First, Guozi studies and imperial academy. Guo Zi School (or imperial academy) in the Song Dynasty was a school that only accepted children of bureaucrats above grade seven. Although there are places, there is no real teaching, which is actually to perform the administrative duties of management education. In the old days, Xue set up two prisons, which were in charge of imperial academy in JD.COM and imperial academy in Jingxi. After the founding of imperial academy, he was also the chief executive of imperial academy. After Yuanfeng changed the official system, he set up a wine festival again. Most of them are famous scholars, and they also hold the positions of imperial academy and banquet teaching. The teaching position of Guozi School is mainly Daoism, but Daoism is competent in prison, while Daoism is taught in imperial academy. After the fourth year of Qing Dynasty (1044), Shi Jie, Sun Fu, Hu Yuan, etc. Although they are taught directly by imperial academy, their teaching activities are conducted entirely in imperial academy. After Yuan Feng changed his official system, he was renamed a college student, and his teaching title was completely transferred to imperial academy. According to Song history? According to "Official History Five", Dr. imperial academy's duty is to preside over the teaching of Confucian classics, examine students' literary achievements, and guide learning with morality. Under the doctor, there are positions such as study correction, study record, study guidance and direct study, which assist in serving wine. The doctor manages the administrative affairs of the business school, provides course guidance and supervises the implementation of the study rules.
Judging from the comparison of official salaries in Song Dynasty, the treatment of teachers in Guo Zi School and imperial academy is in the middle and lower level. The highest wine offering comes from four products, with a monthly salary of 45 thousand and a salary of 35 thousand. Zheng Zheng, the Imperial College, has the lowest grade, and is recorded as a positive nine-product, with a salary of 1.8 thousand, which is equivalent to about 36 stones of wheat at the current price. Dr. Jason Wu's monthly salary is 20,000 yuan, which can be converted into about 40 stones of wheat, with a daily salary of 666 articles. And an ordinary helper, the daily maid value is only 60. Add up the academic officer's monthly salary and work money, and the total income is still considerable. It can be seen that the economic treatment of teachers at that time was still relatively generous.
Since Li Qing was founded in the fourth year (1044), the University of Song Dynasty has been the highest institution of learning of the central government. Imperial College London recruits handsome teenagers below the eighth grade and Shu Ren. The teaching content is mainly Confucianism and classics, and poetry and strategy are also studied. Before JaeHee Ning began to study, although the imperial court did not clearly stipulate imperial academy's Confucian classics teaching materials, the official Book of Nine Classics and Changes was an authoritative reading of Confucian classics. From Xining to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, most of the time, the New Meanings of Three Classics and Zi Shuo by Wang Anshi and his son were the main textbooks of Confucian Classics. Generally speaking, no matter what kind of textbooks are used, the content of imperial academy's teaching depends on the content of imperial examinations or imperial academy. When scholars attach importance to Confucian classics and strategizing, scholars tend to focus on Confucian classics and strategizing; Scholars pay more attention to poetry and prose, and scholars will learn poetry and prose. During Ning Xingsheng's period, he tried to teach subjects, appointed his son to be an official, reviewed laws and decrees, and summoned scholars and judges, so imperial academy also studied laws and decrees.
Second, all kinds of junior colleges. The academy in Song Dynasty is the most complete in Northern Song Dynasty. College is used to train all kinds of specialized talents, and its classification is roughly as follows:
First, the martial law belongs to imperial academy. Wushu was first established in Li Qing in the second year (1042), and its prosperity and waste are unknown afterwards. The period of worshipping Ning was set in each state, and it was proclaimed in the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), and it was reinstated in the seventeenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 146). It mainly trains military talents, mainly studies the history of art, archery and martial arts, and learns to practice array tactics and compile art books. The law was founded in the sixth year of Xining (1073), and I studied trial and related laws and regulations.
Second, schools affiliated to full-time government departments have books, paintings, calculations and doctors. Medicine started early. During the development of Xining, it was transferred to the Bureau of Promotion and Judgment, and then it was repeatedly promoted and abolished. Due to the changeable affiliation, Song Huizong was transferred to the Imperial Medical Bureau. The content of study generally depends on the subject. Fang Mai studies the major classics such as Su Wen, Nan Jing and Mai Jing, as well as the minor classics such as Chao Shi's Disease Source, Dragon Tree Theory and Thousand Women's Wings. The acupuncture department removed the pulse meridian and added three acupuncture meridians. Arithmetic was founded in the second year of Chongning (1 103), which is generally under the jurisdiction of Taishi Bureau, and incumbent officials and Shu Ren can choose to study it. The main content of the study consists of nine chapters, including the algorithms of Zhou Xie, Shimazi, Sun Zi, Sun Zi, Xia Houyang, and the knowledge of three formulas and astronomy. Calligraphy, Painting and Arithmetic were founded in the same year, and then transferred to the Calligraphy Art Bureau and Painting Bureau of the Hanlin Academy to train related professionals.
