1, Tiananmen Square: the gate of the imperial city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was built in the fifteenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 17) and completed in 1420. At first, it was just a wooden archway with three floors and five rooms, named "Chengtianmen", which means "Chengtianqiyun" and "Being ordered by heaven". Tiananmen Square is located on the traditional central axis of Beijing and consists of two parts: platform and tower. It is the most outstanding representative of the ancient city gate in China. The tower is 37.4 meters high, built on a huge stone Sumitomo podium, with red walls and yellow tiles and five arched doors, which is magnificent. There are sixty vermilion pillars on the rostrum, and the ground is paved with gold bricks, which is as flat as a rock; Tall and gorgeous wall platforms, two-story double-eaved buildings, yellow glazed tiles, nine rooms in the east and west, and five rooms in the north and south symbolize the ninth five-year plan of imperial power. There are rhombic gates on the north and south sides, and there are 36 vermilion rhombic gates; Traditional golden dragon paintings and auspicious patterns are carved on ceilings, arches and beams. The gilded brocade and dragon ceiling caisson of "Shuanglong Seal" make the whole hall solemn and magnificent. The temple consists of a 450kg octagonal palace lantern and 16 hexagonal palace lanterns, each weighing 350kg, with the pattern of stars holding the moon. There are five gates under the city gate, and the largest gate in the middle is located on the central axis of Beijing Imperial City. In the past, only the emperor could go in and out of this gate. At present, a huge portrait of Mao Zedong hangs above the door, with big slogans of "Long live People's Republic of China (PRC)" and "Long live the great unity of the people of the world" written on both sides. Jinshui River, clear water pillow and seven beautiful white marble bridges opened in front of the door are commonly known as Jinshui Bridge. The bridge deck is slightly arched, and the bridge is like a rainbow, forming a beautiful curve. In the imperial era, the most conspicuous bridge deck engraved with the dragon's stigma in the middle was called the "Imperial Bridge", and only the emperor was allowed to pass. There are two bridge decks carved with lotus stigmas on the left and right, which only the prince can cross. It is called "Wang Gong Bridge". Only ministers of civil and military affairs with three or more qualities can pass on both sides, which is called "grade bridge"; The farthest ordinary relief stone bridge is the bridge where officials and soldiers below Grade 4 leave, and it is called "Gong Sheng Bridge". On the east and west sides of the south of the bridge, white marble and yuhua tables stand on each side, and clouds circle the dragon plate, which is very imposing. 1 949 65438+1October1,People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) held the founding ceremony here, which became the symbol of modern China and was designed as the national emblem. Tiananmen Square, with more than 500 years of heavy historical connotation, highly concentrated ancient civilization and modern civilization of China, and the symbol of new China, is the place that people of all ethnic groups in China yearn for. 2. Forbidden City-Forbidden City: Located in the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is the palace of the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the 24 th generation, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient architectural complex in the world. The Forbidden City was built in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406), and was basically completed in 1420. It was founded by Emperor Judy of the Ming Dynasty, and its construction lasted 1420 years. Kuai Xiang (1397- 148 1 year, from Suzhou) was a designer in the early Ming Dynasty. After the completion of the Forbidden City, it experienced more than 500 years of history in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and about 500 years after the abdication of the Qing emperor in19/1,it experienced 24 emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is synonymous with the highest ruling core of Ming and Qing Dynasties. 3. Badaling Great Wall:: It is the most well-preserved and representative section of the Ming Great Wall and the essence of the Ming Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of Guangou Ancient Road, Jundushan, Yanqing County, Beijing, more than 70 kilometers away from the urban area. Badaling Great Wall is a part of Wan Li Great Wall, and Wan Li Great Wall is a great defense project in ancient China and a pass of Ming Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall was the first section of the Great Wall opened to tourists in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Scenic Area is dominated by Badaling Great Wall, and complete tourist service facilities such as Badaling Hotel and China Great Wall Museum have been built. Badaling Scenic Area is famous for its magnificent landscape, perfect facilities and profound cultural and historical connotations. 4. Beihai Park: Beihai Park is located in the center of Beijing, northwest of the Forbidden City, and is also known as the three oceans with the China Sea and the South China Sea. Belongs to the ancient royal gardens in China. The whole park is centered on Beihai, originally built in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and built for the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the oldest, most complete, most comprehensive and most representative royal gardens in China. It opened in 1925. It is a beautiful and picturesque ancient garden. Known as "the earliest royal garden in the world", it is one of the oldest and best-preserved royal gardens in China. 5. Summer Palace (Royal Garden) The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, about 15 kilometers away from the city center, covering an area of 290 hectares. Also known as the Summer Palace, it is the most complete and largest royal garden in China and one of the world-famous tourist attractions. Originally a court garden in the Qing Dynasty, it was called "Supporting Taihe". The promenade, Zhou Shi, Buddha Pavilion, Baoyun Pavilion, Grand Theatre Building, Seventeen-hole Bridge, Jade Belt Bridge and other buildings in the garden can be regarded as treasures in the world architectural culture. It has a very high position in the history of Chinese and foreign garden art. The whole garden is divided into three parts: Wanshou Qianshan, Kunming Lake and Houshan Houhu. Qian Shan, with Foxiang Pavilion as the center, has formed a huge main building complex, which is magnificent. The rippling Kunming Lake is laid flat at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, accounting for about 3/4 of the whole park area. There is a South Lake Island in the lake, which is connected with the shore by a beautiful 17 span bridge. There is a west embankment on the west side of the lake, on which six beautiful bridges are built. After the mountains and lakes, the clear water flows back, and Gu Song is majestic and the environment is quiet.
