The influence of the development trend of international globalization on the development of continuing education in China. Economic globalization has promoted the pace of global integration of science, technology, economy and culture, and has also had a wide and profound impact on the supply and demand relationship in China's talent market. In the process of globalization, the rapid development of high technology has accelerated the renewal and aging of knowledge. Students who come out of one-time education in schools can only be regarded as "talent gaps". In order to adapt to the continuous development of science and technology, they must keep learning and study for life. The influence of national policy and economic structure adjustment on continuing education. Implementing the strategic decision of "rejuvenating the country through science and education" will realize two fundamental changes with overall significance in China's economic field and make it inevitable to develop continuing education. The development trend of continuing education in China. Vigorously strengthen the publicity of the importance of continuing engineering education; Effectively strengthen leadership, vigorously promote the construction of laws and regulations, and form a supporting policy system; Increase investment to ensure the normal development of continuing education; Actively explore the establishment of continuing education management system and operation mechanism to adapt to the socialist market economy; Actively adopt modern educational technology to ensure the efficient implementation of continuing education.
foreword
Economic globalization has promoted the pace of global integration of science, technology, economy and culture, and has also had a wide and profound impact on the supply and demand relationship in China's talent market. In the past, a one-time education meant life-long, and the social phenomenon that being admitted to a university was guaranteed gradually left us. With the rapid development of global integration, the promotion and orientation of talents has become the top priority to ensure China's economic development. The development trend of globalization also puts forward higher and stricter standards for the cultivation of domestic talents, which should focus on the development goals of internationalization, standardization and skill.
Mayor, Director-General of UNESCO, pointed out at the conference on continuing education that "providing lifelong education and training is the only way for us to equip people with the necessary knowledge and ability so that they can survive in a changing world". It shows that lifelong education has become the common requirement of educational development and social progress in all countries, and the establishment of a lifelong education system society has become the common trend of educational reform and development in the world.
Today, with the irresistible trend of economic globalization, how to occupy a more favorable position and give play to its special functions in China's continuing education will attract the world's attention.
First, with the development of science and technology, the development trend of continuing education in China.
1. The influence of the development trend of international globalization on China's continuing education.
With the advent of international globalization and the era of knowledge economy, China's position in the pattern of world economic integration is becoming increasingly obvious, which makes the concept of lifelong learning and learning society increasingly accepted by all countries in the world. Learning determines fate, and all individuals, enterprises and countries should follow the same principle. This provides an unprecedented opportunity for the development of continuing education in China. However, after all, there is a gap between us and developed countries: decades ago, they advocated the idea of developing lifelong education, while China was still busy solving the problems of popularizing primary education and completing large-scale literacy; When the gross enrollment rate of higher education in western countries has reached more than 50%, we are delighted with the figure of just reaching 20%; When the vocational education system in developed countries is very complete, what we are considering is how to solve practical problems such as reemployment of laid-off workers and training of migrant workers.
We must face the spread of economic globalization. Only by seizing the opportunity, actively improving the level of continuing education in China, learning from the advanced experience of developed countries and regions, and combining the actual situation of our country and region, can we explore a characteristic road suitable for the development of continuing education in China.
2. The current situation of continuing education in China.
First of all, China's higher education is relatively underdeveloped.
First, due to the constraints of China's economic development conditions, the development of higher education can not meet the people's demand for higher education. Although China's higher education is changing from elite education to mass education, it still needs a long way to catch up with the world's advanced level because of China's large population base and poor educational foundation. Therefore, China proposed that the enrollment rate of higher education should be close to 15% by 2005. To achieve this goal, in addition to vigorously developing general higher education, the development of continuing education is indispensable.
