If the socialist core value system is the soul of rejuvenating the country, then the fundamental task of education is to deepen the soul of comprehensive reform in the field of education. The "Decision" clearly stated: "Fully implement the party's educational policy, adhere to moral education, strengthen the education of the socialist core value system, improve the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture, form an effective form and long-term mechanism for loving learning, labor and the motherland, and enhance students' sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability. "There are deep expectations for the younger generation between the lines. In the process of exploring the development path of education in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, our party, on the basis of carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture and actively absorbing the excellent achievements of other countries, endowed Lide Shu Ren with profound theoretical connotation and brand-new characteristics of the times, which is of far-reaching significance. All future reforms in the field of education should adhere to the basic orientation of moral education, always attach great importance to education, help students lay a solid ideological foundation, correct their political stance and direction, sharpen their moral character and cultivate their sentiments, stimulate their sense of historical responsibility, establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and closely link personal growth with the practice of realizing the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.
Adhering to the basic orientation of moral education, the essential requirements are education-oriented, moral education first, ability first and all-round development. We should try our best to provide every student with an appropriate education, so that every child can become a useful talent and become a socialist builder and successor with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. The "Decision" requires strengthening physical education class and extracurricular exercise, promoting teenagers' physical and mental health and physical quality, improving aesthetic education and improving students' aesthetic and humanistic quality; It is required to coordinate the balanced allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas, implement standardized construction of public schools and exchange rotation of principals and teachers, and set up no key classes in key schools to solve the problem of school selection, treat both the symptoms and root causes, and reduce the academic burden of students. It is necessary to refine the macro-policy requirements for the full implementation of quality education into specific arrangements for school education, free primary and secondary school students, especially primary school students, from the heavy academic burden, and let them have more time to explore and think, strengthen exercise, understand society and participate in practice.
Adhering to the basic orientation of moral education must also actively provide a good environment and mechanism for the growth of diversified, personalized and innovative talents. The "Decision" emphasizes that it is necessary to speed up the construction of a modern vocational education system, deepen the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, and cultivate high-quality workers and skilled talents; Innovating the talent training mechanism in colleges and universities, promoting colleges and universities to run their own characteristics and strive for first-class, and promoting the reform and development of preschool education and special education clearly show the policy basis of our party on promoting all people to learn to teach, learn to succeed and learn to use. To deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education, we should make great efforts to update the educational concept, straighten out the structural system, innovate the training mode, strengthen the capacity building, promote the connotation development, comprehensively form a dynamic, more efficient, more open and more scientific educational system and mechanism that is suitable for the socialist market economy and the all-round construction of a well-off society, and run a modern education with China characteristics and world level as soon as possible.
Deepening the comprehensive reform in the field of education must be conducive to promoting fairness and improving quality.
The "Decision" requires that the wisdom of the whole Party and society should be concentrated to the maximum extent, all positive factors should be mobilized to the maximum extent, and we should dare to tackle hard bones and venture into dangerous beaches, break through the shackles of ideological concepts and the barriers of solidification of interests with greater determination, and promote the self-improvement and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's system. Therefore, the comprehensive reform in the field of education should focus on solving the hot and difficult problems that the people care about, increase the intensity of tackling key problems, and strive to make breakthrough progress.
