Fire Danger and Prevention in Kindergartens In recent years, it has become the consensus of most people to strengthen fire safety education for young children. But many teachers and parents are insensitive, unaware of the danger of fire and don't know where to start safety education. Therefore, it is necessary for us to find hidden dangers, understand the danger of fire, and formulate effective measures to nip in the bud.
First, correct thinking and fully understand the fire danger of kindergartens. Kindergarten is a paradise for children to gather, with many people, young age and poor self-help ability.
If there is no daily accumulated self-help knowledge, once a fire accident occurs, children will panic and collide with each other, and the consequences will be unimaginable. On June 5th, 20001year, a serious fire accident occurred in Nanchang Radio and Television Kindergarten because mosquito-repellent incense ignited bedding, and 13 children were buried in the sea of fire.
After the fire was put out, parents could hardly believe their eyes when they saw the child who was still alive and kicking turned into a cold and black body in just a few hours: Is this our child? But people have to face up to this cruel reality. This incident has attracted the attention of people from all walks of life in the country, and the fire prevention work in kindergartens, which has been neglected before, has been put on the current important agenda.
In kindergartens, teachers should not only do a good job in children's daily teaching and conservation, but also fully understand the fire hazards in kindergartens, improve children's sense of responsibility for fire prevention, enrich children's safety knowledge, and do a good job in children's safety protection and education. Kindergarten has modern teaching equipment, beautiful educational environment, luxurious interior decoration and colorful toys, but there are many accidents hidden in this beautiful shell.
It can be summarized as follows: the desks, chairs, benches, toy cabinets and beds used in kindergartens are all wooden products, toys are plastic products and paper products, bedding used for sleeping is flammable, and large toys are plastic tiles. Once they catch fire, the consequences are unimaginable; Children are more concentrated in class, and they are all children under 6 years old, and they have no ability to take care of themselves. When a fire breaks out, they are prone to panic, confusion and escape, which brings great difficulties to the rescue work. There are many appliances in kindergarten canteens and bathrooms, and grounding is the source of secondary disasters; With the progress of society, the conditions for running kindergartens are gradually improving. In order to increase their competitiveness, some kindergartens also use flammable materials to decorate their buildings privately, which increases the fire hazard of kindergartens. Curiosity and love are children's nature. Some children like to imitate adults to smoke, light and play with fire. Some children touch electrical appliances and imitate adults to start using them. If these fire sources and power sources are poorly managed and teachers and parents are not educated enough, fires or accidents will occur. Second, strengthen management and formulate effective fire prevention measures.
In view of the fire danger in kindergartens, effective preventive measures are taken to create a safe and comfortable learning environment for children and a "golden key" for self-help and escape, so that children can grow up healthily and happily. Establish and improve the organizational network and improve various systems.
Fiona Fang cannot live without rules. To do a good job in kindergarten fire prevention, we must first improve the inspection system of hidden dangers, the management system of fire and electricity, the maintenance system of fire-fighting equipment and the management system of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods. Establish a fire safety organization network with the director as the team leader, the deputy director as the deputy team leader and the nurses in each class as members.
Regularly check the hidden dangers of accidents in the team, take the problems found seriously, deal with them in time, and make detailed records. As the first responsible person, the director is fully responsible for formulating measures and publicizing fire prevention knowledge.
Each class is responsible for everyone, signing fire safety responsibility letters at different levels, educating the teaching staff in the whole park to strictly abide by them, clarifying their post responsibilities, enhancing their sense of responsibility, guiding children to save themselves and evacuate safely, and carrying out disaster prevention drills to minimize the occurrence of fires. Reasonable planning of pre-disaster emergency measures.
Improving the level of running a kindergarten and optimizing the educational environment is the direction of every developing kindergarten. However, in order to optimize the educational environment and decorate the interior of the kindergarten, it is necessary to comply with the relevant provisions of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration and adopt incombustible or flame retardant materials; Put an end to the use of aging wires and small horse-drawn carts to prevent the insulation performance of wires from decreasing and overload and short circuit; Flammable and explosive articles should be watched by special personnel and placed at a height beyond the reach of children; Teaching plastics, paper teaching AIDS, children's books and toys should be put in designated places after use.
