The defense of music thesis is basically a question about some design principles and how you conceive it. Different schools ask questions in different ways. I think it is more important to master the skills of thesis defense first.
Defense skills of master's and doctoral dissertations in music
At the same time, it seems that it is time for members of the National Defense Commission to express themselves and show off. Unless you are as good as Wittgenstein, even Russell, Moore and weismann, members of the defense committee, are afraid to ask questions, because none of them can understand Wei Ge's doctoral thesis. Otherwise, you will listen to them playing around you honestly, but say it when you should, say it with a smile when you shouldn't or when you can't! That's the attitude Of course, if doctoral students want to successfully pass the defense and really play their own level in the defense, they need to know and master the essentials and art of the defense besides making full preparations before the defense. The following is a comprehensive strategy for thesis defense, dedicated to you who are anxious about your defense!
First, be confident and don't be nervous.
On the basis of full preparation, there is no need to be nervous and have confidence. It is very important to build confidence and eliminate tension and panic, because excessive tension will make the questions that can be answered impossible. Only if you are confident and calm, your defense will have a good performance. Self-confidence mainly comes from making full preparations in advance.
Second, bring the necessary information and materials.
First of all, students should bring papers and main reference materials when attending the defense meeting. As mentioned above, some colleges and universities stipulate that students can have a certain amount of time to prepare after the main defense teacher asks questions at the defense meeting, and then answer them face to face. In this case, the necessity of carrying papers and main reference materials is self-evident. Even like the Correspondence College of the Central Party School, after teachers ask questions, they don't give students time to prepare and ask for answers on the spot. But in the process of answering, you are also allowed to look through your own papers and related reference materials. Although you can't rely on these materials when defending, you can take them with you. When you can't remember for a moment, you can avoid the embarrassment and confusion of not answering. Secondly, you should also bring a pen and notebook to record the questions and valuable opinions and opinions raised by the main defense teacher. By recording, you can not only ease your nervousness, but also better understand the key and essence of the teacher's question. At the same time, you can think while recording and make the thinking process natural.
Third, after listening to the question clearly, think about it before you answer.
When the main defense teacher asks questions, the students should listen attentively and write down the answers to the questions in the notebook, and carefully examine what is the key and essence of the questions raised by the main defense teacher. Don't answer the question if you don't know its meaning. If you are not clear about the question, you can ask the teacher to say it again. If you don't understand some concepts in the question, you can ask the teacher to explain it, or you can express your understanding of the question, and ask if it means this, and then answer it after you get a positive answer. It is possible to avoid answering irrelevant questions. The answer is to the point.
Four, when the main point of view in the paper is different from the main defense teacher's point of view, you can argue with it.
In the defense, sometimes the main defense teacher will put forward a point of view different from the basic point of view in your paper, and then please talk about your point of view. At this time, you should try your best to defend your point of view and refute the opposite point of view. Among the questions asked by the main defense teacher, there are some basic knowledge questions and some academic inquiry questions. For the former question, it is not negotiable to ask you to give a correct and comprehensive answer. The latter question is still inconclusive, and people with different views can discuss it with each other. If the basic ideas of your thesis are well thought out and justified, don't give up your own ideas just because the members of the defense Committee put forward different opinions. Otherwise, it is tantamount to denying your hard-earned paper. You know, some defense teachers put forward different views from your paper, not his own. He just wants to hear your comments and opinions on this point of view, or to test your defense ability, or your firmness in your own point of view. To say the least, even if you ask the teacher your own opinion, you should argue with him with the attitude of "I love the teacher and I love the truth more". But when arguing with the defense teacher, we should pay attention to the discretion and use appropriate arguments. Generally speaking, we should give priority to defending our own views, refute each other's arguments in euphemistic language as much as possible, and input our views into each other in a questioning tone without showing any trace, so that they can be convinced orally or secretly. Let the teacher who asked questions feel that although he accepted your opinion, his self-esteem was not hurt.
Five, can't answer questions, can't refute.
