Education is a social phenomenon widely existing in human life, and pedagogy is an activity to cultivate social people purposefully. It reveals the general law of education through the study of various educational phenomena and problems. Below, I searched and sorted out the professional knowledge of preschool education for you, hoping to help you.

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First, the meaning of life system.

Kindergarten life system refers to the main activities of children in the park every day, such as entering the park, eating, sleeping, playing games, outdoor activities, educational activities, leaving the park, which are based on science and form a system.

The establishment and implementation of a reasonable living system in nurseries and kindergartens can make the life of infants and young children in the park colorful and regular, combine work and rest, and alternate activities. This is not only conducive to the growth and health of infants, but also helps to cultivate their regular living habits. At the same time, it also provides important conditions for nursing and teaching staff to do a good job in conservation and education.

Second, the basis for formulating the living system.

When making a living system in a kindergarten, we must comprehensively consider various related factors and formulate a reasonable living system that conforms to the actual situation of the kindergarten and the characteristics of children's development. Generally speaking, when making a living system, it is mainly based on the following aspects:

(A) the baby's age characteristics

In the period of rapid growth and development of infant market, the life system of kindergarten should first meet the growth and development needs of infants. Therefore, when making a living system, we should arrange the meal time of infants reasonably to ensure that infants have enough sleep and outdoor activities.

On the other hand, we should also take into account the specific characteristics of children of different ages, that is, children of different ages have different arrangements for their living systems. For example, the younger a child is, the more times he eats, the longer he sleeps, and the shorter he spends in each game or educational activity. With the growth of children's age, the number of meals and sleep time can be gradually reduced, while the time and frequency of games or educational activities can be gradually increased and increased.

(B) the characteristics of the baby's physiological activities

According to the theory of neurophysiology, when people are engaged in certain activities, only the nerve cells in the corresponding parts of the cerebral cortex are in the state of excitement and work, while the nerve cells in other parts are in the state of inhibition and rest, thus forming a working area and a rest area. Work area and rest area can change interactively with the change of activity nature and activity mode. This mosaic activity mode can make all areas of the cerebral cortex take turns to rest, thus maintaining the normal working ability of the body and preventing excessive fatigue. The baby's nervous system is not yet mature. If the activity of a certain property lasts too long, it will cause the fatigue of nerve cells in the corresponding area of the cerebral cortex. Therefore, after a certain period of time, infants should change the nature of activities in time, so that the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex of infants can get a full rest, avoid fatigue and maintain good working ability.

Therefore, when making a living system, kindergartens should consider the different nature of activities in turn, so as to combine rest with activities. For example, after educational activities, children can be arranged to play freely, and after quiet indoor activities, children can be allowed to go outdoors for sports activities. In this way, children's functional nerve cells in the cerebral cortex and various organ systems in the body can be fully mobilized and exercised, and they can take turns to rest and get enough rest.

(3) Regional characteristics and seasonal changes

China has a vast territory, with a large climate difference between north and south and a large time difference between east and west. Each park should formulate the corresponding living system according to the specific geographical characteristics of the region and the actual situation of the park. At the same time, when making the living system, we should also take into account the characteristics of different seasons and make appropriate adjustments to some links in the living system. For example, in summer, the days are long and the nights are short, so the time for children to enter the park can be appropriately advanced, the time for boarding kindergartens to get up in the morning can also be appropriately advanced, and the time for children to sleep at night can also be appropriately postponed. In order to ensure that children have enough sleep time every day, children can appropriately extend their nap time at noon. If necessary, kindergartens can formulate living systems in different seasons according to local specific conditions and needs.

Parents' needs

The age characteristics of children determine that children must be picked up by their parents in person when they enter or leave the park. Therefore, when the nursery formulates the living system, it should also consider the actual situation and needs of the children's parents in order to better serve them. For example, the time for children to enter the park can be appropriately advanced according to the needs of parents, and the time for leaving the park can also be appropriately postponed. The meals provided by the nursery can be increased from two points for one meal to one or two points for three meals.

Third, implement the living system.

After the establishment of children's living system, it should be strictly implemented to ensure the regularity of children's life in the park. However, because children's activities in the park are not static, they sometimes involve some special activities, such as holding children's sports meetings, organizing children to go hiking, and conducting health checks. Therefore, the arrangement of children's daily life should not only ensure certain stability and regularity, but also have relative flexibility.

There are great differences among children. For example, some children are energetic and need less sleep time, while others often need more sleep time than others because of their weak constitution. For example, some children eat slowly and eat for a long time. In this regard, in the specific implementation process, the life system should also take into account the individual differences of children and treat them differently appropriately to adapt to the characteristics of different children and meet their different needs.