Whether management measures are in place is a necessary condition to eliminate fire hazards and escape from fire. Kindergartens should formulate fire prevention plans according to the actual situation of the park and take effective measures to eliminate fire hazards.
In the kindergarten park, a special person should be appointed to manage the fire source and power supply. For children staying overnight, check whether the children carry kindling at least three times every morning, noon and evening. At the same time, teachers and staff should take care of their own kindling to prevent children from getting it. The kitchen, sundries warehouse and boiling water room in the kindergarten should be set separately from the kindergarten classroom. If they are adjacent, they shall be separated by non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit of not less than 1 hour.
The electrical wiring in kindergartens should be installed and managed by regular electricians, and the electrical wiring should be carefully inspected and maintained every month. (2) Be familiar with the environment and keep calm in times of crisis.
All teaching staff are required to be familiar with the terrain of the kindergarten, establish a safe location, and be familiar with the safe evacuation route, so that children can be evacuated quickly and safely in case of disaster; Strengthen contact with the superior disaster prevention leading group; Fire fighting equipment should be prepared for important parts, and each team should reserve water for emergencies; Meet the requirements that everyone can use fire-fighting equipment, put out initial fires and organize children to evacuate and escape. All faculty and staff study hard through safety knowledge education to improve their ability to deal with emergencies.
Grasp the self-help measures in disaster flexibly. (1) Keep calm and make clear the direction of the debate.
In case of sudden fire, teachers should first force themselves to remain calm and call 1 19 for first aid. Don't panic, blindly lead the children to follow the crowd, rush into the chaos and collide with each other, and pay attention to running to bright places or open places when evacuating.
2. Who can help me find the fire safety knowledge suitable for kindergarten children?
How about fire children's songs?
I'm glad the holiday is coming. Keep fire safety in mind.
Children, don't play with fire, don't let parents eat bitter fruit;
Don't turn on the electric fan blindly, and don't use it when your hands are wet;
Do not play with fire, do not move electricity, self-protection is the key;
At critical time,' 1 19', don't walk around to prevent fire.
Don't panic, don't mess, calm down and evacuate quickly.
Wet towel, cover your nose and mouth, and bend your head forward to the ground.
Escape, remember clearly, parents of children can rest assured.
You shoot, I shoot, don't hesitate in case of fire.
You shoot two, I shoot two, you have to get out of the fire.
You shoot three, I shoot three, and the site passage should be evacuated.
You clap four, I clap four, soak your clothes and wrap your body.
You clap five, I clap five, don't be greedy for money and things.
You shoot six times, I shoot six times, and you must bow your head through the smoke.
You clap seven, I clap seven, and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel.
You shoot eight, I shoot eight, call the police. Don't be afraid.
You shoot nine, I shoot nine, and the fire alarm number is 1 19.
You take ten, I take ten. The fire brigade put out the fire in time.
Children should join hands to strengthen their awareness of fire prevention.
I don't play with fire at home. Please help me if I find a cigarette.
Emergency number 1 19 Keep away from the fire source.
Don't be hasty when you find the fire. I am a little fireman.
In case of fire, don't panic.
Distinguish between fire and claim.
The oil pan burns without water,
Cover the pot with fire and put it out.
Pour clothes on the fire,
The appliance is on fire, unplug it,
Meanwhile, dial 1 19,
The fire officers and soldiers helped a lot.
3. Common sense of safety education on fire safety "children"
Fire safety 20
1. Parents and teachers should educate their children to form a good habit of not playing with fire. No unit may organize minors to put out fires.
Don't throw cigarette butts and kindling.