Sometimes the teacher of the defense committee is not satisfied with the answer given by the respondent, and will ask further questions to find out whether the author really understands and grasps this question. In this case, if the respondent is sure to make it clear, he can state the reasons for his defense; If you are not sure, you can try to answer carefully and answer as much as you can, even if it is not exact, it doesn't matter. As long as it is related to the question, the teacher will guide and inspire you to get to the point; If it's really a problem you haven't figured out, you should be realistic and explain that you haven't figured it out, and say that you must study this problem carefully in the future, and you can't argue irrationally and quibble. Because the teacher of the defense Committee may have studied this problem specially, no matter how clever he is, he can't fool him. It should be understood here that it is not surprising that a student was asked a question at the defense meeting, because the members of the defense Committee are generally experts in this field. It is natural that they can't answer one of their questions. Of course, not all questions can be answered, and it is not normal to ask three questions without knowing.
6. Answer questions concisely.
After knowing the exact meaning of the questions raised by the main defense teacher, you should respond in a short time, speak your thoughts confidently in fluent language and positive tone, and do not hesitate. To answer questions, first, we must grasp the key points, be concise and to the point, and don't ramble, so that people can't get to the point after listening; Second, strive to be objective, comprehensive and dialectical, leaving room to avoid saying "death"; Third, it is necessary to make a concrete analysis and have a clear hierarchy. In addition, pay attention to clear words, moderate voice and so on.
Seven, be polite.
The process of thesis defense is also the process of academic thought exchange. Respondents should regard it as a good opportunity to learn from the defense teachers and experts, ask for advice and ask questions. Therefore, during the whole defense process, the respondent should respect the teachers of the defense committee and behave politely, especially when the questions raised by the main defense teacher are difficult to answer or the defense teacher's views are different from his own. After the defense is over, leave calmly and politely, regardless of the defense situation.
In addition, after graduation thesis defense, the author should listen carefully to the judgment of the defense Committee, and further analyze and think about the opinions put forward by the defense teacher and the experience and lessons of thesis writing. On the one hand, through this graduation thesis writing, I want to know what scientific research methods I have learned and mastered, and my ability to ask questions, analyze, solve problems and conduct scientific research has been improved. What are the shortcomings, as a reference for studying other topics in the future. On the other hand, we should seriously think about the questions and opinions raised by the defense teachers at the thesis defense meeting, revise our own papers, deepen our research, and seriously revise our own papers to achieve in-depth development and achieve greater results. To improve their knowledge and ability.
Defense skills of graduation thesis
Graduation thesis (homework) defense is a supplementary form of reviewing graduation thesis (homework). Generally speaking, the graduation thesis of junior college does not participate in the defense, and its thesis results are graduation design results; Graduates with bachelor degree or above must participate in the defense.
Therefore, his graduation design score is composed of article score and defense score. Finally, the evaluation team and the evaluation committee will determine and evaluate.
The thesis defense team is generally composed of three to five experts, who raise unclear, detailed, incomplete and inappropriate points in the article at the defense meeting.
Generally speaking, the questions raised by experts only involve the academic scope of the article or the problems expounded in the article, rather than the examination and examination of the comprehensive knowledge of the whole discipline.
The main purpose of graduation thesis defense is to examine the authenticity of the article, the depth of the writer's knowledge and whether the article conforms to the genre format, so as to further improve it. Through the defense, students can let experts know more about the basis of the article and the practical ability to deal with the topic. This is a rare opportunity for students to exercise and improve, and should be regarded as the "starting point" of academic research.
1) preparation of defense
Students can choose two or three questions from the following questions (question 4~ 10) according to their own reality, and prepare the report (question 1~3 is required). Generally, the time does not exceed 10 minute. It is best to recite the content without reading the manuscript paper, and the language is concise and smooth.
1. Why did you choose this topic (or topic)? What is the academic value or practical significance of studying and writing it?
2. Explain the history and present situation of this topic, that is, what research has been done, what achievements have been made, what problems have not been solved, what new ideas have been put forward and what problems have been solved.
3. Basic viewpoints and arguments of the article.
4. The specific debates on some issues in academic circles and society, as well as their own tendentious views.
5. Specific sources of important quotations.
6. The problems that should have been involved or solved were not contacted because they were unable to do so; A new idea that has little to do with the center of this article but has not been written.
