Students' understanding of earthquake safety education
I. Earthquake prevention
1. The most effective way to avoid earthquake disasters is to rely on yourself and prepare for disaster prevention with your own strength. The average family has food and drinking water, and it is better to keep an average of 5 days for each person. In addition, prepare some disaster prevention supplies, such as disaster prevention headscarves, flashlights, first-aid medicines, candles, transistor radios, etc. And some escape appliances, such as blankets, portable cookers, solid fuels, etc.
Because houses are not plentiful, people always make full use of sheds, shelves, shelves and other spaces. However, due to the vibration of the earthquake, the heavy objects placed on the shelf are easy to fall off. So usually think more about the placement of things.
It is difficult for people to adapt to the darkness, which not only makes them invisible, but also increases their psychological pressure. It is not surprising that the earthquake caused power failure. Even in your own room, it is difficult to tell the difference between east and west, north and south in the dark, so you won't have much fear when you carry a flashlight with you.
After the earthquake, the TV was cut off, the telephone was blocked, the newspaper stopped publishing, and the information source was completely cut off. At this time, only small radios can get a steady stream of important information in order to better cope with the changing situation.
After the earthquake subsided, the first thing that puzzled me was drinking water. On this occasion, it is common for waterways to be cut off from water. There are few wells in the city, so we should prepare some emergency drinking water before going to bed every night without knowing when the earthquake will happen.
Considering the chaos after the earthquake, it is necessary to prepare three months' cash expenditure. Because after the earthquake, banks, post offices and other places often can not get money.
7. People always like to hide first-aid appliances in a corner or an inconspicuous place. However, these things are indispensable in the earthquake. So usually put them in a fixed and easy-to-get place.
8. Wearing high heels is harmful to taking refuge in an earthquake. Wear or store fast and durable flat-heeled cotton shoes or sports shoes at ordinary times. Slippers and sandals are not suitable, and high heels are absolutely not acceptable.
Second, the earthquake escape
1. The earthquake came suddenly and people were caught off guard. If you are in the house when the earthquake starts, don't try to rush out of the house, it will probably kill you. The expedient is to hide under a solid bed or table. If you don't have solid furniture, you should stand at the door. The door frame has some protection. Stay away from the window, because the window glass may break.
If you are outdoors, don't go near buildings, trees, telephone poles or any other tall buildings that may collapse. Try to stay away from tall buildings and run to empty places. In order to avoid losing your balance in the earthquake, you should lie on the ground. If there is no open space nearby, shelter from the rain at the door for the time being.
3. Don't hide in the kiln, tunnel or underground passage, because the rubble generated by the earthquake will fill or block the exit. Unless they are very strong, things like tunnels will collapse themselves.
During the earthquake, the wooden house tends to tilt and the door can't be opened. At this time, you will lose your life. Therefore, whether you can go out or not, it is wise to open the door first.
In the event of a big earthquake, things and books on the bookshelf may fall down. At this time, protecting the head is extremely important. In case of emergency, you can cover your head with cotton pads, blankets, pillows and other things around you to avoid injury.
6. Even if there is an earthquake in midsummer, it is indecent to escape indoors. The naked body is easily injured by sparks, glass and metal fragments flying around. Therefore, when going out for refuge, you should try to wear thick cotton-padded clothes and cotton shoes and socks to avoid wearing chemical fiber products that are easy to catch fire.
7. If you encounter an earthquake in the hospital, getting under the bed is the correct strategy. This can prevent objects from falling from the skylight or overhead and being injured.
8. Don't run on the road during the earthquake. At this time, everywhere you go are flying signs, doors and windows. So at this time, you can wear a helmet or something in a dangerous situation.
9. During an earthquake, the bridge will also collapse and fall into the river. It is very dangerous to stop on the bridge or hide under it at this time. Therefore, if you encounter an earthquake on the bridge, you should leave the bridge quickly.
10, big earthquakes sometimes happen at the bottom of the sea, and then there will be a tsunami. The waves will rise sharply, and ships near the shore are very dangerous. At this time, it is safe to leave the beach quickly and stay away from the high seas.
1 1. When there is an earthquake in a public place, people inside will be crowded with panic. This is because frightened people can't find an escape. What is needed at this time is to be calm, calm down and find the exit, and don't run around.
Third, prevent earthquake secondary disasters.
Attention should be paid to prevent earthquake secondary disasters. The so-called earthquake secondary disasters mainly refer to floods, fires and the spread of toxic gases caused by earthquakes. Many experiences show that the losses caused by secondary disasters are often much greater than the earthquake itself. How to prevent secondary hazards?
