This tutorial is followed by five minutes to understand couplets.

If in doubt, please refer to the author's QQ group: Poetry and Songs 2 14534026.

The purpose of this course is to explain in detail the rhyme of horseshoe, poem, fishing rod, level tone and flat tail, leaving other issues out of consideration.

Yilianyun

First of all, let me talk about the flat and even rules of couplets, that is, the flat and even rhyme of couplets, which is called couplet rhyme for short.

Now, from the phonological development of couplets, couplets are born out of law.

Poetry (as for the short process), originally written as a training poem, was later widely circulated among the people, so it developed independently from poetry and became a well-known thing.

The development of rhyme began in the Tang Dynasty with "A- two even lines with three even lines alternating" and in the Ming Dynasty with "B- all even lines alternating".

1 the development distance of Li Anyun

(1) The development from A to B is similar to that from Tang poetry to Song poetry. Most of the poets in the Tang Dynasty have finished the regular poems. Naturally, by the end of the Tang Dynasty, many people wanted to write beautiful poems, and the words had been used up by their predecessors. At this time, it was really "a clever woman can't cook without rice", but the rule is that people are alive, so Tang poetry was developed into "poetry".

(2) However, the same is true of couplets. The rule of restricting even lines is "every two occasionally alternate three even lines, three even lines". Chinese characters are restricted a lot. Although there are many Chinese characters, they will always be used up after three generations of Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties. So the rhyme has been relaxed during this time. After the development of the poetic style of the Tang Dynasty, "three lines" and "three lines" appeared.

At first, all-in-one B was just a couplet game, but it was not common and could only be discussed as a special case. As for why couplets can also be called a kind of couplet rhyme, such couplets also follow the basic level of couplet (couplet), and at the same time, such couplets mostly appear in clever or ironic couplets, so they are only regarded as couplings. However, the basic couplets must be observed. As for some couplets, they are not shoulder poles, but generally appear in celebrity couplets and organ couplets. Most celebrity couplets are because they don't understand couplets (we who study poetry know one thing, the poems of great men, such as politicians and other non-professional poets, are rarely read by beginners). such as

Post-Sun Yat-sen is bright and honest.

Part I: The revolution has not yet succeeded.

Part II: Comrades still have to work hard.

(even from beginning to end)

Organ Association:

Part I: Fortunately, I am early and calm;

The second part: If we want to do this, we must return to China.

-Su Shi answered Liu Gongfu's farewell, homophonic couplets.

(This is a flat one. This pair is all homophonic medicine names. This pair will be introduced later. )

What is the most important thing about couplets? (See "Classification of Couplets" below)

(3) Between A and B, it can be said that it is from "three companies" to "all companies", during which there is a kind of "four companies".

For example:

The five-character arrangement of a sentence in Li Bai's "Song of Complaints" (including the sound of flat and flat)

But youth will never last forever, and green hair will eventually turn white and turn into frost. (Ancient: average, average)

(The previous sentence is all flat)

Xie Lingyun's Poems

Spring grass grows in the pool, and willow flowers bloom in the garden (ancient: flat and flat, flat and flat)

2 rhyming classification

Li Anyun can be divided into horseshoe rhyme, poetic rhyme, fishing rod rhyme and whole rhyme.

(1) horseshoe rhyme

In ancient poems, they put forward a kind of perfect level tone through the study of poetic meter and level tone, that is, the rhyme beauty of "level tone alternating in pairs" is the most beautiful, because its level tone is rigorous, and the level tone law of horseshoe rhyme is "level tone alternating in pairs", so this sentence pattern.

Horseshoe rhyme sentence pattern

Siyanlian

Part 1: flatness and uniformity

The bottom line is: it's flat.

Wu Yanlian

Part I: Ping and Ping-Ping and Ping.

The bottom line is: flat, flat, flat.

Liu Yanlian

The first part: mediocre.

Bottom line: flat and faint.

Qi Yanlian

Part I: Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat

Bottom line: Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.

