Confucius also demonstrated the role of education from the perspective of the relationship between education and human development. He said, "Sex is similar, but we are far from learning from each other." (The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo ")" I was not born to know, but I am eager to know. " (The Analects of Confucius? However, he added, "People who are born with knowledge are also superior; Those who learn and know, second; Learn from difficulties, secondly; If you are sleepy and don't study, it will be a shame for the people. " (The Analects of Confucius? His original intention may be to encourage people to study hard and not to be a loser who is stuck in learning, but after all, he admits that there is an expert who is born with knowledge, and even arbitrarily says that "only high-level people are wise and inferior people are stupid." (The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo "
Confucius also clearly put forward the idea of "teaching without class" and put it into practice. Confucius said, "I have never failed to teach myself." (The Analects of Confucius? His "education without distinction" means "everyone is equally educated" and is the originator of the idea of "universal education" in the sense of modern society. The purpose of education advocated by Confucius is to cultivate "scholars", and the standard of "scholars" is "gentleman" or "gentleman Confucianism", that is, taking "gentleman" as the training goal of education. He explicitly proposed to be a "Zhang Zi gentleman").
There are four main educational contents advocated by Confucius: historical documents, code of conduct and loyalty to others. As Shu Er said, "Zi teaches four religions, namely, writing, conduct, loyalty and faith." Confucius said: "Disciples are filial, considerate, sincere and trustworthy, love the masses and be kind to others. If they have spare capacity, they will study literature. " (The Analects of Confucius? The specific educational content of Confucius is the Six Classics, namely, Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. On the teaching concept, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. First of all, Confucius paid great attention to observing and understanding the characteristics of students, and conducted education and teaching according to their different characteristics, such as The Analects of Confucius. In Advanced Edition, Luz asked: Si Wen Zhu Xing Confucius said: "How can I be Si Wen Zhu Xing?" You Ran asked: Si Wen Zhu Xing Confucius said: Wen Si Xing Zhu Gong Xihua said: "You asked Si Wen Xing Zhu Confucius said:' Father and brother'; Qiu also asked' Si Wen Zhu Xing' and Confucius said' Si Wen Xing Zhi'. Red is also confused, dare to ask' Confucius:' I also retreat, so I enter; Since you are human, you have to retire. "
In addition, there are different requirements for people of different ages. "A gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood gas is uncertain, so he should be careful; It is also strong and bloody, and it is fighting; Even if you are old, your blood is failing and you can get rid of it. " (The Analects of Confucius? Ji's ")
Confucius also allowed or encouraged students to have different specialties. Among his students, there are all kinds of talents. "De: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong. Word: Kill me, Zi Gong. Politics: You Ran, Lu Ji. Literature: Ziyou, Xia Zi ". (The Analects of Confucius? However, Confucius still tends to cultivate "respectful" and "gentle" personalities in cultivating students' personalities. "Advanced" contains: "Minzi stands on the edge, as good as it is; Lutz, as it is; You Ran, Zigong and Kan Kan Dairy; "Have fun. If you let go, you will not die. "
Enlighten and induce. "If you don't get angry, you will have it, if you don't get angry, you will have it, if you don't take it, you will have it if you don't commit it" (The Analects of Confucius? According to Zhu's note: "Angry people, their hearts seek to pass without getting it;" If you are anxious, you will say what you want, but you can't. Hair, that is to say, to realize his words. "That is to say, only when students enter a positive thinking state can teachers induce them in time, so that they can' open their minds' and' make words'. He also said: "if you don't talk to people, you can lose people;" You can't talk to him in words, but you let it slip. Those who know don't lose people, don't lose words. " (The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong ")" If you don't say it, it's called mania; Words without words are hidden; If you don't see color, it is ugly. " (The Analects of Confucius? In other words, teachers can neither "lose people" nor "slip of the tongue", and teaching should be "when possible".
