1, Qian Sanqiang (191310/October16-1June 28th, 992), a nuclear physicist. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, his ancestral home is Huzhou, Zhejiang. He is the founder of China's atomic energy science, China's "two bombs and one satellite" and an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

1932, graduated from Peking University Preparatory College. 1936, graduated from Tsinghua University. 1939, Qian Sanqiang completed his doctoral thesis-collision between alpha particles and protons. 1946 won the Henri Bader prize for microphysics of French Academy of Sciences at the end of the year. 1948, Professor of Physics Department of Tsinghua University, Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, President of Zhejiang University, Vice Chairman and Honorary Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, Vice Chairman and Chairman of Chinese Physical Society.

2. Qian Weichang (1912.10.9—2010.7.30), a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu, is a world-famous scientist, educator and outstanding social activist. 1935 After graduating from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University, he was admitted to Tsinghua University Research Institute. 1940 went to the department of applied mathematics, University of Toronto, Canada to study elasticity, and 1942 received his Ph.D. degree from University of Toronto.

1946 After returning to China in May, he was employed as a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University and concurrently as a professor in Peking University and yenching university. 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1956 was elected as a foreign academician of Polish Academy of Sciences.

3. Qian Xuesen (191.12.1-2009.10.31), Han nationality, was born in the 33rd grandson of King Qian Liu of wuyue.

World-renowned scientist, aerodynamicist, founder of China manned space flight, academician of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering, winner of China's two bombs and one satellite meritorious medal, known as "the father of China's space flight", "the father of China's missiles", "the father of China's automatic control" and "the king of rockets", China's missiles and atomic bombs were launched at least 20 years earlier due to Qian Xuesen's return to China.

Extended data:

Qian Xuesen's main achievements:

1, two bombs and one satellite

At the beginning of 1956, Qian Xuesen put forward "Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry" to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. Under the leadership of Qian Xuesen,1964/kloc-0 succeeded in exploding China's first atomic bomb in June,/kloc-0 succeeded in exploding China's first hydrogen bomb in June, 967, and/kloc-0 succeeded in launching China's first artificial satellite on April 24, 970.

2. Applied mechanics

Qian Xuesen has done pioneering work in many fields of mechanics. He has made many achievements in aerodynamics, the most prominent of which is the similarity law of transonic flow. Together with Carmen, he put forward the concept of hypersonic flow for the first time, which provided a theoretical basis for aircraft to overcome thermal and sound barriers in the early stage and laid an important theoretical foundation for the development of aerodynamics.

Qian Xuesen has done pioneering work in aerodynamics and solid mechanics of applied mechanics; The research on compressible boundary layer carried out in cooperation with von Carmen reveals some temperature changes in this field, and establishes the "Carmen-Qian approximation" equation. In cooperation with Guo Yonghuai, the concept of upper and lower critical Mach numbers is introduced into transonic flow for the first time.

3. Physical mechanics

Qian Xuesen's research on combining the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of rare gases in 1946 is a pioneering work. 1953, he formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, which greatly saved manpower and material resources and opened up a new field of high temperature and high pressure.

4, aerospace and jet aircraft

In the 1940s, the launch and realization of JATO shortened the runway distance. 1949, put forward the concept of rocket passenger plane and the idea of nuclear rocket; 1953 studied the possibility of interplanetary flight theory. In "Introduction to Interstellar Navigation" published by 1962, a large aircraft with a jet engine is proposed as a first-class vehicle.

5. Engineering cybernetics

In the process of its formation, engineering cybernetics focuses on the engineering practice of designing stability and guidance systems. Qian Xuesen himself is the pioneer of this kind of research work.

6, system science

Qian Xuesen's most important contribution to system science is that he developed systematics and methodology of opening complex giant systems.

7. Others

Qian Xuesen also has some research on systems engineering, human science and thinking science.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qian Sanqiang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qian Weichang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qian Xuesen