Clause association

Part I: Flat (the front and back clauses are alternately flat and uneven)

Bottom line: mediocre, mediocre.

The first part: Xu, Ping and Xu.

Bottom line: Ping, Xu, Ping

It can be seen that the training rules of horseshoe rhyme are extremely strict.

A, the upper and lower parts are opposite.

B four-character, five-character, six-character, seven-character and other sentence patterns, regardless of the upper and lower couplet, should follow this sentence pattern.

In sentence C, the clause feet of the upper couplet are flat and parallel, and the same couplet cannot end in flat and parallel.

So it is no wonder that it is called the perfect rhyme.

(2) Poetry rhythm

The rhythm of poetry is based on the rules of flat lines, such as "D 135, 246 is distinct" and "every two flat lines occasionally alternate three even lines, three even lines".

Siyanlian

Part I: X-Y Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.

The bottom line is: x-y-z-z-z-z.

(XYZ can be x or y or z according to d)

This is much easier than horseshoe rhyme.

Wu Yanlian

Part I: Pingping Ping.

Bottom line: 1 Pingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingpingping.

(According to d, 1.2.3 can be correct, but the best rhyme is 1. )

The first part: flat and flat, the second part: () flat and flat [() is fair and flat]

The first part: mediocre, the second part: () mediocre [() mediocre, but not four consecutive parts]

I won't list the others one by one.

(3) Fishing rod rhyme

The rhyme of the poem "every two are even three levels and three lines" (relatively easy, close to perfection) has developed to "every two are even three lines and three lines, or even four lines and four lines" (too easy), which is even four lines and four lines.

This fishing rod rhyme is not common in couplets. It first appeared in the ancient poetic style, and it is impossible for rhythmic poetry to appear (rhythmic poetry is at most three or even three couplets).

The characteristic of fishing rod rhyme is "four even lines", but it is not "four even lines", so fishing rod rhyme is only found in five-character poems and seven-character poems (six-character poems are rare), so it is rare to see five-character couplets, six-character couplets and seven-character couplets in couplets, and it is even harder to see more than seven-character couplets.

But it is rare but also exists, so it is also used for research.

Example:

Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows become songbirds. (Ancient: Flat and Flat, Flat and Flat) —— Xie Lingyun's Climbing the Pool and Going Upstairs

The moon is cloudy and the pond shines here. (Ancient: Pingping Pingping, Ruoping Pingping) —— Looking at the Moon in the Wild Pond by Yao.

Singing alone and watching the flight. (Ancient: Bai Juyi's "North Pavilion")

The format of fishing rod rhyme is only five-word couplet, six-word couplet and seven-word couplet, but fishing rod rhyme is even rarer than Quanping rhyme in the history of couplets, so it is best to declare it when making sentences, because not all the couplet friends are familiar with fishing rod rhyme.

Wu Yanlian

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. )

Liu Yanlian

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat and light, flat and light. (According to "135 regardless of 246", these two formats can be mixed. )

Qi Yanlian

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat and light, flat and light.

…………

As long as it is not "three flat tails, three broken tails, four flat tails and four broken tails", couplets are "four even lines, four even lines". These two characteristics will do.

(4) Omni-directional and full rhyme

This is relatively simple, from poetic rhyme to fishing rod rhyme, so now it is "five even lines, five even lines", that is, the five-character couplet is even, but remember that this only allows even lines, and does not support the "five even lines, five even lines" above the six-character couplet.

The format of full-scale rhyme is full synchronization and full synchronization.

It's sunny and birds are talking around the house; As soon as the door is opened, the mountains are deep and the flowers are deep. (archaic sound: the upper part is complete and the lower part is flat)

But this couplet is extremely rare and is only used as a game. Therefore, it is generally not recommended for beginners to learn couplets according to their rhymes, because couplets seem to greatly relax the restrictions on the number of Chinese characters as long as they last for a few days, but they are actually invisible.

Note: Full circle rhyme and full circle rhyme can be treated with horseshoe rhyme or poetic rhyme.

