1 Among them, Khrushchev mainly promoted agricultural reform (uncle who loves cornfields);
Brezhnev changed to industry, and its military strength once surpassed that of the United States, but the reform gradually stagnated;
In the end, Gorbachev changed the economy first and then politics, which directly led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
The socialist system model of the Soviet Union. The socialist system of the Soviet Union began with the victory of the October Revolution and was basically completed in the 1930s. 1936 The Soviet Constitution stipulates that the Soviet Union is a socialist country of workers and peasants, all political power belongs to urban and rural laborers representing the Soviet Union, the political foundation is that laborers represent the Soviet Union, and the economic foundation is the socialist economic system and socialist public ownership of the means of production, and the socialist distribution principle of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his work" is implemented. On this basic socialist system, the Soviet Union has formed its own economic system, political system, ideological and cultural system, educational system and scientific and technological system. The foundation and nature of the Soviet system is socialism, and its establishment has great historical achievements. It ensured the rapid development of heavy industry in the Soviet Union in 1930s, realized socialist industrialization and agricultural collectivization in a short time, and laid a material foundation for the progress and development of socialism. It ensured the Soviet Union's victory over Hitler and Germany in the Great Patriotic War. It also sets an example for the socialist construction of other socialist countries and provides valuable experience. However, no model can be static, and it must change with the changes of social and historical conditions and international and domestic environment. In the later period, the serious defects and disadvantages of the Soviet model were constantly exposed. Mainly manifested in the public ownership, the party and the government are not divided, the party replaces the government, and the power is highly concentrated; The democratic system is not perfect, the legal system is not complete, and the rule of man replaces the legal system; Bureaucracy is prevalent and administrative institutions are bloated. In the economic system, the forms of ownership are too unified, and there are only two kinds of public ownership: state ownership and collective ownership, denying and canceling the existence of other forms of ownership; One-sided emphasis on designated plans and exclusion of market mechanisms; The economy is mainly managed by administrative means, and political struggles often interfere with economic life; One-sided economic development and long-term imbalance in the proportion of the national economy; In the ideological and cultural system, politics, philosophy, history, economy, law, literature and religious thoughts and the corresponding social ideology are strictly controlled by simple administrative means, and academic issues are interfered by administrative means. The socialist model of the Soviet Union has a great influence on other socialist countries. The Soviet Union did not take effective measures to reform this model. At the same time, CPSU regards the economic and political system of the Soviet Union as the standard model of socialism, and asks other socialist countries to copy it. As a result, the disadvantages of the Soviet model spread from the Soviet Union to other socialist countries, which brought serious losses to the construction of these socialist countries.