6. Temple of Heaven Park: The Temple of Heaven is a place where emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to heaven and prayed for blessings. It is the largest existing ancient sacrificial building complex in China. Together with the Forbidden City, it was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. Tiantan Park is located in Tiantan Road, Chongwen District, Beijing, outside Zhengyangmen and east of Yongdingmen Road. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties sacrificed to God in winter solstice and prayed for the valley in the first month. It is the largest and most perfect ancient architectural complex in the world. The total area is 2.73 million square meters. 19 18 officially opened. The Temple of Heaven was built in imitation of Nanjing in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420) to worship the afterlife of the emperor. In the ninth year of Jiajing (1530), Emperor Jiajing listened to the minister's words: "The ancients worshipped heaven in the round mound and the earth in the square mound. Hilly people, hills on the ground in the southern suburbs, are as high as the sky. Fangqiu is a hill in the northern suburbs of Zezhong, and the hill goes down to the ground. " So I decided to divide the sacrifices into heaven and earth, build a dome to worship heaven in the south of the Great Sacrifice Hall, and build another Fang Zetan to worship heaven outside the Anding Gate in the north city. In the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Waqiu was renamed Tiantan and Fangze Ditan. After the temple was abandoned, it was turned into a prayer altar. In the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), the altar of praying for the valley was abandoned, and another hall was built on it in the nineteenth year, which was completed in the twenty-fourth year. In the 16th year of Qing Qianlong (175 1), it was renamed Hall of Praying for the New Year. After many repairs and expansions, the Hall of Prayer for the New Year is a magnificent and unique building with national style. The dome-shaped roof of the three-story eaves is covered with blue glazed tiles symbolizing "the sky", which contract upward layer by layer. There is a seal on the wooden structure under the eaves, which is located on the base of white marble. From a distance, the color contrast is strong and harmonious, and the upper and lower shapes are unified and changeable.
7. Xiangshan Park (Xiangshan Hongye) Xiangshan is located at the east foot of Xishan Mountain in the northwest suburb of Beijing. It is a famous large-scale mountain park with the characteristics of royal gardens, covering an area of about150,000 square meters. The famous scenic spots on the mountain include Zhao Temple, Shuangqing Mountain Villa, Ghost Seeing Sorrow, Cuijing Lake, Wangfengge, Xishan Yanxue, Senyudi and Chaoyang Cave. Xiangshan Park has steep terrain, overlapping peaks and lush trees. The main peak censer peak (commonly known as Ghost Seeing Sorrow) is 557 meters above sea level. There are more than 260,000 trees in the park, including more than 5,800 ancient and famous trees. Man and nature live in harmony, birds and insects are singing, and squirrels are playing in the ravine forest. Spring is full of flowers, summer is cool and pleasant, and winter is covered with silver. Especially the red leaves in Xiangshan are the most famous. Every time I go to first frost, the mountains are covered with yellow grass, which is in full swing and magnificent, and it is one of the "New Sixteen Scenes of Beijing".