7. The feasibility of the viewpoint put forward in this paper.
8. After the final version was handed over, I reread the newly discovered defects.
9. Experience in writing graduation thesis (homework).
10. Advantages and disadvantages of this article.
In short, be prepared for oral expression. Not reading the paper, nor reading the writing outline, but reading the summary.
2) the procedure of the defense meeting
1. Students make explanatory reports. (5 ~ 10 minutes)
2. The graduation defense group asked questions.
3. student defense. (Be sure to give a positive answer or excuse, and generally allow 10 to 20 minutes of preparation time).
4. Evaluation results. After the defense meeting, the defense team agreed to submit it to the examination and approval team of the degree Committee of the department or college for approval. )
3) Matters needing attention in students' defense
1. Bring your own papers, materials and notebooks.
2. Pay attention to the etiquette of opening and closing remarks.
Be calm and speak loudly and accurately so that everyone present can hear you.
4. Listen to the questions of the defense team members, pay close attention, and write down the questions in the notebook.
5. Answer questions in a short time, and answer every question with confident and fluent language and positive tone.
6. Answer questions carefully, and answer or explain the reasons for certain questions; If you are not sure, you can answer realistically and be modest without excuses.
7. Some points to pay attention to when answering questions:
1) is correct and accurate. Answer the question directly, don't change the subject, don't answer irrelevant questions.
2) focus. Grasp the theme, main points and key words, and be concise.
3) clear and clear. Cut to the chase, get to the point, don't beat around the bush.
4) answer and distinguish. Be brave in upholding the truth and correcting mistakes. Not only dare to expound their original new ideas and new opinions, but also dare to defend their correct views and refute their wrong views, and also dare to admit their shortcomings and correct their mistakes.
5) Eloquence skills. Speak Mandarin with accurate words, pay attention to logic, clear pronunciation and loud voice, and use gestures to explain the problem; Strive to be profound and vivid; The answers are fluent, persuasive and infectious, leaving a good impression on the audience.
1. The preparation work should be sufficient, and the PPT must be concise and clear.
2. First, explain the research background of the subject, and explain the purpose, value and problems to be solved of your research.
3. For literature review, be concise, only focus on the key points, and explain the research ideas, methods and results.
4. Be in a good mental state when making a report, and have confidence in your own research.
5. Answer questions quickly, understand the teacher's main points and be targeted. Know what you know and don't know what you don't know. Remember not to pretend not to know.
6. Accept the suggestion put forward by the defense teacher with an open mind, and answer tactfully even if the teacher's suggestion is not good.
7. Facial expression is very important in the whole process, show your most' beautiful' side!
I still have some experience. Let me publish it again. When reading other people's papers and defense slides, I found a small detail that many people didn't notice: the English and numbers appearing in the slides should be used in formal occasions and look more comfortable. Many people only pay attention to the unification of Chinese fonts and ignore English fonts. The whole paper or slide is full of English fonts, which looks strange. The most common thing is that both Chinese and English use Song style, and I don't know how to change English into new Roman font, hehe. There are also some special characters inserted irregularly. Maybe you don't think these little things will affect the overall situation, but as far as I know, some professors still pay more attention to this aspect. My boss is very professional in this field. He can tell at a glance which letter in your paper does not meet the requirements. Hey, hey, it makes me sweat!
Therefore, I advise you to pay attention to the editing of these English fonts, especially in the defense slides!
In addition, if it is a lady's defense, I personally think it is necessary to tidy up my appearance, if not glamorous, at least refreshing and pleasing to the eye. If you have no experience in makeup and clothing matching, you may wish to consult an expert in advance. Go to the image design studio to put on a proper light makeup and do a hairstyle. It's really no good. Maybe this is the only time in your life, and it is worthwhile to spend dozens of dollars! Anyway, I saw some senior sisters dressed like housewives with clear soup and noodles to reply, and I wondered if the judges would also wonder: Can she finish the project even if she can't clean herself up?
