On the fairness of educational resources distribution: the imbalance of urban and rural educational resources distribution has become a major problem that must be solved to realize a harmonious society and build a well-off society in an all-round way. How to optimize the allocation of urban and rural educational resources is the fundamental way to solve rural problems. Vigorously developing rural education and promoting the balanced development of urban and rural education have become the common voice of the whole society. At present, the unbalanced distribution of educational resources in urban and rural areas in China is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) the unbalanced conditions for running schools; (2) The imbalance of teachers' resources. Due to the unbalanced economic and social development between regions in China and the long-term influence of the dual structure between urban and rural areas, there are still huge regional differences, urban-rural differences and inter-school differences in resource allocation (quality of teachers, quality of students, funding input, etc.). ) and quality level (quality of education and teaching). In particular, the state's investment in education has always been a key issue that directly restricts the sustainable development of rural education. The state's investment in urban and rural education is seriously unbalanced, which leads to the overburdening of local governments and individual farmers, the lack of rural education infrastructure and teacher resources, and the low enrollment rate. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the allocation of urban and rural educational resources from the aspects of concept, resource reorganization and overall operation mechanism, as follows: (1) To update the concept, we must first fully realize the seriousness of the shortage of rural educational resources and the serious imbalance in the allocation of urban and rural educational resources, and it is urgent to solve the problem of rural education. The key to building a well-off society in an all-round way lies in the countryside; The coordinated development of urban and rural areas is relatively weak in rural areas. Education is the "cornerstone of modern civilization" and the prerequisite for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. (2) Resource Reorganization The traditional one-way linear allocation model of rural educational resources has not met the needs of the development of the situation. . The resources that can be used and explored in rural education can be roughly divided into three parts: the resources provided by the government education administrative department and local relevant departments due to demand, the resources that need to be actively invested in the national policy inclination or strategic development, and the unofficial resources that integrate social (including individual) forces. The comprehensive and sustainable development of rural education needs the enthusiasm of the state and local governments, the collaborative investment of the government and social enterprises, the extensive participation of the whole society and the active dedication of individuals. Therefore, there is a problem of how to integrate the three parts of resources and how to make rational use of them so that the sum of the parts is greater than the sum of the whole. (3) To coordinate the operation, adhere to the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and promote the all-round progress of social undertakings, a relatively perfect modern national education system must be established. Therefore, in the process of operation, first of all, the central and local governments should continue to increase investment in rural education. Secondly, local governments should make use of their own resource advantages, explore and utilize local educational resources, formulate preferential policies, encourage and support various forms of learning, and tilt their policies to areas with poor economy or weak education in the region. It is necessary to further improve and develop the management system of "the State Council leads, local governments are responsible, hierarchical management, and counties are the mainstay". Giving every child the opportunity to receive a good education is an inevitable requirement for compulsory education to truly achieve equality, popularization and inclusiveness. Reforming rural education plays a very important role in building a modern national education system with China characteristics and building a learning society. It is of great significance to let farmers and their children have the opportunity to receive a good education, realize educational equity and reflect social justice. Therefore, it is necessary to run rural education well and realize the optimal allocation of urban and rural educational resources.