1, fact: I understand that Martin seligman, the father of positive psychology, put forward in his book "Sustained Happiness" that positive psychology studies not happiness, but well-being or prosperity, and it has five pillars: positive emotion, devotion, interpersonal relationship, meaning and achievement, abbreviated as PERMA in English.
Personality advantages and virtues: seligman and Peterson summarized six virtues that all human beings attach importance to and twenty-four personality advantages that make up these virtues.
Advantage education: Teachers consciously and systematically discover their own talents, develop and apply their own advantages in their work, and help students discover their own talents, develop and apply their own advantages in the learning process through continuous learning, improving teaching methods, designing and implementing teaching plans and creating activities, so as to learn knowledge, acquire learning skills, develop thinking and problem-solving abilities in an educational environment and reach an excellent level.
Developmental thinking: refers to a person's belief that his basic characteristics such as personality, talent, wisdom and talent can be continuously developed through perseverance, determination and hard work.
2. Feeling: I realize the importance of superior education now. When educating children, we should not only see their shortcomings, but also praise their advantages, so that their narcissism can be satisfied, and then encourage them to play their inherent potential and become better themselves.
Discovery: to my surprise, as the book says, advantages can be strengthened through practice, and we should pass on the advantages we have discovered? Strengthen the application of; For those who have no advantages, they can be trained and strengthened.
Future: I intend to make a plan to strengthen and explore my own advantages, and carry it out according to the plan.
Excerpts from exquisite paragraphs in the text
? In our life, only a few people suffer from mental illness, which requires psychologists to diagnose through DSM. Most people just have some shortcomings, such as laziness, vanity, or some minor psychological problems, such as nervousness and negative thinking, but it is unnecessary for psychiatrists to use DSM analysis. On the contrary, everyone has advantages-most ordinary people have many advantages, and a few people with serious psychological problems or even mental illness actually have their own bright spots, but the psychological circle lacks systematic research on the advantages of human nature.
This has caused a very negative situation: psychology can make a relatively accurate judgment on what kind of mental diseases and psychological problems you may have, and can give some effective treatment plans or suggestions, but it can't form a scientific, systematic and effective opinion on what advantages and personality you may have. On the other hand, people increasingly need a science about human strength, character and virtue. Parents hope that schools can cultivate children's good character, enterprises hope to recruit employees with outstanding advantages, and society relies on the continuous improvement of the moral level of all members to achieve harmony and prosperity. It is of course essential to study human shortcomings, mental illness and psychological problems, which are also proud contributions of human beings in the field of psychology. But at present, more people need to know how to discover, cultivate and develop their character strengths and virtue by scientific methods. ?
? It is precisely because of the importance of personality advantages and virtues that seligman, after launching the modern positive psychology movement, won the support of the Mayerson Foundation and conducted a study on the classification of human personality advantages and virtues. He borrowed the essence of DSM's success, that is, accurate definition is the first step to solve the problem. If the patient comes to the psychologist's office, but the doctor is not sure what's wrong with him, it will be difficult to treat him. Similarly, if we want to tap a person's advantages, we must first find out what his advantages are, so as to help him give full play to his own advantages.
? The main criteria of the characters' merits and virtues in the book are as follows: 1. Advantages can help yourself and others grow and make life better. One advantage must be to help people realize themselves, not just to solve practical problems in life. This is also the difference between the classification of character strengths and virtue in positive psychology and the classification commonly used in business circles, that is, character strengths and virtue are human nature.
2. Advantages can bring practical benefits. For example, leadership can make you lead the team better, integrity can make you be loved, social intelligence can make you get along with others better, tenacity can make you accomplish arduous tasks, and creativity can make you create works that others can't think of. However, the value of advantages does not need to be measured by actual interests. Even if some advantages have no obvious practical benefits, such as modesty may make you lose opportunities, and forgiveness may make others take advantage of you, advantages are valuable in themselves. The criterion for choosing them is not the actual result, but whether society and civilization respect them morally (in the long run, these advantages will eventually bring benefits, such as humility will make people more willing to cooperate with you, and forgiveness will open more opportunities for you).