Combine learning with thinking. He said: "It is useless to learn without thinking, and it is dangerous to think without learning." (The Analects of Confucius? Politics) Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous. He also warned students with his own personal experience: "I eat hard all day and stay up late. It is useless to think. It is better to study." (The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong) but at the same time emphasizes the importance of thinking, "A gentleman has Jiu Si: he can see clearly, listen attentively, think enthusiastically, look respectfully, speak loyally, think respectfully, ask doubts, think hard and see clearly" (The Analects of Confucius? Ji "). We should use thinking everywhere in everything, and strongly oppose those who "eat all day long and have no intention" (The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo).
Apply what you have learned. Confucius said: "Poems are recited three hundred times, and they are taught to be political, not standard; Make it all-round, not exclusive. Although many, also thought (The Analects of Confucius? Lutz) That is to say, although he has read 300 pieces of The Book of Songs, it is not feasible for him to handle government affairs. He was sent abroad, but he couldn't handle it on his own. Although he has read a lot of books, what's the use? He advocates "learning to be excellent is to be an official". The purpose of training students is to publicize their political ambitions and train them to be an official and govern one side. Therefore, he emphasized the combination of learning and application, and applied what he had learned.
Reflections on Moral Education
Determined to be happy. Confucius said, "If a man has no long-term worries, he must have near worries." (The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong ")" The three armed forces can win the handsome position, and the ordinary man can't win the ambition. " (The Analects of Confucius? Zi Han) What kind of ambition should one set? Confucius believes that we should "take Tao as the purpose" and establish lofty moral ideals. "Listening to the Tao dies in the evening" ("The Analects of Confucius? Benevolence "). "A gentleman seeks Tao without seeking food" and "A gentleman worries about Tao without being poor". ("The Analects? Wei Linggong) He highly praised Yan Yuan for "eating only once and drinking only once. In a mean alley, people are worried if they can't bear it, and they don't change their fun when they go back. Going back is a good thing "("The Analects of Confucius? Yongye). Yan Hui is an example of "Yue Dao". Confucius particularly emphasized that the determination to learn music Taoism should have perseverance and indomitable spirit, which can stand the test of difficulties, that is, "grinding without phosphorus, nirvana without nirvana" ("The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo ").
Introspection and self-discipline. Confucius believes that moral education is important to cultivate moral consciousness, start from self, and "defeat the soldiers of others and lightly blame others" (The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong "). A gentleman seeks for himself, a villain seeks for others. (The Analects of Confucius? ")" See Si Qi, see Si Qi ". ("The Analects? In benevolence ")" introspection guilt, why worry about what fear "("The Analects of Confucius? Yan Yuan ")" Self-denial and courtesy "("The Analects of Confucius? Yan yuan), a person can restrain himself and make his thoughts, words and deeds conform to the norms of "courtesy", that is, "benevolence", that is, he has reached the highest standard of moral cultivation.
Practice. He said: "It is rare to be kind with clever words." (The Analects of Confucius? Learn and ") He opposes" saying more will do "and thinks that" a gentleman is ashamed of saying more "("The Analects of Confucius? Xian Wen ")," A gentleman wants to speak slowly but act quickly "("The Analects of Confucius? Establish people "), so that" words must be kept, and actions must bear fruit "("The Analects of Confucius? Lutz "). He opposes the separation of words and deeds and advocates "speaking with caution". He even advocated "do as you say first" ("The Analects of Confucius? For politics, it means to do things first, and it's not too late to talk about them later. He said: "I start from others, I listen to me and believe in me;" Today, I am a man, and I can judge his behavior by his words. " (The Analects of Confucius? Gong Yechang ").