In addition, when Song Huizong was in power, he worshiped Taoism witchcraft excessively. In the fourth year of Zheng He (1 1 14), he ordered Zhulu to send Taoist priests to the lecture department of Beijing Judao Recording Institute to practice Taoist scriptures, and ordered Zhulu County to set up another study to receive Taoist disciples, so as to cultivate Taoism. In the first year of Huihe (1 1 18), Taoism was upgraded, seven Taoists were selected, and doctors of Taoism were added, which was abolished in the second year of Xuanhe (1 120).
Third, the imperial clan school. Imperial clan schools in Song Dynasty mainly included palaces, universities and primary schools, collectively referred to as religious studies. Imperial clan education began as early as the Song Dynasty. As early as the first year of Emperor Taizong's return to Taoism (995), he was once the master of the emperor's nephew, named Professor. During the reign of Emperor Xianzong Xianping, the imperial edict was divided into Wang Fu's official position and professors from the northern and southern governments to teach the children of the imperial clan. After the religious religion was established in the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1 183), it was repeatedly abandoned and rebuilt in Shaoxing in the fourteenth year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 144). Kings universities and primary schools are the main forms of religious studies, and doctors in religious studies are also professors in Jiugong. The study of religion mainly recruits the descendants of imperial clan and grandsons, and the study age is between 8- 14. Zongzi didn't have a quota at the beginning of reading. When he resumed his religious studies in Shaoxing in the 14th year (1 144), he set the number of students: 50 college students and 40 primary school students. Zongzi belongs to the royal family and the country, and enjoys privileges in examination, official position and promotion, which are beyond the reach of ordinary Guo Zi and scholars. In the tenth year of Xining (1077), the Law on the Examination of Zongzi was promulgated, which stipulated that Zongzi could directly take the examination in imperial academy. The examination paper is taken by the Ministry of Rites alone, and the quota is limited to 50 people, but the fifth of the ten is dozens or even hundreds of times higher than the ordinary Jinshi. The eldest son can be directly appointed as an official without trying, and those who are 40 or 40 years old can also make a sparse list. Since then, although the Regulations on Religious Studies has been changed many times, the number of people who have been taught by Zongzi is still much higher than that of ordinary scholars. But the treatment of zongzi also varies according to blood. According to the zongzi trial law, all the ordered zongzi must be attached to the lock hall for trial except the five clothes. Although the amount is high, it is still difficult.
Fourth, state and county local official schools. In the Song Dynasty, state and county official schools rose during the reign of Renzong, and then experienced the development of middle schools, forming a school network all over the country, far exceeding the Han and Tang Dynasties in scale and quantity. The teaching content of state and county schools is basically the same as that of imperial academy, and the choice and emphasis of content depends on the content of imperial examination or imperial academy. The number of students in state and county schools has not been customized at the beginning, and the number of students can only be determined when Ningxing is promoted. Since then, according to local conditions, students' sources and years of education are not fixed. Academic officers of state and county schools were called professors in the early Song Dynasty and storytellers, storytellers, professors and lecturers in Li Qing for four years (1044). Occupation: guiding students with Confucian classics, presiding over class exams, supervising the implementation of academic regulations, leading ceremonies to sacrifice sages and teachers, and presiding over the management of ritual temples, books, ritual vessels and school finances. In addition to professors, there are teaching assistants and miscellaneous jobs in state schools in turn, such as storytelling, schools, learning records, provost, learning instructions, learning plans, direct learning, classics, teaching instructions and so on. In the early Song Dynasty, most local academic officials were invited by famous Confucian scholars, hired by the people and appointed by local officials. When Renzong Qingli was established, it was stipulated that on-the-job officials should hold concurrent positions. In the absence of suitable candidates, local officials could only be filled by folk "businessmen who live on campus and have good connections". In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), the system of Chinese bookstore was implemented in some areas, and a few people were still allowed to have the right to teach or make up lessons. In the sixth year of Xining (1073), the system of excluding professors from China Library was extended to the whole country. Since then, the qualification requirements for professors in state universities have become more stringent. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), all makeup professors were released. Although there have been some changes since then, after the philosophers participated in politics, the system of "Chinese and foreign scholars are not subjects, but scholars, students and officials should be combined" was finally determined. In addition, the selection of academic officials also needs to pass a rigorous examination. The examination of academic officials is the strictest between Shen Zongxi Ning and Yuan Feng, and the relevant laws have been adjusted many times. Due to the strict requirements of teachers; By the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), there were only 53 state officials in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, due to the guarantee of teachers' quality, although the number of teachers is small, some famous national schools in feudal houses can still maintain high teaching quality.