Examination enrollment system is the key area and key link of comprehensive reform in the field of education. The "Decision" clarifies the reform direction of the operation mechanism of "exploring the relative separation of enrollment and examination, multiple choices of students' examinations, independent enrollment of schools according to law, organization and implementation of professional institutions, macro-management of the government, and social participation and supervision", hoping to fundamentally solve the disadvantages of one-time lifelong examination, starting with adhering to the compulsory education system, trying out district system and nine-year consistent counterpart enrollment, implementing junior and senior high school academic level examinations and comprehensive quality evaluation. Then, accelerate the classified enrollment or enrollment of vocational colleges, gradually implement a comprehensive evaluation multiple admission mechanism based on the results of the unified college entrance examination and the high school level examination in ordinary colleges and universities, explore the nationwide unified examination to reduce the socialized examination of subjects, regardless of subjects such as arts and sciences and foreign languages for more than one year, especially take a new step in the pilot of credit transfer between ordinary colleges, higher vocational colleges and adult colleges, and broaden the channels of lifelong learning. It is believed that the top-level design of this system reform and a series of supporting policies will be the most systematic and comprehensive reform of China's education examination enrollment system, which will significantly reverse the tendency of examination-oriented education, be more conducive to promoting students' healthy growth, scientifically selecting talents, maintaining social equity, highlighting the concepts of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, lifelong learning and making everyone a talent, providing diversified learning choices and growth paths for hundreds of millions of students, and building a talent growth overpass that conforms to the basic national conditions.
Promoting educational equity is an inevitable requirement of adhering to the inclusiveness of educational public welfare under the socialist system and the basic policy connotation that our party must adhere to when it is in power for the people. Under the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism, the development of education in urban and rural areas and regions in China is still unbalanced, and the backward situation of education in poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas needs to be changed urgently. In this regard, it is decided to emphasize vigorously promoting education equity, improving the financial aid system for students with financial difficulties, building an effective mechanism to expand the coverage of quality education resources by means of information technology, and gradually narrowing the gap between regions, urban and rural areas and schools. To promote educational equity, we should carry out system innovation step by step. It is necessary not only to promote equal opportunities for citizens' education, but also to use good policy means to promote the fairness of public education resources allocation and pay more attention to promoting the fairness of education system rules. These will be the focus of deepening the comprehensive reform in the field of education.
(3) To deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education, we must build a new social relationship between government and schools.
In accordance with the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Decision has made specific arrangements for accelerating the transformation of government functions, deepening the reform of administrative system, innovating administrative management methods, further simplifying administration and decentralizing power, minimizing the government's management of micro-affairs, especially accelerating the classification reform of public institutions, promoting the rationalization of the relationship between public institutions and competent departments, and establishing the corporate governance structure of public institutions, which has become a bright spot and created a good external environment for deepening the reform of education system. The "Decision" refines the key points of education management and school-running system reform and puts forward new and higher requirements. To deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education, the general direction is to build a new relationship among the government, schools and society, implement and expand the autonomy of running schools, and build a modern school system featuring running schools according to law, independent management, democratic supervision and social participation.
"Further promote the separation of management and management, expand the provincial government's overall education rights and autonomy in running schools, and improve the internal governance structure of schools. Strengthen national education supervision and entrust social organizations to carry out education evaluation and monitoring. " The key to a series of reform measures proposed in the Decision is to promote the decentralization of power from the central government to local governments and the government to schools. Through the establishment of the system of "separation of management from evaluation", the responsibilities of governments at all levels are clarified, the classified management of schools is promoted, the school-running behavior is standardized, and the role of social participation is brought into play, so as to form an educational management system with separation of government affairs, clear responsibilities, overall coordination and standardization. The government will use more laws and regulations, planning, standards, policies, public finance, information services and other means to guide and support the development of schools.
"Improve the government subsidies, government purchase services, student loans, fund incentives, donation incentives and other systems. And encourage social forces to set up education. " The highly innovative policy requirements put forward in the Decision are to adhere to the principle of public welfare in education, improve the school-running system with government-led, social participation, diversified school-running subjects, diverse school-running forms and full of vitality, require governments at all levels to adopt diversified policies and measures according to local conditions, guide social funds to enter the field of education in various ways, support the development of private education, and actively encourage social forces such as industrial enterprises to participate in the establishment of public schools, so as to form a common education with the government as the main body, the whole society actively participating, and public education and private education simultaneously.
