1905, Zhu Kezhen, age 15, studying in Shanghai City Middle School. His classmate Hu Shi 14 years old. Both of them like reading, but Zhu Kezhen is weak because he studies too hard. Hu Shi pointed to Zhu Kezhen and said to people, "People like him will not live beyond twenty years old." Unexpectedly, Zhu Kezhen lived longer than he did, and became a "master with both meteorology and geography" in China. He founded the first Department of Geology and Meteorological College in China, trained pioneers of geography such as Zhang Qiyun and Hu Huanyong, and served as the president of Zhejiang University for thirteen years.
After leaving the school in the city, Zhu Kezhen was admitted to Fudan University in Shanghai, and Hu Shi was admitted to Chinese Academy in Shanghai. 19 10 went to Beijing in August to take the second selection examination for students studying in the United States at public expense. At that time, more than 400 people were tested and 70 people were admitted. Zhu Kezhen ranked 28th and Hu Shi ranked 55th. When they were studying in the United States, they all began to learn agronomy. Zhu Kezhen first studied at the Agricultural College of the University of Illinois. 19 13 After graduating in the summer, I transferred to the Geography Department of Harvard College, majoring in meteorology. 19 18 obtained a doctorate and applied to teach in Wuchang Normal University in China.
At Wuchang Normal University, most of the students came from Hubei and Hunan, and they could hardly understand Zhu Kezhen's Shaoxing accent, so they had to learn Zhu Kezhen's courses through handouts. To this end, Zhu Kezhen spent a lot of precious time carving handouts. In addition, most of the teachers in Wuchang Normal University were students studying in Japan at that time, and many of Zhu Kezhen's educational views and opinions returned from the United States were not understood and supported by his colleagues studying in Japan, which made Zhu Kezhen, who was "lonely", very depressed. At this time, Guo Bingwen, president of Nanjing Normal University, is recruiting talents with great fanfare and inviting Zhu Kezhen to join Nanjing Normal University. So, in the summer of 1920, Zhu Kezhen was transferred to Heather Normal University. In the same year, she married Zhang Xiashun, the first flying girl in China, and started her first marriage.
Zhu kezhen
At Heather Normal University, Zhu Kezhen was hired as a professor in the Department of Literature and History, teaching meteorology, and teaching calculus and agricultural geology in the Department of Physics and Chemistry. At that time, although the Department of Geography was called Department, there were not many specialized courses, which were almost the same as the traditional "Department of Geography". After analyzing the world situation, Zhu Kezhen believed that the Qing government ceded Taiwan Province Province to Japan and Russia sold Alaska to the United States at a low price of only $7.2 million, all of which were caused by insufficient geographical knowledge at the decision-making level. At that time, Japanese people studied geography of China much more than China people. There are more than 200 first-class weather stations in the United States, while there are only two or three foreign-run weather stations in China, such as Shanghai and Hongkong. To this end, Zhu Kezhen was deeply ashamed and shouted: "Organize organs, donate huge sums of money, and investigate the topography, climate, race, animals and plants, and minerals of the whole country." In order to accomplish these tasks, it is necessary to establish a new geography department and train China's own geographers.
Instruct students not to sign documents.
1920, Southeast University was founded on the basis of Southern Normal University. With the support of Dean Guo Bingwen and Dean Tao Xingzhi, Zhu Kezhen took this opportunity to initiate the establishment of a new department of geodesy. As a result, the College of Arts and Sciences of Southeast University formally established the first geography department in China, with Zhu Kezhen as the dean.
A major feature of the new Earth Science Department is that it attaches importance to practice and practice. During the Six Dynasties in ancient times, a weather station was set up on the campus of Panasonic, and students took turns to observe, record and analyze the weather. Zhu Kezhen set strict requirements for students' observation and training, and set an example. Whether it is cold and hot, windy and rainy, he observes on time with the students and records every weather element in detail without omission. At that time, the reliability of meteorological observation records and the integrity of instruments were related to
At the same time, Zhu Kezhen also pays special attention to the cultivation of students' scientific research ability. Cooperate with Liu Yizhi, a famous historian, to guide students to set up a "historical geography research society", a "historical geography magazine" and publish teachers' and students' translations. Zhu Kezhen never believed in student-directed papers and never signed his own name. Even if the students "forcibly" signed, Zhu Kezhen also withdrew: "How can teachers be equal to students?" As for exams, special writing often replaces closed-book exams, which makes students feel that the benefits are considerable.
