This combination was very popular in the Song Dynasty, it is said? Without Confucianism, there would be no doctors, and all doctors could describe Confucianism? The point is. This is also related to the development of science and technology in the Song Dynasty. Mr. Needham once said? Whenever people look up any specific historical materials of science and technology in China literature, they often find that its main focus is in the Song Dynasty. ? ; The same is true of Confucian scholars, whose focus lies in the Song Dynasty. Before this, it was not without the appearance of Confucian doctors, and there were even many achievements, such as Tao Hongjing in Nanliang and Wang Shuhe in Wei and Jin Dynasties. They are not only great writers, but also important figures in the development of medical technology.
However, unlike the Song Dynasty, the phenomenon of Confucianism and medicine in the Song Dynasty emerged like a fountain, even forming a class and a group pursuing it. Moreover, many scholars and doctors in the Song Dynasty studied medicine and actively participated in medical research, but only in academic discussions. Such people are also called "yes". Does Confucianism know medicine? . There are many famous historical figures, such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang and so on.
So why was the Song Dynasty the period when Confucian doctors broke out?
Before the Song Dynasty, especially in the Han Dynasty, the social status of Confucian scholars was very high, while people of other classes were oppressed. The same is true of doctors, who are almost unheard of except those who are famous in history. Like the Tang Dynasty? Witch doctors, musicians, all kinds of people, a gentleman despises? ; It was a good portrayal of people's attitude towards doctors at that time. But why did it change in the Song Dynasty and even become the mainstream? There are two reasons, one is that the rulers of the Song Dynasty attached great importance to medicine, and the other is the medical construction and education in the Song Dynasty.
The emperor of Song Dynasty had an indissoluble bond with medical skill. Song dynasty inherited troubled times and established a unified dynasty, so everything was in a state of great waste, especially culture and education, and finally had the opportunity and space to rebuild order. What is the so-called? Visiting the imperial court, building medicine and training scholars, so that people who study Confucianism can understand flavins, know how to diagnose and treat diseases, which is called Confucian medicine. ?
In particular, Zhao Kuangyin, the founding monarch of the Song Dynasty, was also proficient in medical skills. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhao Kuangyin revised Kaibao New Detailed Materia Medica; In the History of Song Dynasty, he also recorded the process of treating his younger brother. Zhao Kuangyin's emphasis on medicine is also closely related to his personality. For example, Liu Anshi commented on Zhao Kuangyin? Mao's heart, Yao and Shun's heart. ? ; Cheng Yi said? Mao won the world, saved five generations of rebellion, and did not kill anyone. Not since ancient times, not comparable to Han and Tang dynasties. As we all know, Zhao's sacrificial place is Mount Tai. ? ; All these show that Song Taizu is kind, killing people is not easy, but winning the world with leniency. This is the so-called doctor's parents' heart, and so is Song Taizu.
Similarly, not only the monarch is a good doctor, but also the literati class has a new understanding of medicine, which is no longer the attitude before the Song Dynasty. Doctors used to be regarded as the ranks of three religions and nine streams, but now they are very different. Fan Zhongyan once wrote The Theory of Ambition? Be a good doctor, not a good doctor. ? ; This is also inseparable from the background of the times. Song Dynasty was a pragmatic dynasty. In troubled times, reality triumphs over everything, and neither truth nor ancient sages can save the world, which also makes more people see the role of applying what they have learned. In an era of frequent wars, what can save people? Since sage books can't save the world, it's better to learn medical skills to save one person. This pragmatism was also quite popular in the Song Dynasty. For example, the opening of night market is also based on this idea, which is more practical in the face of economic development.
Medical education in Song Dynasty
Before the Song Dynasty, there was an educational institution specialized in medicine, called the Medical Department, which spread to the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, it was directly undertaken and changed to the Department of Medical Treatment. Different from previous dynasties, the Imperial Medical Bureau in Song Dynasty paid more attention to cultivating talents rather than going to the hospital together. Later, medical college became a learning place for medical students more directly, just like medical college now. Since then, medicine has also become a discipline that goes hand in hand with imperial college and law, and gradually becomes independent.
In the Song Dynasty, in addition to imperial academy, in order to improve the status of medical practitioners, Song Huizong added medical subjects to imperial academy, which became independent medical subjects according to imperial academy's educational model. This also marks the emergence of a medical system integrating teaching and scientific research, which trained a large number of medical talents for the Song Dynasty at that time. Therefore, under the dual influence of the imperial court and rulers' preferences, medical activities have also been paid attention to by regions at all levels. As the saying goes, an upward trend has a downward effect. Knowing that the king naturally likes it, some people are greeted with smiles, and gradually there is a wind of Confucianism and medicine.
The formation of Confucian medicine also involved the help of the emperor of the Song Dynasty. During the Song Huizong period, medical schools at all levels were specially set up, many students interested in medicine were selected from Confucianism to go to Confucianism, and Confucian classics and medicine were taught at the same time, which also created the first batch of Confucian doctors. This kind of group not only has self-cultivation, high moral standards, but also knows how to practice medicine, so it has been recognized by everyone in emotion and practice, so Confucianism and medical skills have become a fashion.