Three. Safeguard measures and implementation actions for deepening comprehensive reform in the field of education
At present and in the future, it is a new stage for the education system to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, and to continue to implement the national medium-and long-term education planning outline. It is also a rare and important strategic opportunity period for deepening the comprehensive reform in the education field. We should quickly unify our thoughts and actions with the central government's major decision-making arrangements for deepening comprehensive reform in the field of education, seize the historic opportunity, make overall arrangements for reform safeguard measures, and unswervingly realize the central government's decision-making arrangements for reform.
(1) Effectively strengthen the high consensus on deepening comprehensive reform in the field of education.
The 35-year experience of China's reform and opening up shows that any successful reform is the result of top-down Qi Xin's concerted efforts and close cooperation, and any successful reform is the result of extensive participation and collective efforts of the masses. To implement the spirit of the Decision, we must scientifically analyze and deeply understand the shortcomings of the current educational system and mechanism, overcome the ideas and practices of insufficient reform motivation, lack of effective measures and means, and dare or unwilling to deviate from the routine as soon as possible, and unite the high consensus of governments at all levels, the education system and all walks of life on the reform, thus forming a strong joint force to deepen the education reform.
According to the requirements of the central authorities, all major policies and measures for comprehensive reform in the field of education involving the vital interests of the masses should correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, and adhere to the unity of reform intensity, development speed and social affordability. In addition to improving the expert consultation mechanism and paying attention to supporting policies and measures, it is more important to improve the scientific and democratic level of educational decision-making from the institutional level. Before the implementation of major educational reforms, legal review and risk assessment should be carried out, and public comments should be solicited according to needs; In the implementation of the reform, it is necessary to strengthen inspection, supervision and regular evaluation, properly handle and dynamically adjust problems in time, avoid major deviations, strengthen inner-party supervision, democratic supervision, legal supervision and public opinion supervision, ensure the smooth exercise of the people's right to know, participate, express and supervise, and create a more favorable environment for the implementation of major educational reforms.
(2) Constantly improve the reform and promotion mechanism of up-and-down linkage and collaborative innovation by all parties.
Reform is a complex social system engineering, and how to avoid the fragmentation of reform is a problem that all regions and departments, including the education system, must face directly. The "Decision" emphasizes strengthening and improving the Party's leadership in comprehensively deepening the reform, giving full play to the Party's core role of taking the overall situation into account and coordinating all parties, and puts forward clear requirements for leading bodies at all levels and grass-roots organizations to participate in the reform. To deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education, different departments will have certain overlapping functions and need to coordinate with each other. Focusing on the key tasks of comprehensive reform in the field of education assigned by the Decision, it is necessary to formulate guidance at the national level, pay attention to strengthening policy coordination among ministries, and clarify the list of major educational reforms item by item during the current government term. Local governments should make efforts to strengthen the overall planning of education at the same level, formulate comprehensive reform plans, implement major education reform tasks at the national level, reflect the characteristics of provincial education reform, and focus on solving practical problems in this province. The state establishes an incentive mechanism to encourage and support reform, and gives more inclined support to areas and schools with remarkable reform results in terms of resource allocation, decentralization and decentralization.
(3) Continue to pay attention to the reform path of system design, overall promotion, key breakthrough and pilot first.
To deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education, we should base ourselves on the basic national conditions and play a game of chess all over the country, but we can't cut across the board. When the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Plan was launched, 425 units were selected for pilot projects in various provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and some universities. After three years of exploration, a set of reform promotion mechanism has been initially established in top-level design, policy coordination, consultation and guidance, supervision and inspection, publicity and promotion. According to the important experience of "strengthening top-level design and crossing the river by feeling the stones" summarized in the Decision, we should continue to follow the reform path of system design, overall promotion, key breakthroughs and pilot first, and make an overall evaluation of national and local education reform pilots in accordance with the comprehensive reform task in the education field proposed in the Decision and the timetable for achieving decisive results in important areas and key links in 2020, so as to form a new reform.