Malinqiao Town, Dongxiang County, Changsha is located in the northeast of Changsha, about 50 kilometers away from the urban area. This place is hard to find from the national map, and only provincial maps have its location.
The Relationship between Malin Bridge and Changsha City
Although Malin Bridge is not too long, merchants have gathered since ancient times. It is the center of both sides of Malin River, radiating the surrounding villages and towns, and has the reputation of "Little Changsha".
The town is surrounded by water on three sides, with only two or three square kilometers around. Malin River flows from the town east, and four streams flow into Malin River from west to east, then flow westward to yangsi Temple (namely Guoyuan Township, Changsha County) which is more than 30 miles away from the town, then flow into Liuyang River, and finally flow into Xiangjiang River. The earth walls around the town surround the river, and there is a fence made of chicken tail bamboo on the bank. There are many kinds of trees along the river, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Mulberry, Cypress, Camellia oleifera and Melia azedarach. Looking from a distance, the surroundings are lush.
Malin Bridge was originally named "Manren Bridge"
Malinqiao Old Shadow Source/Chen Xianshu
Malinqiao was called one town, seven bridges, eight temples, one bay and one villa in ancient times. One town is Malin Ancient Town; Seven bridges, namely Malin Bridge, Zhuhua Bridge, Qian Miao Bridge, Babaiqiao Street, Xijiekou Double Bridge and Backstreet Arch Bridge; Eight _ namely Yu Jia _, Lujia _, Yingshan _, Shuikou _, Chen Jia _, _ Wu Li, Jia Peng _; One Bay and One Villa is Yu Xia Villa in Dawuwan, and there are two temples: Baima Temple and Sugong Temple.
Malin Bridge has a long history, and the Qing Jiaqing's Changsha County Records contained "Malin Bridge, 80 miles northeast of the city". "Place Names of Changsha County, Hunan Province" says: Malin Bridge is extremely inconvenient because of disrepair. According to legend, a strong man carried granite by hand and built it on a bridge, which is called Man Zi Bridge. Later it was wrongly called Marin Bridge.
Malinqiao is located in the hilly area at the southern foot of Zhu Ying in northeast Hunan. Since ancient times, there has been such a saying: Zhu Ying stands on the bank of Xiangjiang River, in the south of Dongting Lake in 800 miles, independent of the northeast of Yuelu Peak. Malin Bridge was born in the east of Baishi Mountain in the middle section of Changyue Ancient Road, with Liuyang River upstream, the embankment where four tributaries meet, and the fertile soil between flowing water and separated streams. Since Zhang Zhidong developed Huguang in Qing Dynasty, agriculture in this area has been developed, with increasingly rich products and developed trade.
According to historians, most of the villagers here migrated from the north and Jiangxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There is little difference between Malinqiao dialect and Changsha dialect. The only distinctive feature is the difference between the two words: one is the negative word "no", which is "um" in Malinqiao dialect, and the other is the structural auxiliary word "de".
"De" is "Hiccup" in Malin dialect. For example, if you ask Marlin where he is from, he will definitely say "I am Marlin Hiccup", but if you say he is from Changsha, he will definitely answer "Well, it is Hiccup", that is, "I am not from Changsha". Therefore, the characteristics of Malin dialect are between affirmation and negation. Mastering "Shi Hip" and "Shi Hip" means mastering the dialect slang of Malinqiao.
The only place for the older generation to enter the city.
Photo courtesy of Malinqiao author today
It is only seven or eight kilometers to the east from Changliu and Changping Highway, and only over one hundred kilometers to the north from Yueyang, a major town in northern Hunan. It is the crossroads of Changyue Ancient Road and the only land passage from Changsha to Yueyang.
In 1930s and 1940s, before the expressway was completed, you could only walk to Changsha. When the older generation entered the city (Changsha), they always went west from Malinqiao, passed through Qingshanpu, Tangtian Temple, went up Changyue Ancient Road (today's 107 National Road), then went south through Kuzhuao, Ansha and Shuidu to Hongshan Temple, crossed the river through Blackstone, and then passed through Deya Village, Simaochong and Yanwachi, and entered Changsha. It usually takes a day to walk the 100 miles to the city.
