The Historical Achievements of Wu Culture
Suzhou, located in the Yangtze River Delta, is the historical center of Wu culture. In this unique land, our ancestors used their diligence and wisdom to create admirable and world-renowned cultural achievements. From the material aspect, there are Suzhou ancient city called "wonderful workmanship" by Montesquieu, the French enlightenment master, and the water town features formed on this basis, including the famous patriotic poet Angkor, the classical gardens listed in the world cultural heritage, beautiful silk, Suzhou embroidery, one of the four famous embroideries in China, and the quaint and dignified Xiangshan Sect buildings. From a cultural point of view, there are Kunqu Opera, the father of hundreds of operas, Suzhou Pingtan, which is called the most beautiful voice in China, Wu Pai, a famous artist, and Taohuawu woodcut New Year pictures, which are called "South Peach Blossom and North Willow" in history. These dazzling cultural achievements are not only Suzhou's historic and representative contribution to the development of Wu culture, but also Suzhou's unique and outstanding contribution to China culture.
Question 2: Talk about the characteristics of Wu's etiquette and customs, and illustrate its uniqueness with examples. Wudi is located in the Taihu Lake basin in the Yangtze River Delta, with a pleasant climate and superior geographical conditions. For thousands of years, its economy and culture have been relatively developed and prosperous, and it has been at the forefront of the country in many aspects. Wudi folk custom has the following main characteristics: Wudi folk custom contains, absorbs, absorbs and integrates multicultural elements, making it more inclusive, profound and beautiful in humanistic spirit. "Wu knows the etiquette, and Taibo changes the customs." This is the scientific conclusion of Wang Chong, a great scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, about the "qualitative change" of folk customs in Wu. Since Taibo, Wu has changed the custom of "valuing martial arts over death" in the past, and began to accept the folk custom of "valuing ceremony and worshiping culture" in the birthplace of Central Plains civilization with etiquette as the core, as well as other folk customs outside the territory, which included non-local folk factors. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival in Wudi is particularly inclusive. According to the research of Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination and Dragon Boat Festival History Education, the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the great totem sacrifice of the ancient Wuyue people to the dragon totem, and rowing a canoe carved into a dragon is a folk custom. In the article "Historical Issues and Future Work of Folklore", Mr. Wang also believes that the custom of eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival was originally a witchcraft and religious activity of Wu, and it did not have the significance of commemorating historical figures such as Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu. It was only later that Wu people did not meet the original holiday purpose, so it later became the nature of commemorating patriotic heroes. Obviously, this is caused by absorbing the humanistic spirit of Jingchu folk customs.
Question 3: What do Wu Culture and Wu Di mean respectively? Wu culture is the abbreviation of Wu regional culture, which generally refers to all the achievements of material civilization and spiritual civilization created by Wu since ancient times. Based on the pre-Wu culture and Wu culture, Wu culture developed and grew in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and reached its peak in Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In Qing Dynasty and modern times, with the decline of feudal society and the development of capitalism in China, Wu culture began to transform from traditional culture to modern culture.
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Question 4: What place does "Wudi" mean on the humanistic level? Geographical scope? Which famous literati and poets have appeared? Ancient Nanjing (Jinling), Yangzhou, Chuzhou and Zhenjiang all belong to the category of "Jiangnan", and their aristocratic culture still has strong Wu culture characteristics in Jiangnan today. However, due to the problem of refugees in modern times, the folk customs of these three places have taken on the characteristics of Jianghuai culture, and dialects are basically not easy to use in the dialects of Jiangsu and Huaibei except for retaining some Wu words. In addition, the spread of Wu culture can also be clearly defined as Huizhou and Huangshan in southern Anhui, bordering southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang respectively. Traditionally, customs are similar. People travel by boat and boat, and houses are built along the water. However, like Ning, Zhen, Chu, Yang and other places, the influx of immigrants from Huaibei in modern times has also caused many changes in folk culture in these areas. Since the Yuan Dynasty, because there is no division of provinces by cultural circles, people in the cultural circles of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Wu have different attitudes towards Wu. Today, when talking about Wu, it usually refers to southern Jiangsu, Suzhou is Wu Dong, and Changxi is Zhong Wu. Zhejiang Wu cultural circle was mistakenly called "Yue". In fact, the customs and cultures of the ancient Wu State and the ancient Yue State have long been lost. Jiangnan culture, which has been handed down to this day, began in Yongjia, Du Nan, developed in Sui and Tang Dynasties and was formed in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Question 5: Why did Wudi develop into a place where people gathered later? After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the land in the north gradually became bitter and cold, and * * began to move south a little. Since the Three Kingdoms, Liang Wudi has been greatly civilized and developed, and then moved to the south (such as Wumang, Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan and Ming Dynasties), and all ethnic groups have merged. In addition, the land of fish and rice is rich in products, pleasant climate and beautiful scenery.
Question 6: What are the characteristics of Wu culture? 1. The spread of Wu and Yue culture.
The historical facts of wuyue can be found in the literature, starting from the Spring and Autumn Period. History books such as Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu all contain them. According to historical records, He Lv, King of Wu, was in Gusu, and Gou Jian, King of Yue, was in Huiji. However, before that, where was the cultural center of wuyue? Regarding Wuduguan, the literature records that Zhou Taibo went to Wu, first to Qiuci, and then to Suzhou, all between Suzhou and Wuxi, belonging to Taihu Lake area. However, we find that there are no obvious Shang and Zhou cultural factors in Suzhou and Wuxi, while a large number of Wu cultural relics formed by the combination of Zhou culture factors and local indigenous culture in the Western Zhou Dynasty have been found in the north bank of the Yangtze River in Ningzhen and some areas in Anhui. For example, Suojin Village in Nanjing and Tunxi in Anhui. This shows that the early activity center of Wu culture is not in Jiangsu and Wuxi in Taihu Lake basin, but in Ningzhen and Anhui.