Application of couplet rhyme

Couplets can be divided into artistic conception couplet, organ couplet and unfeeling couplet. Here, it is only classified as speaking this course first, and couplets can be classified in other ways. )

1 Artistic conception couplets put artistic conception first, emphasizing the overall beauty and artistic conception beauty of couplets, while couplets have structural beauty and phonological beauty. Therefore, when using horseshoe rhyme and poetic rhyme, we should strictly abide by the principle of "135 regardless, 246 distinct".

Water and the sky are the same color.

There is no limit to romance-Li Bai

Gu: Flat and flat.

be plain and simple

(2) Water flowing from the stone edge is cold.

The wind gives off fragrance from flowers-Su Xun.

Gu: Flat and flat.

Very flat, very flat.

(3) Rain awakens poems and dreams to banana leaves.

Lotus grows in the sound of books in the wind-Xu Wei

Ancient: Flat and flat, flat and flat.

Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.

(4) If the sky is affectionate, it will be old.

The full moon is like regret-release the year.

Ancient: Flat and flat, flat and flat.

Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.

On the premise that there is no connection between the upper couplet and the lower couplet, the flat structure of antithesis is strict, so horseshoe rhyme and poetic rhyme can't be used together with fishing rod rhyme and full flat, and the "135 is not divided, 246 is distinct" is strictly observed.

(1) Tai Chi two instruments give birth to four images.

A moment in spring is worth a thousand dollars-Ji Xiaolan.

Gu: Flat and flat.

Flat and light.

(2) the wood is half dead, rest the axe.

Really irrelevant.

Gu: Flat and flat.

Very flat, very flat.

(3) With Yang San dead, there is no ugliness in Beijing.

Mr Li Er is a traitor.

Ancient: Flat and flat, flat and flat.

Ordinary, ordinary, ordinary.

(4) Huangmeitian in May

Samsung brandy

Antique: It's so flat.

be plain and simple

The combination of organs is based on organs, so the fight is based on breaking organs first and phonology later. Therefore, you can choose horseshoe rhyme, poetic rhyme, fishing rod rhyme and full-level rhyme according to the difficulty of organs, but you don't have to follow the principle of "135, 246 is clear".

Horseshoe rhyme is rare in organ association.

(1) Sunshine, Moon and Stars

Ode to elegance in four poems

Ancient times: flat and even.

Very flat, very flat.

Analysis: the three lights are the sun, the moon and the stars, so the second couplet must use three proper nouns, but this couplet is combined with the "three", and the four poems are divided into four sentences: ode to the wind, elegance and elegance.

To solve the problem of phonology, there is no clear distinction between "135" and "246", because this couplet is almost absolute, so there is no harmonious sentence, so breaking the organ first reduces the requirements for phonology, which does not mean that the couplet is flat and even.

(2) Jin Mu's five elements of fire, water and soil.

Four men and Hou bozi men

Ancient: Flat and flat, flat and flat.

It is flat. It is flat.

This sentence has almost become a quatrain couplet, but it is a fishing rod rhyme, but "four tails" are forbidden. This sentence may be an organ made by the author because he doesn't know much about even words, so the beautiful rhyme of the sentence makes up for the lack of even words.

(3) People have seven emotions: joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love, evil and desire.

Ancient: Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping.

Classics of Six Arts, Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn Period

Ancient: Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping.

This sentence is basically out of touch, and the "seven emotions" are hard connected. You can use "seven stars" but cross your hands with "seven". In the end, only six classics can be found, which happens to have the word "Spring and Autumn". If there is no pause after the sentence.

People have seven emotions, anger, sorrow, fear, love and evil desire; (archaic: flat and flat, flat and flat)

After the six arts, poetry, books, rituals and music are easy to spring and autumn. (archaic: flat and flat, flat and flat)

That's right, but the sentence will make four even lines, so the ancients made sentences with great care, but it was difficult to find the sentence, so they relaxed the requirement of "level" for this sentence.