8. Dushi Scenic Area: Located in the southwest of Beijing, more than 70 kilometers away from the urban area, with an area of 30 1 km2, it is the only natural scenic area in northern China featuring karst peaks, mountains and canyons. There are more than 20 major scenic spots in Du Fu's poems, including one in Zhang Fang at the eastern end, where there are beautiful mountains and rivers and beautiful scenery. Downstream is the second to sixth ferry, and the rocks along the coast are sharp and beautiful. The main scenery is the peak of the book case, Bijia Mountain and Qianzu Window. From Qidu to Du Shi, mountains and rivers are like forests, and the landscape is the most magnificent. The whole Du Shi is quiet and elegant, accompanied by beaches and green hills, which is particularly exquisite and unique. It is a resort for spring and autumn outing, especially in summer vacation. 9. Zhoukoudian Site: Zhoukoudian Site Museum is located at the foot of Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing, 48 kilometers away from the urban area. Built in 1953 near Zhoukoudian Peking man site. It is the most abundant, systematic and valuable human site in the early Paleolithic period in the world, and is listed as a "world cultural heritage" by UNESCO. Peking man site is located in the west of Zhoukoudian village, with two hills parallel to the east and west. There is a big cave in the east, commonly known as the Ape Cave. After 1929, it was called the first site of Zhoukoudian, which was about140m long from east to west and 20m wide in the middle. "Beijingers" lived in Zhoukoudian about 600,000 years ago and continued until more than 200,000 years ago. The culture of "Beijingers" began more than 600,000 years ago, to more than 400,000 years ago, with a middle period of 400,000-300,000 years ago and a late period of 300,000-200,000 years ago. Zhoukoudian Peking man site is famous for its relatively complete Peking man fossils unearthed in the 1920s, especially the first Peking man skull discovered in 1929, which provided a solid foundation for Peking man's existence and became a milestone in the history of ancient human research. It is estimated that the height of Beijingers is 156 cm (male) and 150 cm (female). Beijingers belong to the Stone Age, and the main method of processing stone tools is hammering, followed by smashing and occasionally anvil striking. Beijingers were also the earliest ancient humans who used fire and hunted large animals. According to statistics, 68.2% of Beijingers 14 years old died, and less than 4.5% were over 50 years old.
10, Longqingxia: Longqingxia Natural Scenic Area is located at15km northeast of Yanqing County (Gucheng Village), 85km away from the urban area, and it is a natural canyon through which the Gucheng River passes. Known as "Little Lijiang River beyond the Great Wall" and "Little Three Gorges in China". Longqingxia was called "Nine Songs of Ancient City" in ancient times. Its water source is at the foot of Haituo Mountain and flows into Gucheng Reservoir via Du Yu. The scenic spot combines the charm and beauty of the southern landscape with the grandeur of the northern landscape. The canyon winds and the river is long and green. Cliffs on both sides of the river are steep, forests are dense, and exposed limestone forms strange shapes, especially caves and stalagmites, stone pillars and stone faults formed by years of running water erosion, which are very similar to the rocks of Lijiang River. Only by looking up at the peaks can we feel the majesty of the cliffs in the north. Jiguan Mountain in Longqingxia Scenic Area: also known as Duxiufeng and Guan Feng Island. Surrounded by water on three sides, one peak dominates. It is about 70 meters from the top of the mountain to the surface of the water. From the front, it looks like a rooster lying down, which is the landmark landscape of Longqingxia.
Fairy Garden: Located at the highest peak of the scenic spot, more than 200 meters away from the water, there is Gu Song in the courtyard, with a height of 24.7 meters, a DBH of about 0.6 meters and a tree age of about 300 years. Xianyuan is divided into upper and lower halls, Jade Emperor Pavilion and God Teahouse.
Baihua Cave: 320 meters long, with an exhibition area of 3,000 square meters. There are 65,438+0,650 kinds of artificial flowers and trees decorated with animals and birds. Baihuadong is divided into many flowers, tropical rain forest, northern scenery, small scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, morning flowers and so on.
