(1) The influence of wind direction, topography and other factors should be considered in the site selection of large oil depots. The storage tank should be arranged on the windward side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction in its area, which should be flat and open and not easy to accumulate oil and gas, and at the same time, it should avoid minefields, earthquake zones and flood-prone areas. (2) According to the relevant requirements of Code for Design of Town Gas and Code for Fire Protection Design of Petrochemical Enterprises, determine the fire protection distance between it and buildings and structures. For example, the distance between the storage tank and residential area should not be less than120m; The fire prevention distance between the storage tank with total capacity greater than 5000 m and the residential area should be greater than 500m, and the fire prevention distance between the storage tank and the process flame in the production area should not be less than 60m(3) The tank farm should be strictly partitioned. A non-combustible solid wall of not less than 2m shall be set between the production area and the auxiliary area. And set up entrances and exits respectively; (4) The width of the tank farm shall not be less than 3. 5m ring fire truck passage; (5) Fire dike shall be set in the tank farm. The fire dike shall be an incombustible solid protective wall with a height of 1m; (6) The fire resistance rating of all buildings and structures in the tank farm shall not be lower than Grade II; (7) Fire fighting facilities. Fire-fighting facilities are a very important issue in the design of oil tank farm, and also an important aspect of the fire department's review. Its purpose is to have a way to eliminate accidents when they happen. Turn the corner. ① Setting of fire station. Generally, there should be a special fire station in the oil tank farm, but the mobility is poor. Facts have proved that when catastrophic fires occur, foreign aid is still the main fire extinguishing method. Therefore, there should be professional or enterprise fire fighting forces near oil depots and refineries so that effective measures can be taken in time in case of serious fires; (2) Fixed sprinkler. In order to prevent the explosion caused by the over-temperature and over-pressure of the storage tank in fire, it is one of the effective measures to set up a fixed sprinkler to cool the burning storage tank and its adjacent storage tanks in time. The system has three kinds of fire water sources, one is external water supply pipe network; The second is natural water source; The third is to bring your own fire pool. Because of the high fire risk in flammable liquid storage tank area. It covers a wide range. According to the actual situation of each project and the requirements of the fire department, the fire water source generally adopts the self-provided fire pool to store water. ③ Fire hydrant system. The fire water supply pipe network in the tank farm should adopt ring pipe network, and there should be no less than two main water supply pipes. In order to facilitate the fire truck to supply water to the pipe network, there should be at least two water pump adapters. There should be fire hydrants in the tank farm, and the spacing is generally 60m. The water gun has the characteristics of long range, large flow and flexible rotation. Fire and explosion prevention is one of the important facilities for oil depot fire control. ④ Semi-fixed steam fire extinguishing system. The system has the advantages of low investment, flexible application, convenient operation and strong practicability, and is the steam of petrochemical industry.

Rich in sources, it can continuously disperse and dilute the oil and gas leaked from the tank farm, and has a unique role in fire prevention and explosion prevention; (8) Integrated fire monitoring system. In order to better protect the safety of oil depots and strengthen the fire monitoring of oil depots, it is necessary to integrate automatic fire detection, automatic fire extinguishing and video monitoring systems into an integrated fire monitoring system for unified management and comprehensive monitoring. ① Automatic fire detection system. Because oil products can release energy quickly after burning, which makes the ambient temperature rise, the sudden and sharp rise of temperature is often used as the criterion to judge the oil depot fire. Fire detectors such as temperature sensors such as temperature sensing cables and fiber gratings are commonly used in large oil depots. Fiber Bragg grating fire detector is a new type of automatic fire detection equipment. It has been applied in large oil depots and oil storage tanks of many petrochemical enterprises in China. The fiber grating used in the detector belongs to the fiber sensor. It is an advanced electrochemical temperature sensing technology with the characteristics of essential explosion-proof, high measurement accuracy, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. Grating probes are respectively installed on the outer wall of the tank top and the water inlet hole of the tank top. Comprehensively monitor the oil and gas temperature at the top and outer wall of the tank. According to the preset alarm temperature setting value and alarm temperature rise rate, the overheating alarm and fire alarm signals are sent out in real time. In order to avoid false alarm, comprehensive judgment should be made in combination with other detectors on the storage tank. To determine whether a fire really happened; ② combustible gas monitoring system. In the storage tank area, pump room and other parts that are prone to oil leakage. Combustible gas concentration detection and alarm device shall be set. When leakage occurs, it can give an alarm in time, transmit the combustible gas concentration signal detected on site to the fire monitoring center, and display the alarm site position on the layout of combustible gas probe. When the alarm occurs, it must be confirmed by the video monitoring system or immediately sent to the scene to confirm, and the fire control facilities will be automatically started if necessary; The application of fire fighting system greatly improves the level of fire fighting automation in oil depot, and provides a strong guarantee for the safe operation of oil depot. The disposal of petrochemical fire is a complex system engineering. Only by analyzing and evaluating the petrochemical fire risk scientifically, accurately and comprehensively can reasonable measures and suggestions be put forward to effectively prevent chemical fires. In the petrochemical fire analysis, there are still many contents that need to be further studied and improved. In order to effectively prevent and put out petrochemical fires, better serve urban and rural planning and build a harmonious society.

Source: Famous City Paintings in 2020 10