Saturn is second only to Jupiter in mass and volume, but farther away from the earth, reaching 654.38+03 billion kilometers recently. Saturn is a magical planet. Its average density is smaller than that of water, its rotation speed is faster, and it is oblate. It has a beautiful light ring, many satellites, a big white spot with an area large enough for the earth, and Titan, the second largest satellite in the solar system (there may be lower life forms developing on it). All these have aroused great interest of scientists, prompting them to plan to use three detectors, Pioneer 1 1, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, to detect Saturn nearby and make a comparative study with Jupiter.

1On August 6, 979, it was detected that the pioneer of Jupiter 1 1 flew near Saturn and began to detect its atmospheric composition with an ultraviolet photometer. 1 September, "Pioneer 1 1" approached Saturn, with the shortest distance of 2 10000km/s, passed through Saturn's ring at the speed of 10 km/s, turned under Saturn's gravity, passed through Saturn's ring again on September 2, and then was thrown up by Saturn's gravity. Five days later, on September 7th, Pioneer 1 1 stopped exploring Saturn and its moons.

1 980165438+1October 13, it has been detected that Jupiter's traveler1flew over Saturn, with the shortest distance of12 million kilometers, and more than100 was photographed before and after.

198 1 In August, 2008, Voyager 2, which had detected Jupiter, flew over Saturn, focusing on Saturn's rings and several distinctive satellites, and sent back more than 10000 photos and a lot of data.

Through the above exploration, people's understanding of Saturn has been greatly improved. For example, it is detected that there are more than 60,000 meters of giant thunderstorm lightning belts over Saturn; Two rings of Saturn were discovered, increasing the number of rings of Saturn to seven. It is also found that Saturn's rings are composed of countless ice cubes or ice and other mixtures, ranging in diameter from a few centimeters to 9 meters. Due to the different densities, Saturn's rings appear in different colors under the sunlight, making them colorful, like a colorful compact record. Some of these rings turn from east to west, some from west to east at different speeds, and some are twisted together like braids.

Through exploration, 13 satellites were newly discovered, increasing Saturn's satellites to 23. Some of these satellites are advancing and some are retreating, shuttling between colorful auras, which is very spectacular. Some satellites also have volcanic eruptions. The strangest thing is Partos, half black as ink and half white as snow. The most fascinating is Titan, which is the second largest satellite in the solar system, second only to Ganymede.