1 1, Juesheng Temple (Dazhong Temple) (Dazhongyuan) Dazhongsi is located on the north side of the North Third Ring Road, also known as the China Ancient Bell Museum, which is named after a big bronze bell hanging in the big bell hall of the temple. It is a special museum with Zhong culture as the carrier to carry out academic research, exhibitions, popular science propaganda and social education activities. It is a youth education base and a popular science education base recognized by Beijing. At present, the Dazhong Temple Ancient Clock Museum has 439 sets of clock cultural relics, 12, Bailongtan (Longtan Shuyu). The beautiful Bailongtan Scenic Area has beautiful scenery, beautiful waterfalls, rugged rocks, pines and cypresses. Longquan Temple and Wulong Temple in the scenic spot were built in the Song Dynasty, and there are inscriptions by famous people such as Qi Jiguang, Gan Long, Kang Youwei, Li Hongzhang and Yuan Shikai. Bailongtan is unfathomable. According to legend, there lived a white dragon in the pool, which rained widely in Mao Mao, benefiting the people, being responsive and extremely effective. "White dragon drinking pool in the daytime, trimming tail and hanging stone wall" is a poem left here by Su Zhe, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. 13, Ming Tombs: The Ming Tombs were buried after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing 13 emperors' tombs. Tianshou Mountain is located at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in Changping District, northwest suburb of Beijing. From May of the seventh year of Yongle (1409), Changling was established here, and the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, was buried in Siling. In the past 230 years, 13 tombs of emperors, 7 tombs of concubines and 1 tombs of eunuchs have been built successively. Thirteen emperors, 23 queens, two princes, more than 30 concubines and a eunuch were buried. The Ming Tombs are the general name of the royal tombs of 13 emperors after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. There are Changling (Chengzu), Xianling (Renzong), Jingling (Xuanzong), Yuling (Yingzong), Maoling (Xianzong), Tailing (Xiaozong), Kangling (Wuzong) and Yongling (Sejong) in turn. The scenic spots that have been opened are Changling, Dingling, Zhaoling and Lu Shen. The most famous tombs are Changling and Dingling. 14, Lugou Bridge: It is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. It is on the Yongding River in Fengtai District, about15km southwest of Beijing. Yongding River was originally named Lugou River, and the bridge was also named after Lugou. It is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. Lugou Bridge is 266.5 meters long, 7.5 meters wide and 9.3 meters at its widest point. There are ten piers with bridge holes 1 1. The whole bridge is a stone structure, and the key parts are connected by silver ingots and tenons. It is the longest ancient stone bridge in northern China. Italian traveler Kyle Poirot praised "it is the best and unique bridge in the world" in his travel notes. 15, Mutianyu Great Wall: "It is connected to the Xianyuantai of Bohai Sea in the east, and the Yong Cui Zidie is reflected in the west". Mutianyu Great Wall is one of the famous Great Wall attractions in Beijing. It is located in Huairou County, Beijing, 73 kilometers away from Beijing. It is the essence of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty. According to literature research, Mutianyu Great Wall was built in Beiqi Great Wall by Xu Da, a general under Zhu Yuanzhang in the early Ming Dynasty, and it was the first Great Wall built in Ming Dynasty. Mutianyu Great Wall has a unique architectural style, dense enemy towers and dangerous passes, and there are cribs on both sides of the city. Mutianyu Great Wall Tourist Area is surrounded by mountains and has beautiful scenery. In spring, flowers are in full bloom; In summer, the mountains and rivers are beautiful; In autumn, the red leaves are full of mountains and the fruits are numerous; In winter, it is covered with snow and has a northland scenery, enjoying the reputation of "Wan Li Great Wall is unique" at home and abroad. Mutianyu Great Wall was rated as one of the new Beijing 16 scenic spots by 1987, and the highest tourist destination in Beijing by 1992. In 2002, it was rated as 4A-level scenic spot.
16, Beijing Grand View Garden: The Grand View Garden is located on the moat west of You 'anmen. It is an antique garden, which reproduces the landscape of "Grand View Garden" in China's famous classic A Dream of Red Mansions. Located in Nancaiyuan, Xuanwu District (next to the moat in the southwest corner of the city). The original site was the Royal Garden of Ming and Qing Dynasties, where the "Book Department" was set up in the Ming Dynasty. 1984 The TV series A Dream of Red Mansions was built according to the description in the book, using China's classical architectural techniques and traditional gardening techniques, and after discussions among redologists, ancient architects, gardeners and experts in Qing history. Garden architecture, landscape system, plant landscaping, sketch embellishment, etc. Everything in the garden strives to be faithful to the original fashion and detailed description. The Grand View Garden in A Dream of Red Mansions is a villa built for the first lady of Yuan Chun Jia's family, so the ancient costume performances of "Yuan Fei's relatives" are held regularly in the garden. The Grand View Garden has a total area of 12.5 hectares, a building area of more than 8,000 square meters, a drainage system of 24,000 square meters, and 60,000 piles of earthwork. There are five courtyard scenic spots, three natural scenic spots, one Buddhist temple scenic spot and one temple scenic spot in the whole park, with a total of more than 40 scenic spots. It is one of the 40 new 16 scenic spots in Beijing and the national tourist attractions. The Grand View Garden is located on the moat west of You 'anmen.