In The Great Theory of Teaching, Comenius mentioned many "principles", including 37 teaching principles. These "principles" are not completely teaching principles, but include what can be called principles and other specific rules. The former is like the principle of natural adaptation. Starting from the meaning of the so-called teaching principle in the present sense, we can draw the conclusion that Comenius' teaching principle has the following points, and all of them have their corresponding teaching methods.

inspiration

Teachers are required to mobilize children's learning awareness and enthusiasm to promote children's development from the inside out. Therefore, we should use intuitive teaching AIDS on the basis of following nature and make full use of various ways such as praise and reward.

(2) Intuition

Comenius believes that knowledge comes from the senses, and only through the sensory organs can real, reliable and unforgettable knowledge be obtained. For some things that cannot be directly perceived and observed, we should also adopt alternative methods.

(3) Do what you can.

Comenius requires that teaching should be suitable for children's age and physical and mental characteristics, emphasizes that the selection of learning materials should be appropriate, and requires students to master only the most important content while studying, and only need to understand others.

(D) Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude

Comenius not only emphasizes human's natural equality and educationality, but also attaches importance to individual differences. It is advocated that educators must study children, understand children, master the characteristics of different children, and adopt different educational methods and measures to carry out targeted education according to the different characteristics of children.

(5) Step by step.

Comenius advocates that learning should be carried out in stages, from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, so that the previous learning can lay a good foundation for the later learning and clear the way. Comenius advocates that teaching and learning should implement the principle of thoroughness, that is, the knowledge learned should be preserved for a long time. To this end, he advocated teaching students useful knowledge, stimulating students' thirst for knowledge, intuitive teaching, systematically arranging courses, training and cultivating memory, and emphasizing the role of repetition and practice.

education in ethics

Moral education theory is in a secondary position in Comenius' educational thought system, which has a strong religious color.

In Mother-Child School, Comenius elaborated the moral education of preschool children in detail, emphasizing the elementary knowledge education of virtue for children, especially the cultivation of good qualities such as thrift and diligence. In On Great Teaching, he advocated that schools should cultivate children's moral qualities of "prudence, self-restraint, perseverance and integrity", that is, guiding actions with reason, self-restraint in daily life and game work, and honest service to others and society.

In the method of moral education, Comenius emphasized prevention, example, practice, combination of kindness and prestige, lessons and rules, discipline and punishment. And advocate that extreme practices should be cautious when using discipline and punishment and cannot be abused.

Comenius