3. Flammable and combustible materials should not be used in interior decoration.
4. Fire hydrants are related to public safety. Don't damage, occupy or bury them.
5. Take good care of fire-fighting equipment and master the usage of common fire-fighting equipment.
6. Do not bring inflammable and explosive articles into public places or take public transportation.
7. Pay attention to the fire signs when entering public places, and remember the evacuation direction.
8. In any case, keep the evacuation passage clear.
9. Anyone who finds an act endangering public fire safety can report it to the public security fire department or the public security personnel on duty.
10. Pay special attention to domestic fire, and don't place flammable and combustible materials near the fire source.
L 1。 If there is gas leakage, close the valve quickly, open the doors and windows, and do not touch the electrical switch or use naked flame.
12. Worn and aging wires should be repaired and replaced in time.
13. If the circuit fuse (chip) is blown, do not replace it with copper wire or iron wire.
14. Can't overload electricity.
15. Call the police as soon as you find a fire.
16. People who know the fire situation should inform the firefighters of the people trapped in the fire and inflammable and explosive articles in time.
17. When a fire breaks out, evacuate quickly and don't be greedy for property.
18. When you have to escape through thick smoke, you should try to wrap your body with soaked clothes, cover your nose and mouth, and be close to the ground.
19. If there is a fire, you can roll on the spot or cover the fire with heavy clothes.
20. When the door is closed by fire and it is impossible to escape, you can block the crack of the door with soaked bedding and clothes, splash water to cool down and call for help.
4. What are the children's knowledge about fire safety?
Three-character classics of fire protection knowledge
The road of life is long, five thousand years of fire is accompanied by fire, and it is unintentional to send warmth.
Ignition conditions of disasters and fires Three combustible oxygen combustion-supporting ignition sources are closely connected.
Three-to-one fire extinguishing method has four points: one is cooling, the other is isolation, and the third is suffocation.
4. Restrain study more, exercise more, obey the law, and whoever is in charge is responsible.
Fire prevention system in place. Knowing the fire danger and reporting the fire, you will fully understand the prevention.
Take good measures, the fire extinguisher will master the fire extinguishing method skillfully, and extinguish the fire in the early stage.
When calling 1 1 9, be sure to make it clear where what is burning and where the fire is hanging.
The fire brigade at the intersection of police cars does not charge money. The inside story of adding fuel to the fire is changing
Timely guarantee on-site coordinated operations, control rescuers first, and then focus on the general.
On weekdays, I want to educate my children to be safe, not to play with fire, not to throw cigarette butts, and not to make a fire casually.
Use incombustible and incombustible materials to decorate the room, and build a new reconstruction approval office.
The fire spacing conforms to the specifications, and there is no damage, pressure occupation or burial.
Strictly control restricted public places, prohibit parking and going out, and pay attention to how to avoid fire signs.
Don't panic in case of situation. The fire road should be clear. Fire fighting concerns people's safety and danger.
Everyone should take care of the fire in life, and dangerous things should not be near the gas leakage valve.
Open doors and windows, prohibit heating wires and replace fuses with special copper-iron substitutes.
No insurance, no overload, use electricity to evacuate money and goods quickly, and don't be greedy.
Wear wet clothes, cover your nose and mouth with smoke, stick to the ground, catch fire, and turn over thick clothes.
Smothering, catching fire, sealing the door, escaping, not wetting the bedding, covering the door with cold water, and calling for help.
Always remember the lessons of fire fighting, remember the benefits of being alive, pay attention to fire prevention and ensure safety.