1944, my family moved from Malinqiao to Changsha. It was my uncle who pushed simple bedding and pots and pans with a dirt bike (that is, a unicycle in the south) and the family walked into the city. During the flood season, the goods were exchanged with Changsha by placing bamboo rafts.
This area has beautiful mountains and rivers, lush bamboo forests, fragrant flowers in Lin Jing, criss-crossing river networks and thousands of layers of rice. With the natural conditions of drought and flood, it is the land of fish and rice in eastern Hunan. 1968, educated youth from rural areas to Malinqiao area, where the salary of each labor force can reach about one yuan, which is not much better than the salary of a few cents a day in remote areas.
Since the reform and opening up, there have been several long-distance passenger buses and buses going back and forth between Xingsha Town and Changsha City in Changsha County every day. Now there are buses in Changsha county, which shuttle back and forth and the traffic is very convenient.
"Little Changsha in East Hunan" —— Malinqiao Ancient Town
Old Shadow Source of Malinqiao Old Street/Chen Xianshu
In the ancient town of Malinqiao in 1950s, the southern food and pastry workshops of Hengtai, Zheng Tai and Gantai were the economic pillars. There are dozens of shops such as Li Hongzhang Stationery, Ye Hengxing Tofu Shop, Tuxinfu Socks Factory, Yuanyuan Restaurant, various department stores such as ready-made clothes and grocery dyeing shops, and high-profit shops (that is, private banks). Its southern food and non-staple food are most famous for Malin Xiaohua potato chips and Malin tofu. Marin floret chips are thin, crisp and fragrant, and tofu is characterized by delicate, tender and original bean flavor.
For decades, every time I went back to my hometown to worship my ancestors and return to the city, I always forgot to bring these two specialties. But these two majors have also disappeared in recent years. I asked the residents in the town that the original profit was too low to make money, so the employees quit their jobs and went to work in the provincial capital, earning two or three hundred a day. The tide of commodity economy always destroys traditional industries.
Two specialties of Malin ancient town: small flower slices and Malin tofu.
There is Su Gong Temple in the west of the town, and Chen Ancestral Hall in the town, which is our Chen family ancestral hall. Zhenxitou Street is a Catholic church and the product of imperialist cultural aggression. Not anymore.
Photo courtesy of the author of Gong Li Temple rebuilt in recent years
There is a school at the mouth of Dongtouhekou Town called "Rixin Primary School". Across the river from Gong Li Temple, the school building is a square courtyard with Cao Ping in the middle. Trees are planted around the school building, which is lush all year round. The Marin River passes through both sides of the school.
Rixin Primary School is a well-known primary school run by Dongxiang, Changsha County. At that time, the school had a strong faculty, and the principal was Mr. Yang Zijing, the director of Hunan Education Department and a famous educator. The school was founded in the early years of the Republic of China and merged into Guangfu 'an Central Primary School after liberation.
The prosperity of Malin ancient town in the past made it a famous town in eastern Hunan, so it is called "Little Changsha in eastern Hunan". Temple fairs are held here every spring and autumn, which is also the most active period of the farmers' market. Every temple fair lasts for ten and a half months from the beginning to the end, and there are tens of thousands of people coming from all directions to attend the temple fair every year.
The Malin Bridge in the ancient town has another feature in topography. Except for water, all three sides are farmland. According to the older generation, the ancient town is in _, surrounded by thousands of acres of Dalong, and the land is full of stable and high-yield farmland. Before liberation, all the fields in Dalong were owned by Zhu Cehuang and Liang.
Malin Hot Springs Create "Longevity Village"
Chen Xianshu Malin Hot Spring Tuyuan
There is a hot spring tens of meters north of the ancient town, which gurgles out of the ground. It is said that this hot spring was discovered in the late Qing Dynasty, because there was a landslide near Malinqiao, which was steaming and bubbling with water. Every winter, the surrounding heat wave blows and the fog rolls.
The unexpected discovery of hot springs delighted local people, and soaking feet in hot springs has gradually become a kind of enjoyment for local people. Over time, it has become an enviable "longevity village", and few people suffer from diseases such as skin diseases, stones and cancer.