Confucius regarded the process of moral cultivation as a process of changing and moving the good. He said: "Qiu is also lucky. If he gets it, everyone will know." (The Analects of Confucius? However, it is wrong to cover up mistakes by whitewashing them, just as Xia Zi said: "When a villain makes a mistake, he must write." (The Analects of Confucius? It doesn't matter whether there is "surplus" or not, the key is to be able to change "surplus" and "surplus has nothing to fear" (The Analects of Confucius? He said: "The fault of a gentleman is like the food of the sun and the moon. Everyone can see them; What's more, everyone is very admired. " (The Analects of Confucius? Zhang Zi ")" Wen Yi can't move. If he doesn't behave well, he can't change. This is my worry. "(The Analects of Confucius?" If you don't change, it will be too much. "
Confucius thought is a product of history and an important part of China's history and culture. Because of its brilliant thinking, it has long been recognized by people. This is of historical significance and modern value for us to build a harmonious society, adjust the relationship between people, abide by public morality and realize the harmonious development between man and nature. As for Confucius' political, legal and philosophical thoughts, they are recognized by people all over the world. The Confucian moral spirit and ethics advocated by Confucius have gradually become the moral and cultural concepts guiding people's moral life. In particular, the idea of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" has a harmonious guiding significance in the relations between countries in today's world.
The significance of Confucius educational thought to today s society;
First, there are no classes in teaching.
Among Confucius' educational thoughts, the most epoch-making and brilliant one is "teaching without distinction". These four short words divide history into two sections.
Before Confucius, school education, academic and cultural knowledge in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties were all in the hands of the government, which means "learning is in the government". On the issue of education, people are divided into two categories: those who have the right to education and those who do not. Those who have the right to education also have the right to run schools, and those who have no right to education also have no right to run schools. Running a school and receiving education is a privilege. Confucius' contribution lies in that he not only created a new form of education, but also clearly put forward the idea of "teaching without distinction". So, what is non-discrimination teaching?
(1) Meaning:
The word "no child left behind" has two meanings: first, it refers to "race", that is, it refers to the category of nations, that is, breaking national boundaries. The second refers to the "equal class", that is, the strict hierarchy of slave owners and nobles. This means that as far as the education target is concerned, regardless of nationality or country, regardless of rank or rank, regardless of wisdom or ignorance or good or evil, as long as they are humbly seeking advice, they will treat them equally and give enthusiastic guidance so that everyone has the opportunity to receive education. This contains the simple idea of universal education.
Confucius not only put forward this idea, but also faithfully practiced it.
Confucius' students come from different families and have various identities. Only a few of them are children of nobles (such as Uncle Nangong and Sima Niu) and businessmen (such as Zigong), and most of them are civilians (such as Yan Hui, Zeng Shen and Lutz). There is also a "bitch" who has no place. Prisoners released from prison are also long-term prisoners, as well as Yan Zhuoju, a former thief. This shows that Confucius doesn't look at students' origins and grades, and everyone comes to him.
Confucius recruited students regardless of wisdom and stupidity, and taught them different knowledge, intelligence and learning attitude. For example, Yan Hui and Zi Gong are sensitive, but Gao Chai and Zeng Shen are poor in intelligence. But after Confucius' education, he finally became a brilliant student.
On the attitude of scholarship, Yan Hui was eager to learn and lazy, but Confucius recruited many students. Their age is not limited, some are several years younger than Confucius, and some are dozens of years older than Confucius.
Confucius is a native of Lu. Geographically speaking, his students are not limited to Lu, but also Qi, Song, Jin, Chu, Qin and other countries. Ethnically, most of them belong to the Huaxia nationality, and there are also ethnic minorities.
(2) Significance
1, historical significance
(1) The idea of "teaching without distinction" initiated the popularization of education. It broke the monopoly of "learning is in the official", popularized the education object from aristocrats to civilians, made the school move from "official" to "people", and expanded the social foundation and talent source of school education.
(2) The idea of "teaching without distinction" has pushed the culture down. It has a far-reaching impact on China's future education. In the educational history of China, there are no official classes, but private classes have never stopped since Confucius.
2. Practical significance
(1) "Teaching without distinction" is a basic right that Confucius won from the old forces, which embodies the spirit of Confucius' fraternity and should be possessed as an educator. Love each of our students, so that every student can become a talent. We can't just have a soft spot for the top students, but we can't help the poor students.