Every year, before the students' thesis defense, there are always students who know nothing about the content and skills of the defense and anxiously ask how to prepare the defense. This is directly related to the fact that senior students don't take part in the defense and don't actively prepare their thesis defense.
The purpose of asking students to defend their papers is definitely not to deliberately make things difficult for students, so as to show how tall the teacher is. The purpose of thesis defense is only one, to check the students' mastery and understanding of the thesis topic. Generally speaking, there will be no fewer than three questions for the teachers who take part in the thesis defense, but all the questions are within the academic scope of the thesis. Generally, they won't and can't ask questions that have nothing to do with the content of the paper, which is the scope of the topic put forward by the defense teacher.
In this large range, the main defense teacher will generally ask questions from three aspects: testing authenticity, testing ability and making up for deficiencies.
1) Authenticity test is to ask questions around the authenticity of graduation thesis.
2) Level test refers to the problems related to the main content of graduation thesis, such as testing students' level, whether the basic knowledge is solid and how deep the knowledge is, mainly the application of basic concepts, basic theories and basic principles involved in the thesis.
3) Make up for the shortcomings, that is, ask questions about the weak links in the graduation thesis, such as unclear, not detailed, incomplete, inaccurate and contradictory places in the thesis, and ask the author to supplement or explain in the defense.
According to the purpose and content of thesis defense, students should at least do the following before thesis defense.
1. Make clear the viewpoints, key problems, solutions and innovations of your paper. Try to state the above questions in concise language, which is an essential skill when you present your paper. This is also the easiest place for the defense teacher to check the authenticity. If you have no experience in makeup and clothing matching, you may wish to consult an expert in advance. Go to the image design studio to put on a proper light makeup and do a hairstyle. It's really no good. Maybe this is the only time in your life, and it is worthwhile to spend dozens of dollars! Anyway, I saw some senior sisters dressed like housewives with clear soup and noodles to reply, and I wondered if the judges would also wonder: Can she finish the project even if she can't clean herself up?
Every year, before the students' thesis defense, there are always students who know nothing about the content and skills of the defense and anxiously ask how to prepare the defense. This is directly related to the fact that senior students don't take part in the defense and don't actively prepare their thesis defense.
The purpose of asking students to defend their papers is definitely not to deliberately make things difficult for students, so as to show how tall the teacher is. The purpose of thesis defense is only one, to check the students' mastery and understanding of the thesis topic. Generally speaking, there will be no fewer than three questions for the teachers who take part in the thesis defense, but all the questions are within the academic scope of the thesis. Generally, they won't and can't ask questions that have nothing to do with the content of the paper, which is the scope of the topic put forward by the defense teacher.
In this large range, the main defense teacher will generally ask questions from three aspects: testing authenticity, testing ability and making up for deficiencies.
1) Authenticity test is to ask questions around the authenticity of graduation thesis.
2) Level test refers to the problems related to the main content of graduation thesis, such as testing students' level, whether the basic knowledge is solid and how deep the knowledge is, mainly the application of basic concepts, basic theories and basic principles involved in the thesis.
3) Make up for the shortcomings, that is, ask questions about the weak links in the graduation thesis, such as unclear, not detailed, incomplete, inaccurate and contradictory places in the thesis, and ask the author to supplement or explain in the defense.
According to the purpose and content of thesis defense, students should at least do the following before thesis defense.
1. Make clear the viewpoints, key problems, solutions and innovations of your paper. Try to state the above questions in concise language, which is an essential skill when you present your paper. This is also the easiest and most important point for the defense teacher to test the authenticity: we must highlight the innovation of the paper, sometimes it is not that there is no innovation but that the expression is not prominent enough. Carefully consider the novelty of your topic, don't be afraid, dare to speak ~ ~ especially the doctor, no innovation is basically a failure!
Be fully prepared before replying, and list the questions that the teacher may ask. In the process of defense, the logic of language is very important. The important thing to pay attention to is to remember: if you don't know the answer, don't talk nonsense, which will not only make you laugh, but also embarrass you.
I think we should also pay attention to the following questions when replying.
1, the defense must be fast. You can even ask the teacher who is asking questions without knowing it, but it's best not to have a silence, so your boss will be most embarrassed.