The equipment manager is hired to give lectures to students.
Zhu Kezhen could have struggled on the road of scientific research, but in February of 1936 and 16, he embarked on another life path. On this day, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly made an appointment with him and asked him to be the president of Zhejiang University. After listening to the opinions of Weng and others, Chiang Kai-shek thought that Zhu Kezhen was not only famous and qualified, but also a native of Zhejiang. He is the best candidate for the president of Zhejiang University, and he is very satisfied with him after taking office. At first, Zhu Kezhen didn't want to be a president, thinking that "the responsibility of a university president is 10 times that of a director of a research institute". He is very hard, unwilling to deal with complicated and trivial official entertainment and numerous administrative affairs, and unwilling to give up his job in the newly-built meteorological office. However, with the encouragement of his wife and friends, such as a letter from his younger brother Chen Xunci, he told him that "Zhejiang culture has deteriorated seriously recently and needs a university as a mainstay". Coupled with Zhu's public interest, "if I don't defend Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University will fall into the hands of the department that joined the party, and its manipulation of the party is undoubtedly different." Finally, Zhu Kezhen decided to accept the post of president of Zhejiang University, but Zhu Kezhen put forward three conditions: "Financial support must continue." The headmaster has full power and is not interfered by political parties; The time limit is six months. "。 Persuaded by Chen Bulei, Chiang Kai-shek reluctantly agreed to these three conditions. Then,1On April 25th, 936, 46-year-old Zhu Kezhen officially became the president of Zhejiang University. Zhu Kezhen took over Zhejiang University, which was the oldest university in China at that time. There are not many books in the library, only more than 60 thousand volumes; The faculty and staff are even more worried. There are no professors in China history and Chinese and foreign history, and some professors have resigned.
After completing the handover procedures, he was eager for talents and hired more than 30 famous scholars such as Hu, Mei Guangdi and Wang to teach at Zhejiang University. For incompetent professors, even the leaders should be dismissed. When Zhu Kezhen came to Zhejiang University for the first time, Zhu Yicheng, the president of the Technical College, only got a salary and never attended classes. Finally, Zhu Kezhen fired him. When hiring a teacher, Zhu Kezhen dared to break his academic qualifications. At that time, there was a equipment manager named Cha Changsheng in the Chemistry Department of Zhejiang University. Because of family difficulties, he can't go to college and can only receive high school education. When Cha Changsheng worked as a custodian in the Department of Chemistry of Zhejiang University, he often listened to the courses of the Department of Chemistry and completed all the courses from freshman to senior. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the wounded needed a lot of sulfonamides, all of which were imported. Changsheng consulted a large number of foreign related documents and synthesized sulfonamides by himself. After synthesis, there is no way to determine its efficacy. Just then, his youngest son got dysentery, so Cha Changsheng gave his son the medicine he synthesized, and it took effect as soon as he ate it. After learning this, Zhu Kezhen personally went to Cha Changsheng's home to mobilize repeatedly, and asked Cha Changsheng to give lectures to the students.