5. Kindergarten fire safety knowledge
Original publisher: Nan
The characteristics of kindergarten fire safety knowledge fire danger kindergarten are that children are young and have limited ability to respond, protect themselves and leave quickly in an emergency; Teachers and nurses are mostly women; Kindergarten interior decoration, equipment and children's toys are mostly flammable and combustible; Moreover, there are TV sets, refrigerators, electric fans, air conditioners and other electrical equipment, which is easy to overload electricity; The tables and chairs in the kindergarten restaurant are very crowded, and some have only one exit. In the event of a fire accident, it is difficult to evacuate and it is easy to cause heavy casualties. Let's talk about the "three meetings" of fire fighting (1). Article 32 of the Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "Anyone who finds a fire shall call the police immediately. Any unit or individual shall provide convenience for the alarm free of charge and shall not block the alarm. It is strictly forbidden to lie about the fire alarm. " When calling the "1 19" alarm, you should quickly, accurately, calmly and clearly explain the detailed address of the fire place (the name of the area, the street (road), the house number or the name of the fire unit and the obvious signs of the location, etc.). ), fire location, fire substance, fire size, name of alarm person and telephone number used. After the alarm, personnel should also be sent to meet and guide the fire truck to the fire scene quickly at the main intersection nearby. If there is no phone, try to inform people around you to call the police. In addition, don't turn off the phone after the alarm, so as to keep in touch with the fire department at any time. (2) Fire extinguishers and indoor fire hydrants can be used. When using portable dry powder fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire, first pull out the safety pin, hold the nozzle with one hand, lift the lifting ring (or handle) with the other hand, and press the pressing handle to spray. When putting out the oil fire on the ground, we should take a horizontal posture, swing left and right, and advance quickly from far to near. When putting out a solid fire, aim the nozzle at the place where the fire is fiercest, spray it from left to right, and spray the dry powder extinguishing agent evenly on the fire as far as possible.
6. Common sense of safety education on fire safety "children"
Fire safety 20
1. Parents and teachers should educate their children to form a good habit of not playing with fire. No unit may organize minors to put out fires.
Don't throw cigarette butts and kindling.
3. Flammable and combustible materials should not be used in interior decoration.
4. Fire hydrants are related to public safety. Don't damage, occupy or bury them.
5. Take good care of fire-fighting equipment and master the usage of common fire-fighting equipment.
6. Do not bring inflammable and explosive articles into public places or take public transportation.
7. Pay attention to the fire signs when entering public places, and remember the evacuation direction.
8. In any case, keep the evacuation passage clear.
9. Anyone who finds an act endangering public fire safety can report it to the public security fire department or the public security personnel on duty.
10. Pay special attention to domestic fire, and don't place flammable and combustible materials near the fire source.
L 1。 In case of gas leakage, close the valve quickly, open the doors and windows, and do not touch the electrical switch or use naked flame.
12. Worn and aging wires should be repaired and replaced in time.
13. Circuit insurance. Fire safety rules for 20-speed closing valve
1. Parents, stay close to the ground, occupy or bury pressure, do not touch the electrical switch and use naked flame, and use soaked bedding.
17. In case of fire, evacuate and escape quickly.
4. Fire hydrants are related to public safety. Don't damage them. You can report to the public security fire department or the public security personnel on duty.
6. Don't bring inflammable and explosive articles into public places.
2. Don't throw cigarette butts and kindling. Teachers should educate children to form a good habit of not playing with fire.
L 1。 Find gas leakage and master the use of common fire-fighting equipment.
8. In any case, keep the evacuation passage clear, call for help, and try to wrap your body in wet clothes.
13. The circuit fuse (chip) is blown.
15. Call l 19 if you find a fire, or cover the fire with heavy clothes. Don't use copper wire instead of public transport. No unit shall organize minors to put out fires and flammable materials.
12. Worn and aging wires should be repaired and replaced in time.
5. Take good care of fire fighting equipment, clothes, etc. Block the crack of the door and report the trapped people and inflammable and explosive articles to the firefighters in time.
10. Be careful of the fire in your life.
20. When the fire closes the door, you can't escape.
3. Flammable and combustible materials should not be used in interior decoration. Open doors and windows and cover your nose and mouth.
16. People who know the fire situation.
7. When entering public places, pay attention to the fire signs, splash water to cool down, and remember the evacuation direction.
9. Found that endanger public fire safety behavior, flammable items shall not be placed near the fire source.
18. When you have to escape through thick smoke, you can roll on the spot.
19. Don't be greedy for money when you are on fire.
14. Can't overload electricity.
7. What are the children's fire safety knowledge?
First, tell children not to play with fire and electrical equipment, or they will get hurt.
Second, teach children to know some fire signs, let them know what is a safe exit, what is the evacuation direction, what not to play in some places, what is dangerous goods and so on.