(2) As a country and society, we should open various channels for running schools, so as to make educational opportunities equal and enable people of different ages, identities, regions and levels to receive corresponding education.
For example, schools with formal education such as primary schools, middle schools and universities should expand the enrollment scale; It is also necessary to establish diversified informal education, such as self-study exams, correspondence courses, radio and TV universities, especially the application of multimedia technologies such as computer networks in distance education, which provides a broad space for popularization and lifelong education. People don't have to go to a fixed classroom in the traditional way, but can learn knowledge through new educational channels such as home school, computer university, transnational classroom and global learning network. "The room is the classroom, the teacher is on the screen, and the fingers are tapping knowledge." For example, five doctoral students from Harbin Institute of Technology in China used the "transnational classroom" to study the advanced courses of Syracuse University in the United States, received online guidance from American teachers, took the courses online to complete the exams, and successfully completed their learning tasks.
Second, teach students in accordance with their aptitude
(1) Meaning (for all students)
In educational practice, Confucius found that there are many differences between people, so in educational practice, he paid attention to analyzing everyone's characteristics and conducted targeted education according to everyone's different characteristics. For this reason, Zhu said in The Analects: "Confucius teaches students in accordance with their aptitude."
Because it is the foundation, according to the meaning; Material refers to people, here refers to students; Shi means to carry out and carry out; Teaching means education and guidance.
Together, it is to implement corresponding education according to the actual situation of students. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is an activity for teachers to understand nature and society from two aspects of students. In this activity, teachers are always in a dominant position. Teachers get to know students first, and then carry out different education according to their different characteristics, so that students can get their proper places and develop rapidly.
(B) Theoretical basis (individual differences)
Individual differences in human physical and mental development are the psychological basis of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.
The so-called individual difference is the psychological and physiological characteristics that are relatively stable and different from others in the process of psychological activities such as cognition, emotion and will. Individual differences include intra-individual differences and inter-individual differences:
Intra-individual difference refers to the difference of different abilities within each child. The differences are obvious in different aspects or stages of his development. For example, a child's grades show that he is in grade one in reading and grade three in arithmetic.
The difference between individuals refers to the difference between individuals of the same age. For example:
1. Different children develop at different speeds and levels. If some children have developed abstract thinking well at the age of eight, and some children have not developed significantly until after the age of fourteen,
2. Different children develop in different ways. Such as strong thinking ability in images and good Chinese performance; Strong abstract thinking ability and high interest in science. Some have artistic talent, some have sports talent and some have organizational talent.
3. Different children have different personalities and psychological characteristics, such as some are quiet, some are lively, some are strong and some are weak.
Only by teaching students in accordance with their aptitude can people with different textures, personalities and intelligence levels step by step from their different starting points. So, how did Confucius teach students in accordance with their aptitude?
(c) Confucius' model of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude (asking the same question and answering different questions)
First of all, understand the situation of students and master their characteristics.
The Analects of Confucius keeps many records of Confucius' individual analysis of students' situation. For example, from the analysis of students' advantages, from the analysis of students' shortcomings, from the analysis of students' talents and specialties, from the comparative analysis of different students. He can often accurately sum up the unique advantages or disadvantages of students in concise language, even if there is only one word. He said: "firewood is also stupid; Shen; The teacher is also the monarch; You are also embarrassed. " (That is to say, Gao Chai is stupid, Zeng Shen is slow, Zhang Zi is extreme, and Luz is reckless)
Secondly, distinguish intellectual differences and teach different contents.
In order to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, Confucius paid great attention to distinguishing the differences of intelligence level and learning attitude. He divided people's intelligence into upper, middle and lower levels, which is still in line with reality. The research of modern education and psychostatistics shows that three thousandths of people have high IQ, three thousandths have low IQ, and others are normal, which conforms to the normal distribution curve. Confucius advocated teaching different contents according to this difference. He said that those with above-average intelligence can teach him difficult and profound questions; Those whose intelligence is below average can only teach him some relatively simple knowledge.