Pay special attention to the "new" things you put forward, because many teachers always like to ask you where the "new" is. One of our senior sisters said a few days ago that she found a "new" gene in her defense, and she was asked miserably!
3, you must be modest when you reply, even if the work is excellent! Because many of the achievements in the paper are temporary, not recognized and inconclusive!
Several problems that should be paid attention to in graduation thesis defense
Through several years of practice and observation as a member of the defense Committee, I think it is beneficial to pay attention to the following questions in the defense of graduation thesis.
First, be familiar with the content.
As a student who will take part in the graduation thesis defense, he should first have a deep understanding and comprehensive familiarity with the content of his thesis. The so-called "deep understanding" means having a horizontal grasp of the paper. These two aspects are to prepare for answering the questions raised by members of the defense Committee about the depth of the paper and related knowledge. Otherwise, there will be an embarrassing situation.
Second, the chart interspersed
Any graduation thesis, whether it is liberal arts or science, involves the possibility of expressing the views of the thesis with charts to some extent, so I think we should be prepared. Charts are not only an intuitive way to express opinions, but also a means to adjust the atmosphere of the defense meeting. Especially for the members of the private defense Committee, they will be rejected after listening for a long time, and they will no longer accept and absorb what you have discussed, which will have an impact on your graduation thesis defense performance. Therefore, you should properly insert charts or other media similar to charts in the defense process to improve your defense results.
Third, language fluency is moderate.
Students who defend their graduation thesis are usually the first time. Numerous facts have proved that when they defend in front of many students, they often speak faster and faster, so that the defense members can't hear clearly, which affects the defense results. Therefore, defensive students must pay attention to the speed of language flow in the process of defense, be urgent and slow, be light and heavy, and not bombard the audience like a barrage.
Fourth, eyes will move.
When a graduate defends a thesis, he can generally leave the manuscript, leave it half-time, or leave it at all. But no matter what kind of construction, we should pay attention to our eyes, so that our eyes often glance at the defense Committee members and classmates at the meeting. This is a way for you to make eye contact with the audience and make them interested in your topic. At the graduation thesis defense meeting, because of the long listening time, members will inevitably be distracted. At this time, you will politely "pull" their gods back with the projection of your eyes, so that the members' ideas can keep up with you.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) body language assistance
Although the graduation thesis defense is mainly oral like other defenses, proper use of body language will assist your defense and make your defense better. Especially if the gesture language is used properly, it will be confident, powerful and irrefutable. On the contrary, if you stand up straight or bow your head all the time during the defense, even if your thesis is reasonable in structure, novel in theme and correct in conclusion, the defense effect will be greatly affected. Therefore, we must pay attention to the use of modality when defending our graduation thesis.
Six, time control
Generally speaking, in a more formal defense meeting, there is a time requirement for the debater. Therefore, graduate students should pay attention to grasping the time when defending their thesis. Time should be controlled vigorously, and the deadline will end soon. In this way, you are prepared, familiar with the mastery and control of the content, and it is easy to leave a good impression on the members of the defense Committee. Therefore, there should be a time estimate of the content to be defended before the defense. Of course, the flexible reduction or increase in the process of defense is also a manifestation of time control, which needs attention.
Seven, stick to the theme
There are often many debaters when defending graduation thesis on campus. Therefore, for members of the defense committee, it is impossible for them to have a comprehensive understanding of the content of each paper, and some may even be unfamiliar with the topic. Therefore, it is very important to focus on the theme in the whole defense process and finally deduce the topic. In addition, members are generally easy to ask questions about the issues involved in the topic. If you can focus on the theme of the paper from beginning to end, it will make the judges think clearly and give recognition to your paper.
Approve your paper.
Eight, personal use
In the process of graduation thesis defense, it will inevitably involve the use of names. I suggest using the first person as much as possible, such as "I" and "we", even if the materials in the thesis are quoted from others, and where the data or materials of "we" are quoted, especially the graduation thesis is mostly written by myself, we should use the first person "I" and "we" more decisively and boldly. If so, it will give members of the National Defense Commission the impression that everything is yours and they have done a lot of work.
