Academic goal

1. Basic knowledge: the convening of the Paris Peace Conference; Treaty of Versailles and Versailles system; League of nations; The convening of the Washington Conference and its main contents; Versailles-Washington system.

2. Ideological education: Through this lesson, students can understand: ① The Paris Peace Conference is a meeting for the victors to carve up the world, and the "Versailles-Washington system" formed by it and the Washington Conference is the result of a temporary compromise by the imperialist powers, which cannot maintain world peace. (2) The League of Nations is a tool for imperialism to maintain the post-war world ruling order.

3. Ability training: By explaining the performance of imperialist powers fighting for hegemony at the Paris Peace Conference, cultivate students' ability to analyze the trend of imperialist foreign policy according to their own economic and military strength.

Teaching emphases and difficulties

Key points: ① Treaty of Versailles. (2) the meeting of nine countries.

Difficulties: the contradiction of "Versailles-Washington system".

Teaching methods are mainly narrative, supplemented by discussion.

teaching process

Reviewing the nature and results of the First World War with students shows that the victorious countries tried to re-divide the world according to the changed national strength contrast. They held the Paris Peace Conference and the Washington Conference, and established a new order to rule the world.

(teaching new lessons)

First, the post-war "new order" (blackboard writing)

19191kloc-0/0 In October, the victors and allied groups held a peace conference in Paris. Twenty-seven countries attended the meeting, and the actual final decision was in the hands of the "Big Three" of the Peace Conference. Ask students to look at the pictures and fine print of the textbook "The Big Three of the Paris Peace Conference" to understand the plots and contradictions of the great powers for hegemony, and then add explanations. ) French Prime Minister Clemenceau and British Prime Minister Lloyd? George, American President Wilson. An American historian said, "The framers of the Treaty of Versailles ... gathered in Paris in an atmosphere of hatred, greed and fear. They hate the enemy, covet colonies and reparations, and fear Bolshevism. "

Students are required to read the contents of the Treaty of Versailles in the textbook, which can be summarized into five aspects: territory, military affairs, politics, reparations and colonies. Teachers explain and organize students to discuss alternately. Ask students to compare the changes of German territory in pre-war and post-war European maps in textbooks. Germany lost nearly 1/8 of its territory and110 of its population. What impact will such cruel regulations have on German national psychology? On the military side, please contact the background of november revolution in germany, and consider the dual purpose of "only allowing 654.38+10,000 troops to be retained"-to prevent German military forces from threatening the Allies, and reserve a considerable number of troops for Germany to suppress domestic revolutionary forces. As far as colonies are concerned, what is the essence of the right of "appointment rule"? (Let the victorious countries carve up the colonies again and put on the cloak of "legality". China is also one of the victors, but what do we think of the provisions on the Shandong issue in the peace treaty? The Treaty of Versailles is a very harsh peace treaty imposed on Germany by the victorious countries. It planted the seeds of German national revanchism, which was later used by Hitler. As soon as the Peace Conference was over, the German revanchists shouted the slogan "Down with the Treaty of Versailles".

After the Treaty of Versailles, the Allies successively signed peace treaties with the defeated countries Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary and Turkey. These peace treaties and the Treaty of Versailles constitute the Versailles system, establishing a new order of imperialist rule in Europe, West Asia and Africa. The tool to maintain this "new order" is the League of Nations.

Second, the League of Nations (blackboard writing)

The idea of establishing an international alliance was first put forward by American President Wilson. Its twists and turns reflect the desire of people suffering from war all over the world to eradicate war and ensure peace. There are beautiful words in the Covenant to safeguard peace and sanction aggression, but this is only a cover to defeat the world hegemony of big countries. In particular, the "mandate rule" clause on dividing the defeated country's colonies exposed the imperialist nature of this institution. Wilson originally expected to use the League of Nations to realize the leading position of the United States in the world, but once the idea of creating the League of Nations was listed as an important topic of the Paris Peace Conference, the League of Nations became a tool to publicize the will of Britain and France. Therefore, the United States finally did not join the League of Nations.

Third, the Washington Conference (blackboard writing)

In order to coordinate the hegemonic relations among imperialist powers, at the initiative of the United States, representatives of nine countries including China held a meeting in Washington from June1921Sunday to February 1922.

Main contents of the meeting: four-nation treaty, five-nation naval agreement and nine-nation convention (blackboard writing)

As early as 1902, Britain and Japan concluded an alliance treaty and agreed to safeguard their interests in the Far East, which became a huge obstacle for the United States to expand in this region after the war. Under the pressure of the United States, Britain, France, Japan and the United States concluded the Four-Nation Treaty, which replaced anglo-japanese alliance.

The competition for naval superiority was almost crazy, and finally the tonnage ratio of five naval capital ships was compromised. Let the students look at the quota table stipulated in the five-nation naval agreement and discuss and analyze the different effects of this regulation on Britain, the United States and Japan. The teacher summed up the explanation) Britain lost its traditional maritime advantage; The United States has equal naval armament rights with Britain; Japan's status as a maritime power has been recognized by European and American powers.

Japan took advantage of the favorable opportunity that European and American countries were busy fighting in World War I, and its forces of aggression against China expanded rapidly, and the situation of monopolizing China became increasingly clear. This directly damaged the "open door" principle of American invasion of China, and caused envy and anxiety in countries such as the United States and Britain. The China issue became another highlight of the Washington Conference. Under the pressure of the United States and Britain, after Sino-Japanese negotiations, Japan was forced to agree to give up part of its rights and interests of aggression against China. (Guide students to read the corresponding fine print in the textbook. Q: Can China recover the sovereignty of Shandong and other places only be regarded as the result of pressure from the United States and Britain? Guide the students to analyze clearly that this is due to the unremitting struggle of the people of China against imperialism and saving the country. )

1922 In February, the delegates from nine countries signed the Nine-Nation Convention on China. On the surface, the Convention claims to respect China's independence and territorial sovereignty integrity, but in fact it ignores the reasonable demands put forward by the representative of China, such as recovering tariff autonomy, abolishing consular jurisdiction and giving up the sphere of influence of various countries in China. The core of the convention is that the great powers have confirmed and agreed to "open door" and "equal opportunity" as the basic principles of joint aggression against China. On the basis of acknowledging the comparative advantages of the United States in the Far East and the Pacific, the Washington Conference weakened Britain's power in the Far East, curbed the Japanese expansion momentum, and brought China back to the situation of being jointly dominated by the great powers. The Versailles-Washington system, which was formed together with the Paris Peace Conference, completed the arrangement of post-war imperialism to carve up the world again.

Lenin said: "The entire international system and international order maintained by the Treaty of Versailles are built on volcanoes." Please analyze the main contradictions in the Versailles-Washington system and explain the reasons why this system cannot be maintained for a long time. (Summarize students' analysis and explanation) First of all, this system is based on the plundering of defeated countries by victorious countries and the enslavement of colonial and semi-colonial countries by imperialist powers. With the intensification of the contradiction between the defeated country and the victorious country, the upsurge of the colonial and semi-colonial national liberation movement will inevitably shake the foundation of this system.