Third, according to the characteristics of students, adopt different methods.
(D) the modern model of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude began with Confucius, and after more than 2500 years of evolution, its historical eternity can be seen. Regardless of ancient and modern times, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is the most basic principle that educators should follow when conducting education and teaching.
The class teaching system has brought some difficulties to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Improving the organizational form of educational activities and diversifying it is an effective way to change this situation. So hierarchical teaching came into being. It can be said that this is the concrete application of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude in modern educational practice.
The so-called hierarchical teaching means that under the premise of keeping the original administrative class unchanged, according to the students' learning situation, learning ability and learning methods, the whole grade students are divided into several different levels of a subject and taught in different classrooms. Set different teaching objectives for different levels and adopt different teaching methods to make them "jump up and pick peaches".
From the meaning of hierarchical teaching, we can see that the idea of implementing hierarchical teaching is: admit and allow students to have differences in learning progress and learning depth; Allow students to temporarily lag behind in learning progress and thinking ability; Constantly develop the learning potential of each student; Promote students' extraordinary development under appropriate conditions. Not every student is a genius, but every student can be a genius.
The implementation of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude embodies the equality, individuality, sufficiency and subjectivity of education, and truly realizes the orientation of all students.
Therefore, we have to say that everyone is talented and no one is all-rounder; Admit differences and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
Third, inspiration and induction.
In the long-term teaching practice, Confucius discussed and summarized how to impart knowledge to achieve good teaching effect, and he put forward a very important teaching principle, which is heuristic teaching. Confucius was the first educator in the world who proposed heuristic teaching.
"Enlightening" and "giving inferences by analogy" originated from Confucius' classic judgment: "If you don't get angry, you will be threatened. If you don't make it, you will get it back."
One of the most commonly used ways of Confucius is to discuss problems with students. In the process of discussing with students, he mobilized students' initiative in thinking and deepened their understanding of the problem, rather than simply telling students the answer. The whole Analects of Confucius is a record of discussion and conversation between Confucius and students.
The Analects of Confucius also records that Confucius used cross-examination to inspire people to think. Zhang Zi asked Confucius: What can an intellectual do to be smooth and knowledgeable? Confucius didn't answer his question directly, but asked Zhang Zi: What do you mean by "close"? Confucius asked Zhang Zi, understood his crux, and gave him a targeted answer.
metaphor
Explain the truth through metaphors, and guide students to understand abstract truth by taking familiar things as examples. Confucius taught students to stand the test of cold like pines and cypresses, and compared the mistakes of gentlemen to solar and lunar eclipses.
Enlightenment and guidance to modern school education
In education and teaching, we advocate heuristic teaching and oppose injection teaching, which is the enlightenment of Confucius' teaching thought.
Instilling means that teachers regard students as "containers" that simply accept knowledge, instill knowledge into students, and ignore students' subjective initiative in learning.
Heuristic means that teachers take various effective forms from students' reality to mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm and promote students' learning through guidance.
Heuristic or injection teaching method is not a specific teaching method, but the guiding ideology of using any teaching method, which are two fundamentally opposite guiding ideology.
1, the opposition of students' views
Heuristic teaching not only admits that students are the object of education, but also the subject of cognition. It regards students as a "small tree", which is dynamic and can actively absorb knowledge. Injective teaching only recognizes students as the object of education, but denies students' main role in cognition. It regards students as a "container" for passively accepting knowledge, just like pouring water into a bottle. When it is full, it is over.
