Mr. Ye Shengtao said, "Students need to be able to read and write, so a Chinese class is specially set up to train them." Reading and writing are the eternal themes of Chinese teaching, and their importance is self-evident. But in actual Chinese teaching, which is more important that often puzzles Chinese teachers? In the process of Chinese teaching, reading for reading and writing for writing are often separated and unilateral. In this way, a lot of energy is spent on training and cultivating students' abilities, and the effect is not good.
In Chinese teaching, although they undertake different teaching tasks and have different emphases, reading teaching focuses on cultivating students' understanding ability and writing teaching focuses on cultivating students' expression ability, but they promote each other and depend on each other. We can learn writing methods from reading and improve our reading ability through writing. Therefore, we must combine them closely in teaching.
First, set off the boat of reading and wash away the worries of writing
Many students are afraid of writing, which is a prominent confusion and phenomenon. The key to this problem is "there is nothing in the stomach, and there is no rice to cook". If there is nothing to write about, naturally there is no interest. Naturally, you can't write wonderful articles.
One of the effective ways to help students break through this writing bottleneck is to guide students to read more and accumulate more. Su Shi, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, said, "Learn from others, absorb in writing, and fully enrich the accumulated materials". Mr. Ye Shengtao said that "reading is absorption, writing is pouring out, and whether pouring out conforms to the law is obviously closely related to absorption", and discussed and emphasized the close relationship between reading and writing, emphasizing the importance of reading for writing.
The new curriculum standard clearly points out that it is necessary to cultivate students' extensive reading interest, expand reading scope, increase reading volume, and advocate doing less questions, reading more books, reading good books and reading whole books. This is the new strategy of Chinese curriculum and the root of Chinese education thought. Doing fewer questions is the "means" and reading more is the "purpose", so that students can have more time to read more good books and recite more famous books.
The new curriculum standard emphasizes the importance of Chinese extracurricular reading, and makes specific provisions: junior high school students "read no less than 2.6 million words after class and read 2-3 famous books every academic year". And put forward constructive suggestions for students' extracurricular reading. This important reform has broken through the disadvantages of focusing only on classroom model essay teaching, ignoring extracurricular reading and insufficient reading for students. It fully embodies the combination of inside and outside the classroom and inside and outside the book.
Therefore, in Chinese teaching, it is necessary to guide students' interest in reading, broaden their horizons by reading more and accumulating more, guide students to accumulate good writing materials such as words, famous sentences, careful thinking and clever thinking in reading, and help students accumulate writing "food and grass", which is also an effective way to solve students' "having food to do" and writing worries.
Second, read and write, and practice writing while reading.
"A Chinese textbook is nothing more than an example. With this example, students should be able to draw inferences and develop their skills in reading and writing (Ye Shengtao) ". Textbooks are the golden key to students' reading and writing wisdom. Especially, the updated Chinese textbooks are full of beautiful chapters, which contain infinite ideological strength, emotional strength and writing wisdom. In reading teaching, students can be guided and trained by cameras to improve their writing level and skills.
First, the writing methods and knowledge in lens-guided reading teaching. For example, how to describe people and things, how to explain things in an orderly way, how to choose materials for writing, how to organize articles ... Many texts are classic examples in this respect, and you can learn these related writing knowledge in the process of learning and understanding these classic articles.
Second, in the process of reading, grasp the opportunity and combination point to carry out composition training, such as learning wonderful language in text learning, carrying out language imitation training in time, and training students' language expression ability; Use the blanks in the text to let students fill in the blanks, continue to write, imagine and create new ideas, and cultivate students' imagination and creativity; Copying texts close to students' cognitive level and real life can train students' ability to plan and conceive articles. For example, after learning Zhu Ziqing's Spring, students can write Imitation of Autumn, learn Mr. Wen Yiduo's Thinking and Doing, and students can also write My Thinking and Doing. And students can generally write better compositions. In the process of learning the text, let students comment on the content, writing skills and wonderful sentences of the text to improve their ability of composition appreciation. By discovering and grasping these opportunities, we can carry out writing training in time and organically combine reading and writing.
The third is to accumulate and experience the thickness of students' composition thoughts (ideas) through reading. The thickness of language is the thickness of thought, and the beauty of language is the beauty of wisdom. It is a common phenomenon that students' writing thoughts are superficial, and it takes a day to make their writing thoughts thick. In reading teaching, students are guided to deeply understand the text, draw the essence of thought from it and form scientific humanistic values. Cultivate students' critical thinking ability through multiple interpretations of text personality; By guiding students to analyze things from reason to reason and from scenery to reason, we can cultivate students' ability to analyze problems ... Reading can experience and enrich students' thoughts.
Only in reading teaching, we can guide students to "practice ten thousand songs and watch Wan Jian", understand in reading, write in reading and practice skillfully in reading, so that students can deduce wonderful compositions.
Third, promote reading by writing, and open up sources smoothly.
To promote reading by writing is to stimulate students' interest in reading, improve their reading ability, and make the source more vivid through "downstream".
Ye Shengtao once said: "Life is like a fountain, and articles are like streams. Fountains are abundant and streams are lively day and night. " Figuratively speaking, life is the source, and writing is the flow. As soon as the source is opened, it will be smooth, and as soon as the source is blocked, it will dry up. Reading is to understand others' reflections on life, indirectly understand life and absorb life. Writing is a direct expression of one's understanding of life, not an expression.
By making students write diligently, let them understand the truth that "when you use books, you hate less". When students are confused about writing, it will further stimulate their strong desire for reading and knowledge, and constantly acquire new knowledge, thus making up for the lack of knowledge and ability. Proper method guidance, skill imparting and language tempering in composition teaching can promote reading, and the improvement of writing ability naturally promotes the improvement of reading ability; Various forms of revision, comment, reflection and writing can further improve students' thinking ability, expression ability and reading ability. This can make students "read before writing, write before reading" (Mao Dun), promote reading by writing, and feed back reading by reading, which can make students' reading interest longer and stronger.
In a word, reading is related to writing and leisure, and reading teaching is inseparable from writing teaching. In teaching practice, it is necessary to find the point of convergence between the two, and dance with two swords together, so that students can read with relish and write well.