(1) Prepare in advance and make an observation plan.

First of all, we should have a general understanding of the observed object, then determine the purpose, content and focus of observation according to the characteristics of the task and the studied object, and finally make the whole observation plan, determine the steps, times and time of observation, and record the papers, forms and instruments used.

(2) Carry out actual observation as planned.

In the process of observation, it is generally necessary to strictly follow the plan, improvise when necessary, choose the most suitable position during observation, concentrate and make records in time.

(3) Organize data in time.

Summarize a large number of scattered data, delete the wrong data, and then analyze the typical data. If there is any omission, it will be supplemented in time, and the data reflecting special circumstances will be processed separately.