According to the Records of Changsha compiled in 2004, Malin Hot Spring is located in Malinqiao Township, Changsha County, with three hot springs. Bubbles overflow endlessly, and you can smell sulfur. The water temperature is 29-32, and the flow rate is 0. 138-0. 139 L/s, which is proved by drilling 1986. The underground water temperature is 36, and the daily spontaneous flow rate is 300 cubic meters. It contains hydrogen sulfide, silicic acid, fluorine, radon, strontium, lithium and other trace elements. The salinity is 0.42 g/L, the hydrochemical types are bicarbonate and sodium sulfate, and the mine water is named fluorosilicic acid and low-temperature fresh water containing hydrogen sulfide, which mainly meets the index requirements of medical mineral water.
At present, Malin Hot Spring has become a tourist attraction. The local government has planned the hot springs and regarded this resource as an important project to attract investment, trying to build another tourist and leisure resort in Changsha County.
One of the cradles of the Great Revolution.
Malinqiao area was once one of the birthplaces of autumn harvest riots and Pingjiang uprisings in eastern Hunan during the Great Revolution in the 1920s and 1930s. It is also the place where the revolutionary and counter-revolutionary struggles are the fiercest. It was the main activity place of District 9 Farmers' Association in Changsha County, led by China, during the period of Soviet government, and a number of heroes of Sanxiang emerged.
Our party's main workers in eastern Hunan, former Minister of Logistics Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and President of Academy of Social Sciences, Liu Keguang and Li Yong, secretaries of the nine districts of Changsha County, and Fu Guangxiang in the history of Hunan labor movement, all engaged in revolutionary activities in this area.
After the failure of the Great Revolution, Liu Keguang was arrested and died heroically on the sandbar under the bamboo slip bridge of Malin River. The old people here still remember the revolutionary struggle in full swing during the Great Revolution, which shed tears for the heroic sacrifice of Comrade Liu Keguang, secretary of the district party committee.
Among these heroes of Sanxiang, Li Yong, vice chairman of the Soviet area in Xiangdong Township, and Fu Guangxiang, chairman of the Changsha Dyeing and Weaving Union, are the most familiar revolutionary ancestors in our family.
Li Yong, the ancestor of Malinqiao Revolution
Mr. Li Yong, whose real name is Li, was born around 1893. His family ranks third, and the locals call him Master Zhao Fan. Mr. Li Yong was an artist when he was young, and he studied tailoring. Locals also call him Li San tailor. The relationship between our family and Mr. Li Yong's family is not only a neighbor relationship, but also a tenancy relationship.
Mr. Li Yong's home is on a hillside about one kilometer north of Malin Ancient Town, which is called Changpo, and the descendants of the Li family have lived here for generations. Their ancestors were relatively well-off and wealthy families in the late Qing Dynasty, and the whole ten acres of paddy fields on the long slope and the Woods behind the house were the property of the Li family.
Mr Li Yong, a revolutionary martyr, was born and lived in Changpo, Malinqiao. Photo courtesy of the author
From the Li family to Mr. Li Yong's generation, the family began to decline because of the years of warlord melee, the situation was turbulent, the people were struggling.
Mr. Li Yong's family has two properties, which are only 100 meters apart. This one in the west is relatively large, divided into two upper and lower buildings and a dozen houses, where two brothers, Li Yong, live. The property on the east side is small, and it is a seven-bedroom house structure. It is the tomb of the Li family, that is, the house where rich people hire long-term workers to take care of farm work in the fields and ancestral graves on the hills behind the house, and long-term workers live. My mother's house is rented in Mr Li Yong's grave.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the workers' and peasants' movements surged. Mr. Li Yong bravely joined the revolutionary movement and was elected as the vice chairman of the township Soviet (then chairman was Liu Keguang) and the secretary general of the Changsha County Farmers Association. After the failure of the Great Revolution, Liu Keguang was arrested and sacrificed, and Mr. Li Yong was wanted. He secretly went to Jinggangshan on the border of Hunan and Guangxi to find Mao Zedong's revolutionary team.