Slide production
1. It's best to explain your research background with a schematic diagram, not too many words;
2. The technical route of research is best represented by schematic diagram;
3. The research materials and methods can be explained simply, because the paper is already very detailed, and the professors are all experts. Don't explain a lot for a very routine experiment unless you are unique;
4. The result of the experiment is the key point, which should be explained clearly and simply;
5. Highlight the significance of your own research results in the discussion, and don't quote other people's relevant documents too much;
6. After reading the slides, you must check them carefully, and don't make low-level mistakes such as typos, which is very bad.
7. Avoid piling up a lot of words and numbers: it is best to use title slides and play them according to the title when explaining. Conversion table
It is more intuitive for statistical charts (such as histograms). Slide text should not exceed 10 lines per page, and the text font size should not be less than 5.
8. Don't leave an overwhelming room: the slides should be properly set aside, and it is forbidden to fill up the contents of each slide. It is too big to watch.
9. Taboo is too monotonous and fancy: a person looks monotonous in simple clothes, but it may not look good in colorful clothes. The vividness of slides in many aspects, such as the color matching of background and text, the proper application of pictures and animations, etc. The key is two words-"harmony"!
10. Taboo discussion rambles: Since the topic is the strength of one's knowledge, one mistake that is particularly easy to make is that there is no cohesion and rambling in the discussion process, and the result is not only suspected of "preaching" (you must know that you are a student, not a teacher! ), and often the content is complicated, exposing too many doubts and difficulties, leaving hidden dangers for the questioning part! A clever student should "tell the truth" and simply discuss around his own results. The simpler the discussion, the better, so that the questions asked are often simpler and the answers are smoother. In short, leave what you say and know to answer the question!
165438+ However, it is suggested that it is better to use this color and underline carefully to highlight in other ways, so that the layout is cleaner.
12, the combination of graphics and text is proper. Although everyone has said so, I still want to emphasize it. Because the defense is usually conducted by more than one person, but by several graduate students, the judges will inevitably feel tired. If a beautiful and clear picture can appear, it will make people shine.
13. Thank you: Finally, we must arrange a thank you page. This time, a female doctor in our hospital defended her. She used prose poems. She was sincere enough to burst into tears, and both the tutor and the judges were deeply moved. Indeed, the tutor has devoted a lot of effort to the growth of graduate students. At this critical moment of defense, it is the basic truth to express formal and sincere thanks and respect to the tutor. I suggest that you must read out the paragraphs thanking the tutor completely, and other thank-you paragraphs can be mentioned simply. With regard to the production of thank-you note pages, my suggestion is that, in view of the dark and cold background of the text, the thank-you note pages should use a warmer background, such as orange. In this way, it is in line with the common sense of psychology to turn the rigorous discussion into the keynote of humanism.
Several elements of successful defense
1 Careful preparation mainly refers to making a beautiful slide. I believe everyone will use POWERPOINT when defending. Making a giant slide will add a lot of color to your paper, especially those with pale matter. A dazzling PP can make up for the deficiency of the paper itself to a great extent.
2 Accurately grasp the time of speaking. Each group has different time, but basically everyone speaks 10- 15 minutes and asks questions for 5 minutes. The concept of time is very important when giving a speech. It must be finished within the specified time, otherwise it will be forcibly stopped by the teacher. It's best to speak in advance before a formal speech, because you know it. When speaking, try to say something important and conclusive, and it is best to ignore something unimportant in the middle.
3 Be flexible in dealing with individuals. After the speech, there is a question. When answering questions, you must be calm and believe that you are a big cow in your own discipline (in fact, this is also the case. Generally, other teachers are not very clear about the subject you are doing, only you know what you are doing. Generally, you and the teacher's questions are close, so as long as you are calm, you can easily win! In case you can't answer a tough question, there is a way to get through the risk, and that is to send a wink to your tutor at a frequency of 50Hz until he stands up for you. This is very effective and has stood the test of time.
In short, the defense is to give points by impression. The better your performance, the higher your score, so it is very important to leave a good impression on the teacher as much as possible.
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