Admission at 7:00, morning check-up and morning activities

Pack your toys at 8:20.

Morning exercises at half past eight.

9:00 educational activities

Drink milk at half past nine

9:45 outdoor activities

1 1:00 Cleaning and preparing tableware

1 1: 15 lunch

12:00 nap

The middle class and the big class

/kloc-get up at 0/4: 00, wash and eat.

14:30 activity area game

small class

/kloc-get up at 0/4: 30, wash your hands and eat snacks.

15:00 activity area game

15:30 outdoor activities

16:30 indoor activities and preparation for leaving the garden.

17:00- 18:00.

Health check system

Kindergartens should establish and improve the health examination system. The objects of health examination should include new children in the park, children in the park and all the staff in the nursery.

First, children's health examination.

Regular and irregular health check-ups for children can help us understand the growth, development and health status of each child, so as to take corresponding measures to better promote the healthy growth of children. At the same time, it can also find, isolate and treat diseases at an early stage.

(1) Pre-admission health examination

Children who are about to go to kindergarten must undergo a comprehensive health examination before going to kindergarten to determine whether the children can live a collective life and prevent some infectious diseases from being brought to the nursery. Moreover, the health examination before entering the park can provide important information for the nursery to better understand and master the growth and development characteristics and health status of each child.

The main contents of children's pre-school health examination:

(1) Understand the history of children's diseases, infectious diseases, allergies and family history.

(2) Check the current growth and health status of children, such as height, weight, chest circumference, head circumference, cardiopulmonary function, vision, hearing, skin and tooth development, spinal development, hemoglobin, liver function, etc.

(3) Understand the completion of infant vaccination.

Pre-kindergarten health check-ups are usually carried out in local maternal and child health hospitals. At present, many cities have unified pre-school health examination programs. The health examination before kindergarten is only valid for one month.

(two) regular health examination after entering the park.

Children should have regular health checks after going to the park. Generally speaking, babies under 1 year-old have a physical examination every quarter, babies between 1 year-old and 3-year-old have a physical examination every six months, and children over 3-year-old have a physical examination every year, and their height, vision and weight are measured every six months.

Kindergartens should establish health records for each child to fully understand and judge the growth and development of each child.

After each health examination of children, medical and health care personnel should analyze, evaluate and count the health status of children individually and collectively, and put forward corresponding measures to promote the healthy growth of children.

(3) Daily health observation

After children arrive at the park every day, medical and health care personnel and nursing staff should carry out daily health examination and observation, and isolate and treat diseases as soon as possible when they are found, so as to prevent the disease from worsening or spreading in the park. Children's daily health observation mainly includes morning check-up and all-day observation when people are in the park.

1. Morning check in the park

Morning check-up is an important part of kindergarten health care. Through this link, we can not only find diseases early, but also bury some unsafe factors in time. At the same time, we can also learn about the children's life at home, which is conducive to the teaching staff to do a better job in the day and keep close contact with their families.

Morning check-ups should be conducted every morning when children are in the big garden, and boarding kindergartens should be conducted after children get up in the morning. The person in charge of the morning check-up can be a health care worker or a teacher with preliminary medical knowledge.

The main contents of children's morning examination are summarized as: "touch, look, ask and check." "Touch" refers to touching the child's forehead to find out whether the child's temperature is normal and whether the child's cervical lymph nodes are swollen. "Second look" refers to carefully checking whether the child's throat is red and observing whether the child's skin, face and mental condition are abnormal. "Three Questions" refers to asking parents about their children's living conditions such as eating, sleeping, urinating and defecating at home. "Four checks" refers to checking whether children have brought unsafe items into the park.

If the child is found to be unwell or sick in the morning examination, parents should be persuaded to take the child to the hospital for examination, or temporarily isolate the child, and ask the health care doctor for further examination before deciding whether to enter the class.

Step 2 observe all day

After entering the park, nurses should always observe whether the children have abnormal performance and pay attention to the early detection of diseases in the process of daily care and education for the children. The focus of all-day observation is: children's mental state, appetite, defecation, sleep, body temperature and so on.

Children who are usually lively and active suddenly become silent, inactive, listless, have no appetite for eating, and even vomit, all of which reflect the abnormality of their bodies. Children should be further examined to determine whether they are ill.

Second, the staff health examination

In order to ensure children's health, kindergarten staff must undergo strict health examination before entering the park, and only those who pass the health examination can enter the park to work. All staff working in kindergartens must also have a comprehensive health check-up once a year. In addition to the general health examination, the health examination of kindergarten staff also includes chest X-ray, liver function, vaginal mold and trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis and so on. Those who fail the physical examination should be transferred immediately or temporarily leave their posts. Some diseases can be cured before they can resume their work with relevant health diagnosis.