Again, although organ couplets take organ first, you must be very careful in making sentences. When the organ is interesting, it should also conform to the law of flat and even, and you can use horseshoe rhyme, poetic rhyme, fishing rod rhyme and full and even rhyme.

Sentence requirements are not without requirements, but gradually relaxed:

1 First of all, break the mechanism.

There is a saying that means

3. Plane set

4 Abide by the principle of "No matter what 135 is, 246 is clear"

Make sentences with horseshoe rhyme, and deal with them with horseshoe rhyme or poetic rhyme.

The rhyme of fishing rod in the sentence should be treated with horseshoe rhyme, poem rhyme or fishing rod rhyme.

People who use rhyme in a sentence must use horseshoe rhyme, poetic rhyme or rhyme.

8 If the sentence is difficult to be correct, take "1, 2,3" first, and you can give up the requirement of "4".

If there is still no antithesis after observing "8", you can give up "5, 6, 7".

10 If there is still no duality after observing "9", you can give up "3".

According to these ten rules, Su Shi confronted each other in his last article.

Part I: Fortunately, I am early and calm; (so-so, so-so.

The second part: If we want to do this, we must return to China. (Pingping, Pingping)

-Su Shi answered Gong Liu's father's farewell speech, homophonic couplets.

Analysis:

Apricot (apricot), plum (jujube) and plum (plum) are all fruit names, and Youyou is the name of medicine.

Nai (pomelo), Zhe (red) and Shi (persimmon) are all fruit names, while Danggui is the name of medicine.

This is hardly right, and it is almost absolute.

Third, rhyme is doubtful.

1 Can "three flat tails and three narrow tails" be used in couplets?

The "three-level tail" and "three-level tail" have long existed in metrical poems, because there is a saying of "depression" in metrical poems, that is, the former poem is unbalanced and the latter poem can make up for it.

Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain. (Ancient: Flat and Flat, Flat and Flat) —— Li Bai's Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain

This river won't divert the stones from your disposal, and you will always regret that you will destroy Wu's unwise. (Ancient: Flat and Flat, Flat and Flat)-Du Fu's Eight Arrays

Clear light is not exclusive, but also a white cloud teacher. (ancient: flat and flat, flat and flat. )-Bai Juyi's Taking a fancy to Nanshan Autumn Snow with Liu Langzhong

The scale is far from the peak, and the lake is bright and spring. (Ancient: Flat and Flat, Flat and Flat) —— Li Qi's "Sending Zhu Jinghu"

A mountain is divided into four tops, overlooking Pinghu on three sides. (Ancient: Flat and flat, flat and flat, there are three troubles here)-Siding Mountain in Luo Yin

Because "three different tails" and "three flat tails" are common in metrical poems and classical poems, but they are also rare in metrical poems.

In the poetic law, "Saint Xun Wei" and "Saint Wei Ping" can be saved by the next sentence or the previous sentence, but they can't appear at the same time, and the antithesis can only be handled according to the rhyme of poetry or horseshoe.

Therefore, it already exists in poetry, and of course it can also be used in couplets, but it can not be used in horseshoe rhyme, but only in poetic rhyme.

Why are most of the celebrity couplets you see flat and uneven?

(1) The ancients mostly used archaic sounds. But the old tone is different from the present one, that is, Mandarin, and the old tone is Minnan. Besides Minnan, there are other dialects. Most of the ancients used their own dialects to distinguish the four tones, but this reason is only a few.

(2) Most of the reasons are that some celebrities can't even write couplets. For example, the couplets written by celebrities are mostly beautiful in rhythm and few in typos.

3. Why do couplets have to be leveled?

Couplets emphasize duality and levelness. Duality exists in 300 Poems, and it is more common in sage books, such as The Book of Songs, Laozi and Songs of the South. In the Tang Dynasty, the poetic law was formed, and the leveling of couplets was really established, and it has been developing until now.

China's earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs, which is an ancient folk song, including wind, elegance and ode, all from folk singers. Therefore, all the poems in The Book of Songs emphasize the beauty of music, rhythm and melody, so the tone of ancient poems was highly valued at that time, and later the development of poems was based on The Book of Songs. Therefore, couplets also attract the beauty of music, rhythm and melody of poetry, so we should emphasize even more.

