1. Language (oral/language)

2. Mathematical logic (logic/mathematics)

3. Space (vision/space)

4. Body movement (body/kinesthetic)

5. Music (music/rhythm)

6. Interpersonal/social

7. Introspection (personal introspection/introspection)

8. Natural exploration (naturalist, added by Gardner in 1995)

9. Existentialist wisdom (Gardner later added)

In addition, other scholars have separated "spiritual intelligence" from introspective intelligence.

The contents of these nine categories are as follows:

1. Language Intelligence

This kind of intelligence mainly refers to the ability to effectively use spoken and written words, that is, the ability to listen, speak, read and write, which is manifested in the ability of individuals to describe events, express their thoughts and communicate with others smoothly and efficiently. This kind of intelligence is more prominent in writers, speakers, journalists, editors, program hosts, broadcasters, lawyers and other professions.

2. Logical mathematics intelligence

People who deal with numbers especially need this kind of intelligence to use numbers and reasoning effectively. They study by reasoning, like asking questions and conducting experiments to find answers, looking for the laws and logical order of things, and are interested in the new development of science. Even other people's speech and behavior have become a good place for them to look for logical defects, and it is easier to accept things that can be measured, classified and analyzed.

3. Space intelligence

Spatial intelligence emphasizes that people are highly sensitive to color, line, shape, shape, space and their relationships, and have strong ability to feel, distinguish, remember and change the spatial relationship of objects to express their thoughts and emotions, which is manifested in their sensitivity to line, shape, structure, color and spatial relationship and their ability to express through plane graphics and three-dimensional modeling. Can accurately feel the visual space and show what is perceived. This kind of person thinks with images and images when he studies.

Spatial intelligence can be divided into image spatial intelligence and abstract spatial intelligence. The spatial sense of images is a painter's specialty. Abstract spatial intelligence is the specialty of geometricians. Architects are good at image and abstract spatial intelligence.

4. Physical operation intelligence

Good at expressing thoughts and feelings with the whole body and the ability to skillfully make or transform things with both hands. It is difficult for such people to sit still for a long time, like to build things by hand, like outdoor activities, and often use gestures or other body language when talking to people. When they study, they think through their physical feelings.

This kind of intelligence mainly refers to the skill of adjusting body movements and changing objects with dexterous hands. It is characterized by being able to control one's body well, being able to respond appropriately to events, and being good at expressing one's thoughts with body language. Athletes, dancers, surgeons and craftsmen all have this intellectual advantage.

5. Musical intelligence

This kind of intelligence mainly refers to people's sensitive perception of tone, melody, rhythm and timbre, which is manifested in their sensitivity to music rhythm, tone, timbre and melody and their ability to express music through composition, performance and singing. This kind of intelligence has outstanding performance in composers, conductors, singers, musicians, musical instrument makers, music critics and other personnel.

6. Interpersonal intelligence

Interpersonal intelligence refers to the ability to effectively understand others and their relationships and communicate with others, including four elements. ① Organizational ability, including group mobilization and coordination ability. Negotiation ability refers to the ability of arbitration and dispute resolution. (3) Analytical ability refers to the ability to be keenly aware of other people's emotional trends and ideas, and to easily establish close relationships with others. (4) Interpersonal communication refers to the ability to care about others, be considerate and be suitable for group cooperation.

7. Introspective intelligence

This kind of intelligence mainly refers to recognizing one's own abilities, correctly grasping one's strengths and weaknesses, grasping one's emotions, intentions, motives and desires, planning one's life, self-respecting and self-disciplined, and absorbing the strengths of others. I will know my own advantages and disadvantages from various feedback channels, always want to plan my own life goals, love to be alone, and think in my own way. I like to work independently and have room for self-choice. Politicians, philosophers, psychologists, teachers and other people with excellent intelligence all performed well there.

Introspective intelligence can be divided into two long levels: event level and value level. Event-level introspection points to the summary of the success or failure of the event. Introspection at the level of value links the success or failure of an event with value.

8. Natural exploration intelligence

Be able to identify plants, animals and other natural environments (such as clouds and stones). People with strong natural intelligence are more prominent in hunting, farming and biological sciences. Natural exploration intelligence should be further simplified as exploration intelligence, including the exploration of society and nature.

9. Become smart

People tend to ask questions about life and death and ultimate reality and think about them.

Other types of intelligence

Human intelligence can also be classified from other angles:

Memory: the memory of things, including short-term memory and long-term memory, image memory and abstract memory.

Image power: the ability to form an image on the basis of memory. It can also be said to be perceptual cognitive ability.

Abstract ability: the ability to form abstract concepts on the basis of images. It can also be said that it is rational cognitive ability.

Faith: the ability to form a general concept of life and the world on the basis of image and abstract thinking.

Creativity: the ability to form new images, theories and beliefs.

Cultivation of development

The development of multiple intelligences in the past mainly