1), successful operation case of charging station: The two largest and most mature charging stations for electric vehicles in China are Beijing Olympic charging station and Shanghai World Expo charging station, which are currently providing fast battery replacement service for urban electric buses. At present, the two charging stations are not formal commercial operations, but pilot operations organized by the government. What these two charging stations have in common is that they are both operated by local bus groups. The charging station is established by major national special funds and local investment, and the electric bus is operated by the bus group. The power battery used in the Beijing Olympic charging station is leased from the battery manufacturer, and the monthly rental fee (about 1kWh 4 yuan RMB) is paid to the battery manufacturer according to the electricity consumption, while the Shanghai World Expo charging station directly buys the battery from the battery manufacturer, who is responsible for the initial battery maintenance and completes the training of relevant technicians.
2) At present, State Grid is accelerating cooperation with local governments to speed up the construction of charging stations. According to the plan put forward by General Manager Liu Zhenya at the working meeting of State Grid Corporation at the beginning of the year, State Grid will set up 75 public charging stations, 6,209 AC charging piles and some battery replacement stations in 27 provinces and cities (regions) during the year. At present, the announced projects include: State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company and xi 'an will establish five charging stations for medium-sized electric vehicles after years of cooperation; Chengdu Electric Power Company cooperated with the local government to establish three electric vehicle charging stations and 300 charging piles during the year; Hubei Electric Power Company cooperated with Yichang City to build 1 large charging station and 16 charging pile during the year; Chongqing Electric Power Company cooperated with Chongqing to build 50 charging piles during the year. CNOOC: Putianhaiyou New Energy Power Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture with China Putian to operate the energy supply network of electric vehicles. The joint venture company has cooperated with Zotye Automobile and plans to start the network construction of pure electric vehicle charging stations in more than two provincial capital cities in China in the first half of this year. Sinopec: Sinopec announced that it will take Beijing as a breakthrough and enter the charging station industry for the first time. China Petrochemical's Beijing Petroleum Branch and Beijing Shouke Group Co., Ltd. jointly funded the establishment of Beijing China Petrochemical Shouke New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., which will transform the existing large-scale refueling station of China Petrochemical into a comprehensive service station for refueling and charging. Sinopec will take Beijing as a breakthrough to enter the charging station industry, and its comprehensive service station for refueling and charging will eventually be extended to the whole city, and then to Hebei, Tianjin and even more. PetroChina: It is said that local government departments have been contacted and the idea of building an electric vehicle charging station has been put forward.
3) State Grid Corporation's charging station investment plan: State Grid will vigorously build charging stations and charging piles in three stages. In the first stage (20 10), the total investment scale of main equipment of charging stations reached 300 million yuan, 75 charging stations and 6,209 charging piles were built in 27 provincial companies, and the network architecture of electric vehicle charging facilities was initially established; In the second stage (20 1 1-20 15), the investment is1400 million yuan, and the scale of electric vehicle charging stations reaches 4000. At the same time, vigorously promote the construction of charging piles and initially form a charging network for electric vehicles; In the third stage (20 16-2020), the investment will be180 billion yuan, and the number of electric vehicle charging stations will reach 10000, and the supporting construction of charging piles will be carried out simultaneously and comprehensively to build a complete electric vehicle charging network. By 2020, the total investment in main equipment of charging stations will reach 32 billion yuan. In 20 10, the investment scale of main equipment of charging station will reach10.50 million yuan, 20 million yuan and 63 million yuan respectively, and the annual average investment scale in the second stage will increase rapidly to10.44 billion yuan,/kloc-0.60 billion yuan and 672 million yuan respectively. In 20 10, the investment scale of charging piles is160 million yuan, and in 201-2015, the investment scale of charging piles is 4.5 billion yuan, with an average annual investment of 900 million yuan, which is five times that of the first phase. By 2020, the total investment of charging piles will reach 654.38+025 billion yuan.
The development of charging piles abroad is relatively mature: the United States, Japan, Israel, France, Britain and other countries have begun to build their own charging facilities for electric vehicles, mainly charging piles.
(1) The United States has a vast territory and strong state independence. States have different ideas about electric vehicles and their charging facilities. Charging facilities have been built in California, Virginia and other places. Among them, California has the strongest construction, which is jointly built by the "Good Space Project" company and the governments of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose in northern California. In 20 12, all residential quarters, commercial buildings, parking lots and government buildings in these cities will be equipped with charging piles, which will facilitate electric vehicle drivers to charge their cars at any time. The company will also build battery replacement stations in the above areas to facilitate long-distance drivers to replace batteries at any time, with a total planned investment of 6,543.80 billion US dollars. In addition, SolarCity has built five charging stations on California highway 10 1. Each charging station can provide fast charging service of 240V and 70A, which can fully charge Tesla pure electric vehicles within 3.5h hours.
(2) Japan As of 2009, Japan had more than 100 charging stations, 60% of which were concentrated in Tokyo. The Japanese government said that in order to popularize electric vehicles, more than 1,000 charging stations will be built within three years. Tokyo Electric Power Company of Japan will take the lead in related infrastructure construction, and Tokyo will take the lead in building more than 200 charging stations on 20 10. It is estimated that it will increase to more than 65,438+0,000 in three years. Charging piles are more popular in Tokyo, and buildings can be seen everywhere along the road. Kanagawa Prefecture, near Tokyo, plans to put at least 3,000 electric vehicles on the road within five years, and it has promised to provide 150 fast charging stations. The Japanese central government supports this technology and will select cities to carry out electric vehicle charging projects on a pilot basis. The project will include installing power outlets in toll parking lots, supermarkets and chain restaurants for drivers to use for free.