4. Are couplets suitable for ancient sounds or modern sounds?

Most of the ancients wrote poems with the four tones of the local dialect, but the mandarin and dialects of the past dynasties were on the same level. Different from modern Mandarin, Mandarin does not retain tones, so it has caused great problems in inheriting the phonological beauty of ancient poetry.

The ancients trained four tones in local dialects when they were young, but modern people don't have these trainings. They only use Mandarin as their mother tongue to educate them, but they have not trained four tones. The strangest thing, however, is that they appreciate ancient poems in Mandarin, they appreciate them in ancient sounds, and they read aloud in local dialects, because the rhyme and level of ancient poems are different from today's voices, such as "others laugh at me for being too crazy, and I laugh at others for not being able to see through."

Therefore, whether the couplets should use the ancient sound or the modern sound is still inconclusive. Personally, I think it should be based on the premise of carrying forward people's poems. Just like the ancients, it is better to develop couplets with ancient sounds or modern sounds.

Judging from the present literary development, the archaic sound can't be abandoned, because too many poems and essays in China are written in archaic sound, and modern people lack the training of archaic sound, so they often regard modern sound as poems and couplets, so the present situation is that archaic sound and modern sound develop in parallel.

5 what problems will the student union encounter in the process?

1 Beginners don't understand the level, so that couplets have no musical beauty, only duality has no musical beauty.

2 Some competitive couplets will start with organ couplets, and blunt organs can easily show their literary talent. As for whether their literary talent is profound or not, others will know by reading your sentences, because people with deep knowledge of couplets often read many famous sayings, and couplets are bound to have poetic musical beauty and rhythmic beauty.

(1) As an official league, you often meet some outspoken official league friends. Most of them will regard the official couplet as a crossword puzzle or crossword puzzle.

As I can see, there is a similar saying:

The evil spirits are playing in the post, and there is no left up and down.

Analysis: The three directions of the word "fierce" in Gangqu are reversed, which can skillfully align organs.

The evil spirits are playing in the post, and there is no left up and down.

Word of mouth, the four sides are the same shape.

Analysis: the mouth is the same shape up and down, left and right.

I don't want to criticize some couplets here, but I just want to tell beginners that they may encounter these couplets and not be discouraged from playing them. Couplets are tools to cultivate temperament, aiming at leisure and enjoyment.

(2) When some people write couplets in artistic conception, they will also encounter sentences that they can't understand, but they think that others don't care about the situation. Of course, this is subjective, but you can't say that you are better than others just because you can't understand the meaning of the sentence, because making couplets is not to make the other person shrink back, but to make the other person fall in love with couplets, otherwise you will be stumped by all the couplets, and you won't be more bored playing couplets alone.

Sentence: the wind suddenly blooms, and I don't know the blue sea and blue sky.

Dialogue: Rain can drain the residual wine, and it should be green, fat and thin.

The screenwriter doesn't know what "green, fat, red and thin" means, and denies the confrontation on the grounds that the artistic conception does not match. But when others explain that "green fat and red thin" comes from Li Qingzhao's dream, it will make jokes when it is difficult, but it will be ugly. In order to avoid making a fool of yourself, it is suggested that the confrontation should meet the requirements of the confrontation, but it is qualified, but they just don't understand each other.

(3) Some people don't understand a couple without feelings, or think that sentences must be artistic.

Out of the sentence: the lonely moon fishing boat is accompanied by the night river

Dialogue: Lianyungang, Yuxi, Shanghai

People who don't know how to be rude will definitely say that the antithesis has no artistic conception at all or that a person without couplet skills opposes it. But as far as couplet art is concerned, there are even antitheses and three place names. If the last sentence is a sentence, the last sentence may not be right, so when doing a ruthless confrontation, you should not be discouraged when you encounter these situations.

This course is dedicated to lovers of couplets.