A person's advantage will not hinder others, but will inspire and promote others' progress. In other words, when you give play to your advantages, others will not envy you, but admire you. Therefore, character strengths and virtue generally appear in the form of win-win.
The antonym of advantage should be bad character. For example, the opposite of kindness is callousness, the opposite of integrity is meanness, positive advantages are respected by society, and negative bad characters are rejected and belittled by society. If there is a trait whose opposite is not a bad character, it can't be called character strengths. For example, flexibility is also an advantage, which can bring benefits to your career, but its opposite-tenacity and persistence-is also an advantage, so flexibility cannot be character strengths.
5. Advantage is a psychological trait, which exists stably in a person, and individuals will show this trait in different situations. For example, just because you don't lie occasionally doesn't mean you are honest; Forgiving someone once in a while doesn't mean you have the virtue of forgiveness.
In addition, because Peterson and seligman have summarized the universal character advantages and virtues of human beings after investigating all mainstream civilizations at all times and in all countries, every character advantage must be universal, that is, respected in any culture. This standard is not as unattainable as we thought. All nations and cultures basically attach importance to the same moral quality. Six virtues and twenty-four personality advantages of positive psychology research can be found in all civilizations in the world.
Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faithfulness advocated by Confucianism in China can generally correspond to humanity, courage, temperance, wisdom and justice (some righteous and brave characters have no clear relationship with faithfulness and righteousness, for example, civic spirit is closer to righteousness, while integrity includes faith). As for transcendence, although Confucianism is not very particular on the surface ("how to know death if you don't know who you are born"), two other very important cultural traditions in China-Taoism and Buddhism-attach great importance to "transcendence", and Confucianism still has to surpass itself when it comes to cultivation.
Seligman also pointed out in the book True Happiness that advantages must be cultivated. If a trait is mainly determined by innate factors, it can only be called talent, not advantage. These 24 kinds of character strengths, should be able to make people get promoted through the efforts of the day after tomorrow. Anyone who is willing to work hard and adopt the right method can enhance his advantage.
Speaking of advantages, many people may think that they are born with certain advantages and do not need special practice; Some people may feel that they are born with no advantages in one aspect, so they are discouraged. In fact, everyone can't walk or even crawl when they are born, but with constant practice, we learn to stand, walk and even run bit by bit. Just like other skills, we can strengthen our advantages through practice, and our advantages are not static. If we constantly make use of our advantages in our daily life, our advantages will be strengthened. Similarly, if the character and ability that is not an advantage at present are specially trained, this character or ability will be strengthened and even developed into a new advantage. ? Dwek, a psychologist, called this thinking mode of "advantages can be continuously strengthened through practice" as "growth thinking mode" and another thinking mode of "advantages cannot be changed" as "fixed thinking mode". Through research, Dwek found that developmental thinking is helpful to improve learning input, academic performance, interpersonal relationship and future work achievement and life satisfaction. Therefore, it is very beneficial to treat character strengths with a developmental thinking.
? In his inaugural speech as president of the American Psychological Association, seligman formally put forward positive psychology-a science that studies happiness, meaning, achievement, love, justice and other beautiful psychology and characters. All this is actually because a child shows his own personality advantages and virtues. Because she made his father, a psychologist, realize that character strengths and virtue already exist in every child's heart. When educating children, we should not only pay attention to their shortcomings, let them correct their behavior, but more importantly, pay attention to their advantages, let them play their inherent potential and grow into their true selves. Only in this way can life bring them happiness and make them contribute to society.
What is advantage education?
? E·c· C anderson, an American scholar, defines advantage education as a new educational concept, which requires teachers to consciously develop and use their own advantages in their work, so as to keep learning, improve teaching level, design and implement lesson plans, create activities, help students discover their talents in the learning process, develop and use their own advantages, learn knowledge, acquire learning skills, develop thinking and problem-solving skills, and finally achieve Excellence.
As shown in the picture, "China Teacher Qualification Network" and "Primary and Secondary School Teacher Qualification