The night before Mr. Li Yong left, in order to avoid the enemy's pursuit, he stayed at my mother's house, and was sent out by my grandmother before dawn until the back of the house on Houshan Road. At that time, I left a big piece of red cloth and many propaganda slogans at my mother's house.
Since then, Mr Li Yong has never been back to his hometown of Malingqiao Changpo. He changed his name to Li Yong. During the Long March of the Red Army, Mr. Li Yong served as the battalion commander. It is said that he later died in the Long March and dedicated his life to the liberation of the people of China.
After liberation, Mr. Li Yong's widow Li San, his sons Li Zhengmin and Li Zhimin were all martyrs' families. Up to now, the list and brief introduction of Mr. Li Yong are still preserved in the Martyrs Memorial Tower of Hunan Martyrs Park.
Fu Guangxiang, the ancestor of Malinqiao Revolution
Another revolutionary ancestor was Mr. Fu Guangxiang of Yu Jiaxin Mansion. In the northeast corner of Malin ancient town, there is a residential building in the late Qing Dynasty, which is Yuxia Mountain Villa. Locals call it Yoga Yu Xinwu, also called Broom Temple. Because this residential village really has a broom temple.
This land is divided into upper house and lower house. The upper house is called Yu Jia's new residence, alias Xiashan Villa, and the lower house is called Broom Temple, commonly known as Temple Bend. Judging from the meaning of the name, the broom temple can be regarded as the working class. There are more than 1000 houses up and down, connected together. It is a famous big house in this area, but there are many vacant rooms all the year round, and no one lives there. This house is close to the ancient town of Malin, and shopping is very convenient.
The place where Mr. Fu Guangxiang was born and lived in the history of Hunan Labor Movement-Photo courtesy of his new home.
During the period of warlords' scuffle, Yu Jia's new house was the only place to travel from south to north. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, it was the barracks of a battalion of the Kuomintang Army Leiyang, and it was also one of the main battlefields of the Sino-Japanese war in northern Hunan.
The house is surrounded by mountains and waters, with the west facing east. Not far from the gate, there is a stream flowing from west to east. There are lush forests on the hill behind the house, mostly maple and camphor trees, surrounded by patches of bamboo forests. In autumn, at first glance, the maple leaves are red and the forest is dyed. The sun sets, and the afterglow of the setting sun shines over the villa. Smoke billows from the roof, birds return to their nests, and birds sing at night, showing a unique mountain style, hence the name "Yuxia Mountain Villa".
Malinqiao's Anti-Japanese War Years
Photo courtesy of Zhu Yingshan.
Malinqiao area has always been a strategic place, close to Changyue Ancient Road and backed by Yingzhu Mountain in Changsha County, which is a battleground for military strategists. Changsha fought from 1939 to 1944 in the Fourth World War. In the first six years, the Japanese attack route has been the second line of defense from Xinwanghe in Yueyang to Qingshanpu, Malinqiao and Jinjing, and then the third line of defense from here to Laodao River and Dongtundu in Changsha, the provincial capital. Therefore, almost all the villagers in Malinqiao area lived in panic and misery for six years.
As a strategic place in depth, on the day of the war, Japanese devils who went south swept through Malinqiao countryside several times, burning, killing, looting and raping women, leaving bitter memories and deep hatred for their hometown folks. An uncle in his hometown was in his twenties. After the Japanese entered the village, he was taken as a porter. After arriving at the destination, he gathered all the arrested young husbands in a village hall and shot them all with machine guns.
My grandfather died in the 1940s. According to my grandmother's memory, he was in the "marching soldier" period of the third Changsha Battle when he died. After his funeral, the tomb of the cemetery had just been erected, and the whipped devil entered the village. Those who helped quickly evacuated and hid in the nearby mountains. A family in a neighboring village is also holding a funeral. When they saw the Japanese entering the village, they quickly hid in the mountains. The Japanese opened the coffin of the deceased, pulled the deceased out and turned the coffin upside down.
The vicious Japanese devils made Malinqiao miserable, and even the dead were restless. I'm afraid this memory will not be forgotten for generations. According to the General History of Changsha County, during the Anti-Japanese War, there were 145239 civilians killed or injured by the Japanese army in Changsha County, including 3359 deaths.