Third, teach children how to bend over and crawl forward and how to protect themselves.
Fourth, teach children how to call "1 19" and how to report the fire.
5. Tell children not to stay where there is a fire and what to do if there is a fire.
6. Tell children where to stay when they can't escape, how to let firefighters find out in time, and so on. We can also teach children more fire fighting knowledge according to their age levels.
8. What should I do if the kindergarten fire safety tips catch fire?
. Under normal circumstances, after a fire, alarm and fire fighting should be carried out at the same time. When calling the police, it is necessary to clarify the location of the fire point and explain what is the fire. After the alarm, arrange people to wait for the fire truck at the intersection to guide the fire truck. The fire brigade is free to put out the fire.
(2) scientific escape
Once you find it impossible to put out the fire, you should escape immediately. Escape should be scientific. Here are some scientific ways to escape:
L, rope self-help method
If you have a rope at home, you can tie one end to a door frame, window frame or heavy object and climb down along the other end. In the process of escape, your feet should twist and hold the rope, and your hands should climb down alternately. Your hands should be protected with gloves and towels.
2, crawling forward method
Because most of the smoke is concentrated in the upper space when the fire breaks out, try to keep your body close to the ground, crawl forward or bend over during the escape.
3, towel nose method
Fire smoke has the characteristics of high temperature and high toxicity. Once inhaled, it is easy to cause respiratory system burns or human poisoning. Therefore, when evacuating, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to cool down and filter.
4, quilt protection method
Wrap yourself in a quilt or blanket soaked in water, and after determining the escape route, drill directly through the fire at the fastest speed and rush to a safe area.
5. Blanket fire method
Nail or clip blankets and other fabrics on the door, and keep watering to cool down, so as to prevent the invasion of external flames and smoke, so as to achieve the purpose of restraining the spread of fire and increasing the escape time.
6. Single knot method
Tear sheets, quilts or curtains into strips and twist them into twists, and climb down the outer wall by rope escape.
7. Jump off a building to survive
Don't jump off a building easily when it is on fire! As a last resort, residents living in low-rise buildings can escape by jumping off a building, but they should choose the lower ground as the landing point and throw Simmons mattresses, sofa cushions and thick quilts as buffers.
8, pipeline sliding method
When there are vertical pipelines such as drainage pipes, telephone poles and lightning rod leads on the external wall or balcony of a building, they can be used to slide down the ground as soon as possible. At the same time, it should be noted that the number of people sliding down at a time should not be too large, so as to prevent people from falling due to pipeline damage during escape.
9. Bamboo insertion method
Insert the sturdy clothes drying rod directly from the balcony or windowsill obliquely on the outdoor ground or lower platform, and then slide down along the rod after both ends are fixed.
10, climbing to avoid fire
Climb the balcony, the outer edge of the window and the scaffolding, awning and other protrusions around the building to avoid the fire.
1l, staircase transfer method
When the fire spreads rapidly from bottom to top and the stairs are closed, residents living in the upper half floor can quickly climb to the roof through the skylight and transfer to the stairs of another house or unit for evacuation.
12, toilet refuge law
When there is really no way out, you can take refuge in the bathroom, plug the door with a towel, splash water on the ground to cool down, or lie in a bathtub full of water to escape. But don't get under the bed, attic, cupboard and other places to take refuge, because there are many combustibles in these places, which are easy to gather smoke.
13, fire distress law
In case of fire, you can shout for help, knock on metal objects or throw soft objects at windows, balconies or roofs. Wave bright cloth to send a distress signal during the day, and wave flashlight or white cloth at night to attract the attention of rescuers.
14, upwind evacuation method
The evacuation direction should be determined according to the wind direction when the fire occurs, and quickly escape to the windward of the fire to avoid flames and smoke.
15, take the "bridge" escape method
Can be used for balconies, window sills, roof platforms, etc. Using relatively strong objects, such as wooden boards and bamboo poles, can be used as a springboard to transition to a relatively safe area.