In the traditional African black society, most of them only have oral language and no written language; Only a few tribes have created their own characters under the influence of foreign cultures. The traditional culture of African black people is basically oral culture and unwritten culture. According to the analysis of kinship, the languages of African black ethnic groups can be roughly divided into mixed language areas and common language areas, which account for half of the vast areas of sub-Saharan Africa.

The language barrier zone starts from the coast of Senegal in the west and extends eastward to the western border of Ethiopia and the East African Plateau, with a length of about 5,600 kilometers and a width of 1 100 kilometers. There are about 1300 African languages in this area; It accounts for about 67% of the total number of African languages. Hausa, Angas, Mandala, Massa and Muslim are the most important languages for blacks in this region. Historically, the communication between tribes in West Africa has always used Hausa. There are as many as 50 million people using Hausa now.

Areas with similar African languages refer to the distribution areas of Bantu languages. This area starts from the coast of Rio Delli estuary, the border river between Nigeria and Cameroon in the west, meanders to the southeast corner of Cameroon in the east, then passes through Congo and Zaire in the east, then turns to the southeast, passes through Mount Elgon, along the east of Lake Victoria, reaches the inland of Mombasa, and finally reaches the Juba estuary in Mali along the coast. There are about 360 languages here, all of which belong to Bantu.