(3) Britain There are already 60 free car charging piles in Britain and London. People who drive electric cars can easily find charging piles near their homes, beside office buildings or on busy streets, and enjoy countless charging and parking services, with a management fee of only 75 pounds a year.
(4) France In France, power companies have built many charging stations for electric vehicles in cities, and electric vehicles can also be charged at home. By 2008, the number of electric vehicles in France has exceeded 1 10,000, and there are 200 public charging stations. The demonstration application of electric vehicles is concentrated in public utilities such as municipal administration, postal service, public transportation, electric power and sanitation.
(5) On June 5438+1October 2 1 2008, Israel Renault-Nissan Automobile Co., Ltd. signed a memorandum of understanding with the Israeli government, and decided to cooperate in the next three years to jointly promote the market application of pure electric vehicles. According to the cooperation agreement, the Israeli government will be responsible for formulating preferential tax policies for consumers, Renault will be responsible for the supply of electric vehicles, and ProjectBetter has started to build its own charging facilities for electric vehicles, mainly charging piles.
Barriers faced by domestic charging pile industry at present
(1) and the charging current is between 10 amp and 100 amp, which requires a high-power charging module of the charging pile.
(2) Lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles have strict requirements on overcharge and overdischarge, and the charging device needs to be equipped with a high-precision monitoring system.
(3) At present, the charging station market is dominated by State Grid and China Southern Power Grid, and new entrants will face higher barriers.
The domestic charging pile industry has broad market investment prospects.
(1), electric vehicle, has always been regarded as the development trend of the next generation of cars. As a "gas station" for electric vehicles, the all-round development of charging pile construction will undoubtedly provide a huge market. Due to traffic congestion in the three major cities of Beishangguang, car purchases are restricted through license plates. However, due to the environmental protection function of electric vehicles, the government supports electric vehicles from the upper level. Therefore, big cities such as Beishangguang have relevant policies, and electric vehicles entering its relevant list can directly obtain license plates, which stimulates the demand for electric vehicles from the policy aspect. At the same time, the price of domestic refined oil products is rising faster than falling, and ultimately the owners bear higher and higher oil prices. Electric vehicles can replace part of gasoline and diesel consumption and reduce this part of the cost. There is no doubt that charging piles are the terminal market promoted by the new energy strategy. If we can seize the opportunity now, it will be of great benefit to the profit of capital.
(2) The strong support and promotion of the government has inspired many enterprises to expect the charging pile industry. An industry insider said that in addition to energy giants such as State Grid, China Southern Power Grid and Sinopec, automobile companies and electrical production companies are highly motivated. Electric vehicle companies such as BYD and BAIC have started to build universal charging piles, and enterprises in industries such as Xuji Electric and Siemens have also started to develop or invest in the construction of charging stations. According to relevant calculations, the business scale of charging stations is expected to exceed 1000 billion every year in the next five years. Judging from the actions of the country this year, the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure will break out this year.
(3) Private capital is eyeing the charging pile market. Because electric vehicles need to replenish a lot of electric energy every day, operating charging stations can gain huge benefits from charging services. Compared with gas stations, electric energy is safer and more convenient, and a large number of charging stations can be installed everywhere. According to the scale of investment, it ranges from slow charging piles in residential areas to fast charging stations on expressways, with single station operation and networking operation. For the opening of the charging station market, the State Grid may be more inclined to service and power supply in the future, so that the construction of charging stations can be more fully integrated with the market, and everyone is a competitor in the same market. Therefore, it is very important for enterprises engaged in battery production to make preparations and plans in advance. The charging and replacing market, with inclined policies, has potential and small investment, and will face greater business opportunities.
(4) It will take some time to get considerable benefits. Nowadays, in addition to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places, many local governments have put forward new ideas of building new residential supporting charging piles, which can not only alleviate the "mileage anxiety" problem of electric vehicle users, but also greatly boost the sales of charging pile manufacturers. As an important downstream pillar industry in the industrial chain of new energy vehicles, charging piles seem to have a very optimistic market prospect. Although the industry prospect is unanimously optimistic, the development of the electric vehicle market is not fully mature at present. The three major problems of standard, planning and land hinder the construction of charging piles, and the systematic construction of charging piles is not smooth sailing.
Operation strategy of charging pile industry
(1), signed an operation and management agreement for cooperative station building with large real estate enterprises, commercial chain organizations, roadside parking management units designated by the Traffic Management Bureau and other management units with parking spaces (the investor is responsible for charging stations and management, and the organization is responsible for providing the site and ensuring safety, and the charging and value-added benefits are shared by both parties).
(2) With relevant government departments (Science and Technology Commission, Association for Science and Technology, Urban Construction, Urban Management, Leading Group for Electric Vehicles, Economic Commission, Development and Reform Commission, etc.). ) or joint venture or application for funding (disguised policy support).
(3) Joint venture with local departments of State Grid.
(4) Joint ventures with local branches of large powerful enterprises (PetroChina, Sinopec, funds, etc.). ).