1, inflammable and explosive drugs in industrial and mining enterprises should be closely monitored. In the event of an earthquake, rescue should be organized immediately once drugs or flammable gases spill.
2. For large reservoirs and dams. Do a good job of seismic inspection in advance and reinforce in time when problems are found. When an earthquake occurs, residents downstream of the reservoir should pay close attention to the safety of the dam. In case of danger, in addition to organizing rescue, they should also move to a safe place quickly.
3. There is a big earthquake in mountainous areas, and rivers may be blocked by landslides and collapses. In this case, we should immediately organize personnel to dredge it to avoid flooding.
Natural disasters, matters needing attention and self-help methods
Fire is one of the most common natural disasters in our life. According to statistics, the most common cause of death in a fire is not being killed by fire, but not knowing how to save yourself in the case of smoke, and dying of smoke halo poisoning and lack of oxygen caused by fire. Others are very afraid of sudden disasters because of the lack of emergency self-help knowledge when a fire breaks out, and they are trampled to death by panicked people in the process of hurriedly escaping. Some people even died because they chose to jump off a building to escape the panic of living in a tall building. These are the results of the lack of fire-related escape knowledge. In fact, when there is a fire, we should keep a calm attitude. If there is a fire in a public area, first call the fire alarm number 1 19. If the fire is not too fierce, you can find out if there are fire-fighting facilities around. At present, general public places require corresponding fire-fighting equipment, such as fire alarms, fire extinguishers, gas masks, etc. Because fires are often not put out in the first place.
Earthquake is a very serious natural disaster. A large-scale high-intensity earthquake can paralyze the operation of a small country. Our country has experienced two most serious earthquakes since the founding of the People's Republic of China, one in Tangshan and the other in Wenchuan. Both earthquakes caused huge casualties and economic losses. Try to escape from the building to a spacious place during an earthquake. If you choose a small room with beam and column support in a high-rise building, try to find something to protect your head and body and wrap yourself up. If you are unfortunately trapped in the ruins after the earthquake, you should keep calm and physical strength, clean up a comfortable space as much as possible in a limited space, and send out distress signals as much as possible while waiting for rescue, such as knocking on items that can make sound. Stones and steel objects can help rescuers determine your location and make better rescue plans.
Tsunami is a nightmare for coastal cities and countries. A large-scale tsunami can paralyze a small country's economy, but it can also destroy a coastal effect in an instant. This is not an alarmist, because the tsunami is coming, and human power is unstoppable. All we can do is run to the higher ground when the tsunami comes. Usually, creatures in nature will make predictions before the arrival of the tsunami, such as the sudden ebb of the sea at the seaside, a large number of fish waiting for people to catch on the shore, and large-scale migration of animals. Don't go to the seaside to watch the tsunami just because you haven't seen it. This is not the wave of Qiantang River that you can see again after seeing it. If unfortunately swept away by the tsunami, try to find objects that can generate buoyancy in the water. Hold on tight until after the tsunami, you can float on the water and wait for help.
The typhoon has just experienced the baptism of mangosteen. The coastal areas of Guangdong are well prepared for the typhoon, which has reduced the natural disasters caused by this typhoon to some extent. When a typhoon comes, don't go out to the river, bridge or roadside out of curiosity to experience the intensity of the typhoon. At home, we should take measures to prevent typhoons, reinforce doors and windows at home, park vehicles in open places, and avoid being hit by objects blown down by typhoons. After typhoons, we should clean and disinfect the attacked places to prevent bacteria and viruses from harming the human body.
Landslides, especially houses built on the mountain, should be noticed if there is a phenomenon such as the spring water cut off or the well water suddenly dries up. At this time, we should pay more attention to whether there is any protrusion at the foot of the hillside, and also listen carefully to the sound of rock tearing or squeezing, especially the phenomenon of animals running in panic. These phenomena do not mean the arrival of landslides. When a landslide occurs, try to protect your head and run to both sides of the landslide direction. Don't run along the landslide direction, and don't run to low-lying areas. If you can't escape, try to find a place to hide and look for opportunities to wait for rescue.