2. The opposition between teaching and learning.
Heuristic teaching emphasizes the leading role of teachers and the enthusiasm and initiative of students; For example, the "eight-character teaching method" of Shanghai Yucai Middle School: reading, discussing, practicing and speaking. From beginning to end, the lecture and implementation mainly aim at students' problems, give guidance, solve doubts and summarize, and guide students to read, discuss and practice. Fully reflect the leading role of teachers and the main position of students. Injection teaching exaggerates the leading role of teachers and ignores the subjective initiative of students. The classroom has become a stage for performing "teaching plan drama", with the teacher as the protagonist and the students who study well as the main supporting role. Most students are just ordinary "extras". In many cases, they are just "spectators" or "listeners".
3. The opposition between teaching and development.
On the relationship between teaching and development, heuristic teaching holds that the main purpose of teaching is not to impart knowledge, but to cultivate students' ability to acquire, update and discover knowledge; Injective teaching thinks that teaching is to impart knowledge and skills to students, and emphasizes that intelligence and ability are naturally improved in knowledge acquisition. The author of The Revolution of Learning points out that the task of the school is to teach students how to learn and how to think. It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. "Giving people fish" can only solve a temporary hunger, while "giving people fish" can benefit for life.
Modern China has created some enlightening teaching methods on the basis of learning teaching experience at home and abroad. For example, the "self-study counseling method" hosted by Lu Zhongheng, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; The "guiding discovery method" in the middle school affiliated to Shanghai Normal University: the eight-character teaching method of "reading, discussing, practicing and speaking" in Shanghai Yucai Middle School embodies that students are the main body of the teaching process, and the main task of teachers is to inspire and guide students to learn independently and teach them to learn.
Therefore, no matter what teaching method is adopted in teaching practice, it should reflect the guiding ideology of heuristic. Under the guidance of different ideas, various specific teaching methods can both inspire and inject. For example, the discovery method, which is an inquiry teaching method, should be enlightening. However, under the guidance of indoctrination teaching idea, teachers and students can also make rules, which becomes "spoon-feeding" in disguise. Another example is teaching method, which is mainly a recognized teaching method. If injection is the guiding ideology, there will be adverse consequences of "full-house irrigation", but if teachers can promote students' positive thinking and guide students to draw inferences, then such teaching will also be enlightening.
Fourth, be a teacher by example.
Confucius was called "the model of later generations" by later generations. Although this statement is somewhat exaggerated and touted, it is no exaggeration to say that he is a role model for later teachers. Confucius has an indispensable professional virtue for teachers.
1. Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching.
(1) Never tire of learning (requirements for teachers)
Confucius is famous for his diligent study. He showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, for fear that he could not learn it or could not learn it well. He can be said to be addicted to learning. He said that he was "never tired of learning" and was never satisfied with his studies. He thinks he may be inferior to others in other aspects, but he is better at learning. Confucius learned music from people in the state of Qi, reaching the level of "I don't know the taste of meat in March". Confucius was not only eager to learn, but also learned from his teachers. He never puts on airs. Whoever has knowledge will learn from him. His understanding of the concept of teacher is also very extensive. Anyone who has a skill and is sensible will worship as a teacher, so he said, "A threesome must have my teacher."
Never tire of learning shows the persistent pursuit of knowledge. "Reviewing the past and learning the new, you can be a teacher", which is Confucius' requirement for teachers. In order to teach well, we must learn well; In order to continuously improve the quality of teaching, we must continue to study for perfection. Teachers themselves should constantly consolidate and deepen their existing knowledge and supplement new knowledge. This is a prerequisite for being a teacher. The rapid development of science and technology and the acceleration of knowledge updating; Teachers are faced with different educational objects; Teachers are faced with various educational situations; The educational content that teachers face is ever-changing; In order to successfully complete the task, teachers need to keep learning, strive to improve their professional level, update their knowledge structure, and live to learn. It is necessary to deeply understand that "undergraduate diploma is managed for a while, and lifelong learning is managed for a lifetime" and establish the concept of lifelong learning. For example, a primary school student asked the teacher what cloned sheep was, and the teacher was vague: "Probably an animal in Africa" (a great achievement in the field of bioengineering) "Knowing what you know means knowing, and not knowing what you don't know means not knowing". The teacher should have the spirit of seeking truth from facts.
