political thought
Its core is "courtesy" and "benevolence". In the general plan of governing the country, he advocates "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country. This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". In fact, this strategy broke the traditional creed that courtesy is no less than Shu Ren's, and broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians. Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of human nature, while Confucius' theory of propriety embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society. This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought.
Economic thought
The most important economic thoughts of Confucius are the concept of valuing righteousness over profit, distinguishing right from wrong and enriching the people. This is also the main content of Confucian economic thought. Have a great influence on future generations. Confucius' so-called "righteousness" is a social moral standard, and "profit" refers to people's pursuit of material interests. In the relationship between "righteousness" and "benefit", Confucius put "righteousness" in the first place. He said, "see what you want". (1) requires people to consider how to conform to "righteousness" before material interests. He believes that "righteousness follows", that is, it can only be obtained if it conforms to "righteousness". Confucius even suggested in The Analects of Confucius Zi Han that it is necessary to talk less about "profit", but we should not avoid it. "Zuo Zhuan's Two Years of Success" records that doing immoral things to get rich is like floating clouds, and ② disdaining ill-gotten gains. Confucius also believed that the attitude towards "righteousness" and "benefit" can distinguish "gentlemen" from "villains". A gentleman with morality can easily understand the importance of righteousness, while a villain who lacks moral cultivation only knows "profit" but not "righteousness". This is what Confucius said in the Analects of Liren: "A gentleman is righteous and a villain is beneficial". Some people think that since Confucius values righteousness, he must despise manual labor. This view is wrong. According to the Analects of Confucius, he was very dissatisfied with Fan Chi, a disciple who wanted to study agriculture, and called him a "villain". This is because Confucius believes that people should have greater ideals and pursuits and shoulder greater responsibilities. He wants his students to be value bearers, not farmers.
Educational thought
Confucius first put forward "education without class", believing that everyone in the world has the right to education. In educational practice, he put forward good suggestions: teachers should be "tireless in teaching", "persuasive" and "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" in the process of teaching and educating people. He believes that students should have good learning methods, such as "drawing inferences from others" and "learning new things by reviewing old ones". Learning should also be combined with thinking that "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous" and learning that "three people must have a teacher"; Study with a correct attitude. Confucius' educational thought still has important enlightenment and educational significance.
Aesthetic ideology
The core of Confucius' aesthetic thought is the unity of "beauty" and "goodness", and the unity of form and content. Confucius advocated "poetry teaching", that is, combining literature and art with political morality, and taking literature and art as a means to change social politics and an important way to cultivate sentiment. Confucius believes that a perfect person should cultivate his self-cultivation in three aspects: poetry, ceremony and music. Confucius' aesthetic thought has a great influence on later literary theories.
Although it was found by Baidu, it was recently cut off. This should be a simple description.
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