In view of the brutality of the Japanese invaders, the people in Malinqiao area rose up under the leadership of the Party and fought bravely against the enemy. In the four Changsha battles, the 15-year-old boy of Malinqiao lurked in the bushes during the day and killed three Japanese troops at night, but 1 was captured alive. A team of Japanese cavalry escaped from Mopan Island, Malinqiao, and were ambushed by local farmers and killed with hoes and wooden sticks.
On the front line, Zhuying Mountain in Changsha County, which is less than 10 km away from Malin ancient town, left many historical sites of Changsha Battle, including battle fortifications, wartime command posts, tombs of fallen soldiers and so on. Yingzhu Mountain, Changsha County, is adjacent to Qingshanpu and Malinqiao in the south, Jinjing and Gao Qiao in the east, the former site of Bishi in Miluo in the west and Kaihui in the north, covering an area of 27 square kilometers. It is not only a place where Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism coexist and prosper, but also a place where national heroes resist aggression and a mountain of heroes. There is a folk song in Changsha: Zhu Yingshan is three feet high. People should bow their heads and horses should unload their saddles. The main peak of Zhu Ying is 509 meters high, with more than 70 peaks and canyons. The terrain is dangerous and it is a battleground for military strategists.
During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Changsha soldiers and civilians stopped the invading enemy in Zhuying Mountain and wiped out the Japanese invaders in Zhuying Mountain. 1942 1 month, the Japanese Sixth Division, which had participated in the Nanjing Massacre, was routed from Changsha to the north, and China soldiers and civilians stubbornly held the Zhu Ying Pass, so the Japanese army deployed elite soldiers from the Ninth HunChengLv to form a "Yamazaki Brigade" to attack the Zhu Yingshan command post.
654381in the early morning of October 9, the fighting started. After hand-to-hand combat from 4 am to 6 am, China army wiped out the death squads in Yaozipo, Zhuyingshan with tenacious fighting spirit. At the end of the battle, 480 sacrificed anti-Japanese soldiers were carried to the top of Zhu Ying for burial, and a tombstone of "195 Tomb of Soldiers Killed in the Battle of North Hunan" was built. The inscription on the tablet couplet reads: The hero's soul blocked Changsha accordingly, and the enemy never left a piece of armor. Such heroism shows that a nation is not afraid of sacrifice and indomitable.
Photo courtesy of the author of the tomb of the fallen soldiers in Zhu Ying
On the long slope of Malinqiao, Mr. Yu He, an ancient and rare old man, climbed to the foot of Zhu Ying Mountain and visited the old anti-Japanese battlefield. Deeply moved, he wrote a four-character poem with deep affection: "The majestic Zhu Ying is famous since ancient times, with towering peaks and ravines. The first Castle Peak stands in Fu Lin, with great momentum, standing in the east of Hunan. 1942, the Japanese invaders invaded, and the military and civilians rose up to fight. The brave are fearless and vowed to severely punish the stubborn murderer, the strong man wyndell dichinson, the Japanese invaders. " Enthusiasm eulogized the national spirit of the anti-Japanese war soldiers.
Trenches on Mount Zhu Ying and fortifications in Shi Lei are clearly visible. Photo courtesy of the author
postscript
In 1980s, in order to adapt to the economic and social development of reform and opening up, Malinqiao moved the ancient town of Malinqiao to the depression about one kilometer to the south. There used to be a grain depot here, which is very close to X026 county road and has a wide area. It can be developed along the road and there is room for further development. After decades of development, Malinqiao Town has taken on a new look. Now all kinds of shops, large supermarkets, oil depots, hotels and restaurants have been built in the town. And it is like a lively small county.
Photo courtesy of Malin Bridge moving south to Xinshe Street in Australia
At the same time, the old city has also been upgraded, trying to restore the face of the old city to satisfy the nostalgia of modern people. The relocation of the old city to Austria in the south provided new space for its development, but it also cut off the original historical development. The older generation of Malinqiao people still miss the appearance of the old city and the years of wandering in the small streets of that old city. The development and construction of small towns in China is facing a new historical era.