Mingde is the supreme and unpolluted nature that everyone is endowed by heaven, and it can communicate with heaven and earth. "Clearly showing virtue" means affirming that both people and life have spiritual virtue, which should be clear and conscious.

Being close to the people is to help others get rid of things that pollute their hearts after knowing the goodness of their own nature, so that they can reach the same pure state of mind as themselves. After recognizing the natural ability of "Ming Ming De", we should "be close to the people".

Supreme goodness refers to the maximum freedom of the mind and the unity of the development of nature and things. All directions of "Ming Ming De" and "being close to the people" are "stop at the best". Taking "stop at the best" as the direction or goal is an endless expectation. ?

Eight entries

Wu Ge, is to ask people to experience their own things, personally handle their own things, that is, to materialism, to increase knowledge. Read for knowledge, practice for knowledge, then distinguish things clearly and do your best.

To know is to seek true knowledge. Find out your inner knowledge from the theory of deducing things. Just like a mirror, everything was originally bright, only covered by things, dim, and gradually wiped away the dust, making it restore light and have true knowledge. The so-called knowledge refers to moral consciousness. When you know it, you can distinguish right from wrong, good from evil, and you can see it in your heart. When you are satisfied, you will know what you are.

Sincerity means honesty in the mind. If you know enough, you can get real meaning, which comes from your inner nature. You can naturally not deceive others or yourself. You should work hard on "being cautious and independent", be strict with yourself, cultivate self-cultivation, and integrate knowledge with practice.

Righteousness is to get rid of all kinds of uneasy emotions, not to be shrouded in material desires, and to maintain peace of mind. If you don't deceive yourself, then the noumenon of the heart, things can't be moved, and everything is right. If you get the right result, you will be fair, honest and clear, without any emotion or prejudice. Deliberately sincere and then righteous words.

Self-cultivation means constantly improving one's moral cultivation. Only when one's moral character is correct, impartial and free from evil thoughts can one win the support of the people. Self-cultivation is not only the foothold of respecting things, knowing and doing, sincerity and integrity, but also the starting point of housekeeping, governing the country and leveling the world. The mind is right and then the body is repaired, and the body is repaired and then the family is neat.

Taking care of your family is to tidy up your family. Only by educating your family well can you educate the people well.

Governing the country means governing the country by virtue, governing the country by virtue and governing the country by benevolence. You mainly protect the people like a newborn child, educate the people with the best virtues, and make them go to the old and welcome the new. Rulers should let the wind of benevolence, respect, filial piety, kindness and faith flood the whole country, so that the country will be governed and the world will be peaceful.

To level the world is to spread benevolent policies to the world and make it peaceful. A peaceful world, the most important thing is to ask the monarch to have a "clean way", that is, to measure the noble and lofty qualities of the people with self-care and set an example for the people. Because there are many ways to level the world, this requires the monarch to respect the elderly, respect Changxing, care for the lonely and love the people, and conduct benevolent policies.

Extended data:

The "three cardinal guides" and "eight items" put forward in "University" have a strong ethical and humanistic color, pay attention to the improvement of personal morality and social morality, and reflect the outstanding characteristics of Confucian traditional culture; There are eight other three schemes, which are systematic, logical and feasible. They had a far-reaching influence on official and private schools since the Han Dynasty, and became the guide for China ancient higher education to set educational goals, guide students to cultivate themselves and study.

In his book Zhong Fang, three points are called "the program of university" and eight points are called "the items of university", such as discipline, knowledge, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world.

Later, people referred to it as "three cardinal guides and eight disciplines" or "three cardinal guides and eight orders". These three programs and eight items became the important contents of feudal political ethics philosophy in later generations. The University itself does not explain "the style of things" and "knowledge". Zhu thought it was a defect of the original text, so he added it to the first chapter, briefly expressing his own objective idealist epistemology and adding philosophical content to the university.

Baidu Encyclopedia-three programs and eight entries