From September 23 to 27 of the same year, the Ministry of Education and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions jointly held a national symposium on illiteracy eradication in Beijing.
The meeting discussed the report of Qian Junrui, Vice Minister of Education, on the policy of literacy campaign.
Participants agreed that eradicating illiteracy among the broad masses of working people and cadres of workers and peasants is a necessary condition for China's economic and democratic construction and an urgent requirement of the working people throughout the country.
The meeting pointed out that it is an urgent and important political task to carry out the literacy campaign. Leaders at all levels should lead this historic movement in the spirit of leading previous revolutionary movements, and must make plans to basically eliminate illiteracy nationwide in the next five years to 10.
At the same time, the meeting also pointed out: in order to prevent and overcome the phenomena of "falling into life" and "coming back to life" and the deviation of rushing too fast, it is necessary to clarify the standards for eliminating illiteracy, first make illiterate people literate, and then seek their consolidation.
The standard of eliminating illiteracy is to enable illiterate and semi-illiterate people to know about 2,000 words, read popular books and newspapers and write short articles of 300 to 500 words.
After two months' efforts by students and all school-running personnel, the learning effect has been greatly improved. Every girl has a literacy rate of over 90% and can dictate over 70%. Zhang Yingzhi and many other students can not only write letters, but also make a simple family plan.
14 The female team leader can't read. She can not only fill in the form with confidence, but also write the work assigned by the meeting into a simple outline. Girls who have 16 literacy graduation and subscribed to newspapers.
They were all very happy and said, "We are not blind."
Since organizing women's study, Wang Shoufeng has often conducted political education. Through formal education, the women's work in this village has really changed. Women who used to work were only a few young people. Since then, more than 320 women have often participated in production; Women's conferences have been held before, but progress has been slow. Now, more than 170 people attend the meeting in a short time. In the past, the five major families, including Zhang Jiane, were disunited. After studying, they understood things and now they have become a harmonious family. In the past, Wang Yuzhen often fought with his neighbors, but now everything is getting better; In the past, it was impossible to finish a job in a few days. Now, as long as there is work, it will blossom in all directions and be completed soon.
After the patriotic health campaign, many women, like gay men, worked hard for three days and nights, renovating streets and cleaning every household.
Female cadres have said, "From the beginning of study, women's work in our village is really easy to do."
Everyone also said, "Who doesn't want to learn from Rainbow's life style with a leading cadre? Who can't learn? I am not afraid of any work in the future. "
Through the efforts of Rainbow, a grass-roots worker, the rural literacy movement has shown a gratifying new atmosphere.
1952165438+1October 15 The 19th meeting of the Central People's Government Committee decided to set up a national committee to eradicate illiteracy, and appointed Chu Tunan as its chairman and Chang Li, Lin Handa and Qi Jianhua as its vice-chairmen.
In 1952, 208 workers in China participated in literacy research. Ten thousand people, accounting for 69.9% of the total number of employees participating in the study,12.56 million people are illiterate.
The literacy campaign has made great achievements, but at the same time, there is an aggressive prejudice that ignores quality.
1953 65438+1October 13-24, the State Council culture and education commission held a meeting of directors of culture and education committees in major administrative regions in Beijing, and put forward1953 culture and education work policy: rectify and consolidate, focus on development, improve quality and make steady progress.
At the same time, it is pointed out that literacy work is a bit rash after the autumn of 1952, because literacy is too simple. Literacy is a long-term and complicated task, not three to five years, but 10 years or even longer.
In February of the same year, the National Literacy Working Committee held the first national literacy conference in Beijing.
The meeting affirmed the achievements of literacy cooperation, but also pointed out that: generally speaking, the leaders overemphasized the role of the "fast literacy law", and the plans and stalls were spread too much, forming a blind and aggressive bias.
The meeting studied the formulaic, demanding and urgent problems in the teaching of "Accelerated Literacy Method", and held that if the "Accelerated Literacy Method" is flexibly applied according to local characteristics and certain conditions, it can still achieve good results without mechanically copying the experience of the army.
In view of the deviation in the work, the meeting put forward the policy of "rectifying and consolidating, making steady progress" and demanded that the literacy work should be on the right track and carried out normally.
On April 9th, 1953, People's Daily published an editorial entitled "Illiteracy must be rectified".
On June 5th, the Ministry of Education held the second educational work conference in Beijing, and Minister Zhang Xiruo pointed out in his report:
Amateur education for workers and peasants should focus on rectification and consolidation, and generally not develop.
In this way, all localities actively use the advantages of the "accelerated literacy method" to improve teaching methods, consolidate while teaching, and improve the quality of literacy.
1953 has made more remarkable achievements in literacy education.
1953 On September 6, Guo Moruo gave a report on cultural and educational work at the 27th meeting of the Central People's Government Committee.
The report confirmed that there were 304 employees who participated in the research all the year round from 65438 to 0953. 80,000 people, accounting for 54 or 9% of the total number of registered employees. 350,000 to 70,000 people are illiterate.
1953165438+1On October 24th, the Notice on Literacy Standards for Literacy Classes and Interim Measures for Graduation Examination issued by the Central Literacy Working Committee gave more specific guidance to literacy work.
In this Notice on the Interim Measures for Literacy Standards and Graduation Examination of Literacy Classes, the literacy objectives are classified for the first time, and the literacy requirements are also differentiated according to different objectives.
For example, cadres and factory workers are required to have a literacy of 2,000 words, be able to read general books and newspapers, and be able to write 200 to 300 words of practical writing.
In addition, the literacy requirement of urban workers and citizens is 1500 words, and other standards are the same as those of cadres and factory workers.
At the same time that the country has completed the socialist transformation, the education in Jiang and Zhang counties of Gansu Province has also completed the transition from new-democratic education to socialist education. Most teachers have become people's teachers through the political and ideological reform movement, the teaching order of the school has been well maintained, and the education and teaching work has been carried out smoothly.
With the development of industrial and agricultural production, the introduction of Soviet education system and the popularization of teaching methods, all kinds of education are full of vitality, and education develops steadily in stability.
In addition to basic education, literacy education and workers' education in urban and rural areas of Jiang and Zhang counties reached their climax in 1950 and 1953 respectively, which effectively promoted the improvement of workers' cultural level.
With the expectation and support of the broad masses of the people, the education in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province has developed from a single and low-level basic education to an education system with high popularization of basic education and coordinated development of all kinds of education.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Rugao county government conscientiously implemented the party's general policy of "opening schools to the broad masses of workers and peasants", focusing on the popularization of primary and secondary schools on the one hand and "literacy" on the other.
By the end of 1950s, preschool education and basic education had developed rapidly. In the early 1950s, Rugao Commercial System and Rugao Town set up some staff schools for the purpose of improving the quality of their own units and staff.
With the strong support and promotion of governments at all levels and relevant departments, the cultural level of employees has been greatly improved, thus effectively promoting the development of new China's economic construction.