(2) tireless teaching (attitude towards students)
Confucius loved education and students very much. He said that he never got tired of teaching students. He should teach them all his knowledge without reservation and work tirelessly for them.
Confucius started running schools at the age of 27 or 28 until he died at the age of 73. For more than 40 years, he has never stopped his beloved education career, even during his years in politics and more than ten years of traveling around the world. Sima Qian said in Historical Records that Confucius had "three thousand disciples, two of whom were proficient in six arts".
Confucius' tireless teaching cannot be simply understood as teaching and imparting knowledge and skills. Confucius' tireless teaching is more about educating people, and he is tirelessly teaching his disciples how to be a man. He spent a lot of energy and time studying how to guide students to become moral people. In order to compile teaching materials, Confucius compiled many ancient documents and compiled them into teaching materials. This is also an important aspect of his tireless teaching. "If you want to have a wonderful class, you must have a class that is not wonderful." His love for students is also the emotional basis for his great contribution to education.
2. Lead by example and teach by example.
(1) Legend
Speech is the carrier of people's thoughts, ideas, knowledge and wisdom, and communication is a basic and specific way of communication and education. "Speaking words" has two basic meanings.
First, be cautious.
Strict and prudent, correct and advanced, and high quality are required. Be responsible for the consequences of speaking. We should be righteous and strict, and pay attention to language quality. You can't "say what you want" or just say it. For example, some teachers call students "mentally retarded", "wooden claws" and "pig brain". Whenever this happens, the children are always "uncomfortable and afraid to judge."
Second, words of goodwill.
That is to say, it emphasizes the ways and means of "transmission" and the art of speaking. First, the time is right and the degree is moderate. Twenty is easy to explain. Third, it is impossible to say a thousand words because of people's rumors (asking the same question and answering different questions). "You are shameless" or "I am ashamed of you", the effect will be better, you know, good medicine may not taste bitter.
(2) For example
The advantage of setting an example is that it is intuitive and infectious, characterized by influence, and can receive the effect of "moistening things silently". Example teaching has gradually formed two levels in educational practice:
(1) Be an upright person
Confucius attached great importance to teachers setting an example for students with their own standardized behavior. Therefore, teachers should be strict with themselves, "What if you can't be honest?" However, there are a few primary school teachers who educate students to be selfless, but ask their parents for gifts; Educate students to resist money worship, but charge students in the name of tutoring and tutoring; Educate students to love labor, but they just talk and don't do it; Teach students to be polite, but often swear. Teachers' duplicity and inconsistency in words and deeds have a very bad influence on students.
(2) upward effect
It contains the methods and standards for subordinates to judge and test the words and deeds of superiors. Confucius said: "His body is upright and he goes without orders; His body is not right, although he does not obey. " Can receive the effect of "peaches and plums don't say anything, the next step is self-made" and "wordless and powerful", reflecting the special value of personality charm in teaching by example. "Adults asked us to do, first of all, to do it yourself. My father told me to watch TV for only half an hour every day, but he watched it for several hours every day. " An 8-year-old boy complained.
Therefore, modern teachers should be consistent in words and deeds, consistent in conduct, integrated in body and words, comprehensively improve their own quality, and make themselves a model for students, society and the times.
The above is just my personal experience, which is more superficial than Confucius' thought. I remember an article mentioned that: 1998+ 10, the world Nobel Prize winners gathered in Paris, and put forward the conference declaration that "if human beings want to survive in 2 1 century, they must go back to 2500 years and learn from Confucius", which is enough to show the influence of Confucius in the world. There is no doubt that Confucius' educational thought is a valuable asset in our traditional education, which is of great reference significance for us to promote quality education and should be scientifically inherited and utilized. This is also the ultimate goal of our study and research on educational thoughts-making the past serve the present and making foreign things serve China.