Second, due to historical reasons such as the "Cultural Revolution" in China, a whole generation didn't receive higher education, and this generation of delayed workers has reached middle age, with a large proportion of laid-off workers. Many on-the-job workers are also facing aging knowledge and are not competent for their jobs. These middle-aged people have a strong desire to learn. Although ordinary colleges and universities have opened their doors to this group of people since 200 1, and some older or even older candidates have appeared in the society, there are basically no middle-aged and elderly students admitted to colleges and universities. Practically speaking, these people are more suitable for receiving corresponding vocational and technical education.
Secondly, in order to adapt to the rapid development of China's economic construction and the needs of international competition, we must speed up the improvement of the quality of engineers and technicians and strengthen the continuing engineering education of on-the-job engineers and technicians.
In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in continuing education. According to the data provided by China Education Yearbook ②, before liberation (1928- 1949), 185000 college students were trained. After liberation, in 2005 alone, there were 3.38 million graduates from ordinary colleges and universities nationwide, and about 1.4 million graduates from secondary specialized technical schools were trained in the same period, all of whom should be the target of continuing education at or above the undergraduate level. If we roughly estimate the workload of continuing engineering education, we can assume that 30% of them have been transferred to jobs outside the field of engineering technology (excluding graduates from other majors who have been transferred to the field of engineering technology). It can be concluded that the number of people who should receive university-level and post-university continuing engineering education in 2005 alone is about 2.37 million. In addition, according to the figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics 1995, the total number of professional and technical personnel in China is 27.85 million. According to Article 9 of the Interim Provisions on Continuing Education for National Professional and Technical Personnel promulgated by the Ministry of Personnel in June 1995+0 1, the accumulated time for senior and intermediate professional and technical personnel to receive continuing education is not less than 40 hours per year. The total number of junior professional and technical personnel is not less than 32 hours, which is equivalent to about 6,543,800 full-time students, which is equivalent to 38.5% of the number of students (3.38 million) in ordinary colleges and universities at the end of 2005. These on-the-job (especially high-level) professional and technical personnel have learned new theories, technologies and methods through continuing education, which will soon be reflected in improving product quality and productivity, and will play a more significant role in China's industrial production than college graduates.
3. Continuing education in China will enter a period of rapid development.
Ms. Chen Zhili, State Councilor of China, mentioned in an article published in China Education News that 20 years ago, China the State Council issued a document and decided to vigorously develop continuing education in China. After years of efforts, China has gradually formed a systematic continuing education system. According to statistics, from 1987 to 2006, more than 62 million people in China were illiterate. The scale of rural continuing training and education and staff training and education has expanded year by year, reaching more than 80 million person-times and 90 million person-times each year respectively. The article indicates that in the future, China will incorporate continuing education into the overall planning of economic and social development and education development, and increase investment in continuing education to provide necessary conditions for the sustained and healthy development of continuing education.
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, social economy and culture, people's outlook on work has gradually improved due to the richness of materials, which has led to the constant changes in professional requirements. Therefore, it is necessary for on-the-job employees to constantly improve their professional skills, and the development of enterprises also needs the corresponding number and quality of talents. In modern society, individuals and organizations must keep learning to survive and adapt, and to improve and ensure Excellence. On-the-job employees' continuous learning is to persistently implement learning throughout their career, which is a process of continuous creation and transcendence. Strengthening continuing education can help employees to re-understand their career and their relationship through learning; Through study, rediscover and try new careers; Re-shape yourself through learning; Through learning, expand the energy to create the future.
In short, with the wave of industrial restructuring sweeping the world in the 2 1 century, new products, new technologies and new knowledge are changing with each passing day, and the engineering education system must be reformed to meet the requirements of the new era. It has become a major issue for China to build a new higher engineering education system with the concept of "lifelong education" or "lifelong learning". Among them, it is very important for the country, enterprises and professional and technical personnel to develop continuing education so that the professional quality of on-the-job professional and technical personnel can be improved to an advantageous position in the competition through training or study. Therefore, developing continuing education, establishing an effective continuing education system, creating social conditions for continuing education and forming a continuing engineering education system should be the fundamental measures to implement the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education".