Professor Gong Fei from Zhejiang University is very talented. At an academic conference, he once laughed at Zhu Kezhen: "We, President Zhu, study meteorology and only look at the sky, not people." Zhu Kezhen smiled after hearing this. Later, although the Ministry of Education stipulated that "only party member and the Kuomintang can be academic leaders", Zhu Kezhen thought that Gong Fei was "well-qualified, good at learning, noble in moral character and able to respect and teach students" and still asked Gong Fei to be the academic leader of Zhejiang University. 1On the morning of March 5, 944, political activists left for Fudan University to teach and suddenly disappeared at Chongqing Wharf. Zhu Kezhen was surprised when he heard the news, and immediately went to Zhu Jiahua and others to inquire about the whereabouts of Fei. He also led professors from Zhejiang University to jointly call the Ministry of Education and Chiang Kai-shek to demand the protection of human rights. However, the Kuomintang secret service insisted on not charging the arrest fee, and the whereabouts of this fee are still unknown. 1950, Zhu Kezhen wrote to Zhou Enlai, suggesting to find out the truth. However, due to various reasons, it was not until the end of the Cultural Revolution that the verification fee was kidnapped and killed by SACO agents.
Zhu Kezhen only served as principal for half a year. Because of the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the situation at that time, he had to bear this burden all the time. He led all the teachers and students to move the school four times and insisted on running the school, which won more and more reputation. From 65438 to 0944, after visiting many universities in China, Professor Needham called Zhejiang University "one of the four universities in China" and "Oriental Cambridge". From 65438 to 0946, Zhejiang University returned to Hangzhou safely under the leadership of Zhu Kezhen after eight and a half years in exile. The school miraculously developed from three colleges 16 departments to seven colleges and 27 departments with more than 70 professors and more than 200 students. It became the most complete comprehensive university in China except Central University at that time.
The diary of 38 years and 37 days has never stopped.
However, while Zhejiang University is developing vigorously, Zhu Kezhen feels anxious himself. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government invited university presidents and deans to join the Kuomintang. Zhu Ke is one of the few university presidents who did not join the Kuomintang. 1949 On the occasion of Zhu Kezhen's 60th birthday, Zhejiang University students spontaneously held a birthday party for the president, and wrote a banner with the words "Nanny of Zhejiang University" on it to show their respect and gratitude to the president. However, Zhu Kezhen didn't attend the party and didn't accept the pennant. In order to avoid Chiang Kai-shek's order to go to Taiwan Province Province, he avoided Shanghai and left Zhejiang University 13 where he worked hard.
Finally, Zhu Kezhen stayed in the mainland. In addition to disappointment with the National Government, there are also professional considerations. "He is engaged in meteorology, and his working environment is not in the laboratory, but in nature, relative to mainland and Taiwan Province provinces.
Since then, Zhu Kezhen has served as vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, chairman of China Meteorological Society, honorary chairman and chairman of China Geographical Society, and joined China on 1962. In addition to his busy leadership work, Zhu Kezhen insisted on taking time to go to the field to get first-hand information on scientific research.
At that time, hearing Hu Shi say that he would not live to be 20 years old, Zhu Kezhen was taken aback and began to exercise silently, showing his life-long character: quiet on the surface and persistent and resolute inside. This can be seen from his diary. From 1936 to1February 6, 974, a total of 38 years and 37 days, Zhu Kezhen's diary never stopped. In addition, Zhu Kezhen mastered three foreign languages: English, French and German when he was young. However, after liberation, Zhu Kezhen, who was over 60 years old, began to learn Russian according to the needs of his work and was finally able to read Russian materials. This incident also shows his strong character. This is also related to his personality. He can set up the first geology department and meteorology college in China, become a "double degree" in geography and meteorology in China, and turn Zhejiang University from the most failed university in China into "Oriental Cambridge".
19 10, Zhu Kezhen and Hu Shi met again on the ship to the United States. Hu Shi also said that he would not live to be sixty, and bet that if he lived to be sixty, he would break three heads at Zhu Kezhen's birthday party. If Zhu Kezhen outlives Hu Shi, kick his ass. Unexpectedly, after 1949, they were strangers across the sea, and Zhu Kezhen lived longer than Hu Shi. 1962, Hu Shi, then president of Taiwan Academia Sinica, died in Taipei. Even if I remember the last bet, Zhu Kezhen from the mainland couldn't beat Hu Shi's ass. The best thing he can do is to sigh in his heart. This is the life of two kinds of intellectuals and the fate of a generation of intellectuals.