From Wujin, Wuxi, Changshu, Suzhou, Wuxian and Yixing in southern Jiangsu, to Jiaxing, Huzhou, Deqing, Lin 'an and Yuhang in northern Zhejiang, and then to Xiaoshan, Zhuji, Cixi, Shaoxing, Shangyu and Yuyao in the south bank of Qiantang River, there are many stone houses, covering the period from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period. Archaeologists call it a tomb, a residence and a military fortress. No matter what its purpose is, there are such stone houses in this large area. Judging from the shape and unearthed objects, they should be cultural relics of the same nature. However, in Ningzhen area, where the remains of Wu culture are relatively dense, no such remains have been found. This shows that the boundary between Wu culture and Yue culture is very clear. Taihu Lake area belongs to the scope of Yue culture, while Ningzhen area is the center of Wu culture.
Second, the mutual infiltration of Wu and Yue cultures.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the territory of Wuyue culture was distinct. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the appearance of Wu culture in Ningzhen area changed obviously, and the factors of Wu culture in Taihu area also increased. These changes are reflected in the tombs. In the mound tombs in Ningzhen area, a large number of bronzes were unearthed in the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which were similar to those in the Central Plains, but in the Spring and Autumn Period, especially in the late Spring and Autumn Period, there were few bronzes. Although there were many porcelains in the tombs of the Spring and Autumn Period, there were few beans. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the cooking utensils were Wei, and in the Spring and Autumn Period, cauldrons and ding were the main ones, which were rarely seen. Judging from these changes, the Central Plains factor has obviously decreased, while the Vietnamese cultural factor has gradually increased and finally occupied a dominant position. This shows the infiltration and assimilation of Wu culture by Yue culture. Such a drastic change can only be caused by the Vietnamese invasion. This is consistent with the wuyue rebellion in the history books.
There are also traces of Wu culture in Taihu Lake area. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Wu began to enter Taihu Lake area and pushed eastward. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu occupied Suzhou and made it its capital. Archaeological findings show that bronze wares in Taihu Lake increased in the Spring and Autumn Period. It has been found in Wujin, Wuxi, Suzhou and Kunming in Taihu Lake area. These bronzes have the characteristics of Wu culture, and they are all in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Bronze ware, a valuable thing, is only used by nobles, and is often a symbol of the upper nobility. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, a large number of bronzes with the characteristics of Wu culture appeared in Taihu Lake, indicating that the rulers of Wu had entered the area at this time. When did Wu people take Gusu as their capital? Judging from the current archaeological findings, it should be in the late Spring and Autumn Period, possibly during the reign of He Lv, the king of Wu. Although Wu Dingdu stayed in Suzhou late. However, Wu and Yue cultures had already blended as early as the early Spring and Autumn Period. The founder of Wu culture should be Zhou people. Taber Ben Wu merged with the local aborigines, became barbarians, and formed the Wu culture. What is the descent of the local aborigines? According to the literature, it belongs to one of the tribes. They have conflicts with the neighboring Guyue people, and they are constantly fighting with each other. The result is, of course, the mutual infiltration of cultures. (Source: China Changjiang Culture Department)
Geographical space of Wuyue culture: mainly in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and a small part of Fujian and Jiangxi.
Wuyue culture, Shanghai culture, Wu culture, Yue culture.
Regardless of Wuyue culture, Shanghai culture or Yangtze River Delta culture, most people first pay attention to the grasp of its spatial concept. In this sense, the use of regional cultural concepts such as "Wu culture" and "Yue culture" needs to be accurate, and corresponding exquisite research is also needed. In the previous cultural studies, there was an understanding that Wu Yue culture was equivalent to Jiangsu and Zhejiang culture, and there was also a phenomenon that Wu Yue culture was separated from Shanghai culture. The reason is that they are bound by administrative divisions and ignore the identity of culture itself.
Looking back on the long process of historical development, "Wu culture" and "Yue culture" and "common customs" gradually influenced each other ...
Question 7: What are the famous Jiangnan towns in China? Wuzhen Tongli Zhouzhuang Nanxun Mudu Xitang.
Question 8: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where was the commercial center of Liang Wudi where there was paradise above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below? When it comes to Suzhou, people first think of beautiful scenery and the best gardens in the world. As we all know, outstanding talents are talented, and good landscapes naturally make talented people. Suzhou was an important commercial center in the south of the Yangtze River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Suzhou merchants, together with Huizhou merchants, Shanxi merchants, Zhejiang merchants and Guangdong merchants, are the famous "five big business gangs" in history, with a long history and a glorious past.
"Thinking about the source when you are rich, and thinking about progress when you are rich", Soviet businessmen have been working hard for a hundred years under Wu Di's culture and Tao Run, and have continuously precipitated rich business humanities. With the progress of the times, the culture of Soviet businessmen, which lasted for a hundred years, embodies the spirit of "patriotism, respect for businessmen and benefiting the people, openness, tolerance and pragmatic innovation" and shapes the image of new Soviet businessmen ~
Question 9: Where is the birthplace of Wu culture? There are different opinions about Wu culture, some say it is in Meicun, or another says it is in Wujin Yancheng, Changzhou, but I don't know where it is! Excuse me!
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