Second, the impact of national policies and economic restructuring on continuing education
1, China's economic system is in a period of social transformation, and the economic system has changed from the original planned economy system to the market economy system under macro-control. In this transformation process, the former main channels for state organs and state-owned enterprises to absorb college graduates gradually recede. Foreign-funded enterprises, especially wholly foreign-owned enterprises, pay more attention to the practical ability of talents, including innovation ability, social ability, cooperation ability and practical ability, rather than the brand of graduate school. Judging from the employment situation of graduates in 2005, the employer has gradually changed from emphasizing famous schools, majors and academic qualifications to emphasizing ability, quality and moral quality, which is the new law and value orientation of the future talent market.
2. The implementation of China's strategic decision of "rejuvenating the country through science and education" has triggered a major adjustment of the entire national economic structure. A large number of traditional industries with low scientific and technological content and large consumption of natural resources have been eliminated, resulting in a large number of laid-off and unemployed people waiting for employment, while emerging industries with high scientific and technological content cannot absorb these unemployed people. In order to avoid the waste of human resources and social problems caused by the excessive number of unemployed people in China, the state should allocate special funds to organize social forces or entrust colleges and universities to carry out re-employment training in a planned and targeted manner, laying the foundation for China to realize the strategic decision of "rejuvenating the country through science and education", which not only avoids the waste of talents, but also reduces the burden on the state and improves the social value of continuing education.
In short, as long as China's continuing education organizations and institutions can analyze and grasp the market system and economic system, establish the concept of keeping pace with the times, build a school-running mechanism with their own characteristics, integrate social forces, and improve their core competitiveness, they can meet social needs, enhance social values, and inject inexhaustible power into their own sustainable development.
Third, vigorously developing continuing education is the trend that China keeps pace with the times.
1. The history of continuing engineering education in China is very short. It is only 27 years since 1979 put forward the concept of continuing engineering education. In the past 20 years, the continuing engineering education in China has made great progress. Some large enterprises and social organizations with good conditions actively carry out continuing education to meet the needs of China's economic construction and reform and opening up, and have made contributions to improving the team's ability. Continuing education is also valued by the party and the government. The Outline of Education Reform and Development in China issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council 1993 emphasizes that adult education should focus on continuing education and on-the-job training. 1The Education Law promulgated in March 1995 legally stipulated for the first time that all professional and technical personnel have the right and obligation to receive continuing education, and the role and status of continuing education began to attract social attention. 1984 1 1 China continuing engineering education association1was established in October; 1995 1 1 The Ministry of Personnel issued the Interim Provisions on Continuing Education for Professional and Technical Personnel in China, which set requirements for professional and technical personnel to receive continuing education. People's congresses in Tianjin, Beijing, Guangdong and other provinces and cities have passed local laws and regulations on continuing education, and some ministries have also made provisions on continuing education for professional and technical personnel, which will promote the development of continuing education.
Economic growth should mainly rely on scientific and technological progress and improve the quality of workers. Improving the quality of workers, especially professional and technical personnel, depends on continuing education, and the transformation of science and technology into productivity also depends on continuing education and job training. Facing the needs of establishing socialist market economy, industrial restructuring, system reform and technological transformation, we must comprehensively improve our understanding of continuing engineering education, increase our support, reform, improve and develop continuing education itself, pay attention to practical results, find a correct position, seize opportunities, and better serve economic construction.
2. How to ensure the investment in continuing education is one of the main problems that have long plagued continuing education activities. It is urgent to ensure the efficient operation of continuing education. The input of continuing education should include financial resources, manpower and material resources, and the input of funds is the main material basis. The investment in continuing education should be given priority to enterprises, supplemented by government funding and individual sharing. The funds for continuing education and on-the-job training of enterprises belong to human resources development expenses and should be used as productive inputs. The investment in production projects and large-scale technological transformation projects should be proportional to the training expenses. The competent department of continuing education should have financial support and be included in the financial budget. Enterprises and institutions should be encouraged to carry out continuing education activities. Study the paid service mode of continuing education, distinguish different situations, determine the way for enterprises, institutions and professional and technical personnel to bear the cost of continuing education, and improve the self-development ability of continuing education institutions.