In case of distress at home, the natural disaster should be lightning. When it thundered as a child, adults would tell us not to lean against walls and places with metal, because walls can conduct electricity. Nowadays, residential buildings are generally designed with lightning protection devices such as lightning rods, so it is almost impossible to be struck by lightning at home. However, we should also take lightning protection measures. For example, try not to turn on and turn off the power supply of electrical equipment at home in a thunderstorm, so as to avoid the phenomenon that lightning really hits the circuit facilities and causes short circuit and fire, especially some old houses may have been built without lightning protection facilities. In addition, the gas at home is often accidentally forgotten to turn off the valve, resulting in gas poisoning, and the old power socket at home has not been replaced, resulting in a short-circuit fire. In recent years, many phenomena have caused children to fall off buildings alone.
Debris flow usually occurs on days of heavy rain, especially in areas with loose soil. As soon as the surrounding rock slides, we should pay attention to the surrounding environment, be alert to the sounds or intentions coming from afar, and be ready to prevent mudslides at any time. If it rains heavily for several days, it is necessary to consider whether there will be mudslides. And take corresponding emergency measures to escape. Don't stay or avoid danger on low-lying concave slopes. When the mudslide comes, try to escape to both sides and don't follow it.
Safety education for preventing natural disasters in primary and secondary schools.
Firstly, introduce the causes and characteristics of natural disasters such as lightning, flood, collapse and debris flow to students. Combined with the actual situation around the school, examples of natural disasters in recent years are listed, so that students can understand the relevant knowledge of these natural disasters, and then guide students to analyze and discuss the scientific methods and precautions to prevent and deal with natural disasters, and ask students to master these methods and apply them to real life to ensure and maintain the safety of themselves and others.
In order to cultivate students' safety awareness in natural disaster education, schools often organize and plan targeted natural disaster prevention education for students. Enhance the awareness of prevention and let students know that they are closely related to natural disasters. Through specific case analysis, master basic common sense and be vigilant. In the face of natural disasters, we should have a correct attitude and treat them correctly. Give full play to self-protection. Mastering self-protection skills, the school also conducts natural disaster drills for students. For example, how to avoid being struck by lightning when going out?
1. In case of thunderstorm when going out, you should avoid it in time and don't run or stay in the open area. Turn off the communication tools in your hand.
2. If there is nowhere to hide in the open field when there is lightning, you should try to find a low-lying place (such as a pit) to hide, or immediately squat down, put your feet together, tuck your arms, bend your head down, and try to reduce the height of your body. If there are conductive objects (such as shovels, metal umbrellas, etc.) in your hand, throw them away quickly. Never run with these objects in the wild, or you will become the target of lightning strike.
3. Pay special attention not to stand under towering objects (such as flagpoles, trees, chimneys, telephone poles, etc.) when encountering lightning; Don't stay near iron fences, metal clotheslines, overhead metal objects and railway tracks; Also stay away from transmission and distribution lines, overhead telephone cables, etc. These places are the most vulnerable to lightning strikes. Let students master these basic countermeasures, and when natural disasters come to us, they will be calm and calm.
In addition to these common natural disasters in our rural areas, we should also let our children fully understand the major natural disasters facing our country and our planet, and also let them master the major natural disasters and how we should deal with them. Understand that natural disasters are disasters caused by natural phenomena such as earthquakes and typhoons in addition to floods and lightning. With the current scientific and technological level and ability of mankind, people can't stop the occurrence of natural disasters, nor can they completely resist their destruction. However, according to the laws and characteristics of natural disasters, we can take active and effective measures to minimize losses. For example, how to protect yourself when an earthquake occurs? Strong earthquakes often cause houses to collapse, dams to burst and the earth to crack, which brings losses to people's lives and property. In order to protect ourselves in the earthquake. You should master the following emergency survival methods.
1. If there is a sudden earthquake in the bungalow, you should quickly get under the bed and table and cover your head with bedding, pillows, washbasins, etc. Then leave the house as soon as possible after the earthquake and move to a safe place. If the house collapses in the earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and never move. Wait until the earthquake stops before going in or out or waiting for rescue.
If you live in a building and there is an earthquake, don't try to run out of the building, because time is too late. The safest and most effective way is to hide in the smallest room between two load-bearing walls in time, such as bathroom and kitchen. You can also hide in the corner of the room and pay attention to protecting your head. Never hide under the balcony or window.
If there is an earthquake in the classroom, don't panic, and don't run around in the classroom or fight to get out.
In addition to educating students about natural disasters and coping measures, it is also important to cultivate healthy psychological quality and stay awake and calm in a complex environment. Students are in the period of physical and mental development, and education should pay attention to cultivating students' healthy psychological quality in education and teaching.
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