3. In order to meet the needs of market competition, the service field of continuing education in developed countries has been expanding from engineering and technical personnel to social sciences. It is an important feature of continuing education abroad to implement classified training and improve the ability and competitiveness to adapt to market competition.
It should be said that the object of continuing education in China is wider than that in developed countries, including all kinds of professional and technical and managerial personnel after university, as well as other kinds of on-the-job personnel. Due to the different needs of students' majors, industries, learning contents and school-running methods, continuing education is required to develop in a multi-specification, multi-level and multi-form direction. Continuing education can be carried out in different ways, such as full-time, part-time, part-time study or combined with subject study and research. The teaching time can also be flexible and diverse. Practice has proved that diversified teaching content and time arrangement are more suitable for the actual situation of various training objects. Flexible and diverse teaching contents and methods, and the mechanism closely combined with market demand are important guarantees for continuously improving the efficiency of continuing education.
Diversified forms of continuing education, coupled with gradually improved technical means, will certainly improve the level of continuing education in China. China's national conditions determine the present situation of China's educational level development. How to really improve your technical ability and cultural accomplishment in real life and work? Advanced electronic network courses effectively make up for these contradictions. Modern information and communication technology has influenced the life style of the whole society. At present, the number of netizens in China ranks first in the world, and the growth rate ranks first in the world in recent years. The construction of information superhighway in China is at the international leading level. On this basis, advanced audio-visual means such as recording, video recording, video recording, television, movies, satellite communication and computer-aided instruction have been adopted in continuing education in China to varying degrees, making the learning process more interesting and humanized, thus stimulating learners' initiative and creativity. With the popularization of computers in China and the improvement of teaching content, China's continuing education will spontaneously mobilize a wider audience to participate. Distance education, multimedia technology and international communication network will greatly shorten the gap between the recipients of continuing education in China and the developed countries abroad. These advanced teaching methods have laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of continuing education in China.
abstract
In order to participate in global competition in science, technology and economy, we must develop continuing education. It is China's development strategy to truly implement the development of continuing education in the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and to shift economic growth to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of workers. There is a big gap between the present situation of continuing education in China and the requirements of the situation, so it is urgent to strengthen publicity and raise awareness; Further strengthen leadership, adjust and implement institutions; Increase investment to ensure the smooth development and improvement of continuing education; Gradually establish a set of continuing education system and system suitable for the national conditions of China. The quality of engineering technology and technical management team in China will be continuously improved to meet the needs of global economic and technical competition and meet new challenges and opportunities.
Precautions:
(1) The mayor delivered a speech at the 2nd World Conference on Technical and Vocational Education in April. 1999.
② China Education Yearbook is a national professional yearbook compiled by the State Education Commission.
③ Excerpted from China Education News published on June 22nd, 2007.
References:
[1] Zhang Wei, editor-in-chief: Introduction to Adult Education in the World, Beijing Publishing House 1990.
[2] Cheng Yinsheng: "Global Vision of Continuing Education", "Continuing Education" No.4, 2004.
[3] Huang Yao: "Research on the Development of Adult Education in China Facing 2 1 century", Higher Education Press, 2002.
[4] Zheng Shushan: "China Education Yearbook 2003", People's Education Press, 2003.
[5] Zhang Peichun: Journal of Adult Education, No.2, 2006.
[6] the State Council: Outline of Education Reform and Development in China 1993.
[7] Ministry of Personnel: Interim Provisions on Continuing Education of Professional and Technical Personnel in China 1995 1 1.
hope this helps