Narrator: The teacher tells and describes things and phenomena to the students.
Interpretation: Teachers explain, explain and demonstrate concepts, principles and formulas to students.
Speaking and reading: Teachers use textbooks to read and speak.
There is no strict boundary between the above three methods, and they are often used in combination in teaching activities.
The advantage of this teaching method is that it enables students to acquire a large amount of systematic knowledge in a short time, which is conducive to giving play to the leading role of teachers and helping teaching activities to be carried out purposefully and planned. The disadvantage of teaching method is that it is easy to bind students, which is not conducive to students' active and conscious learning, and relies heavily on teachers' personal language literacy.
Teachers should pay attention to the following points when using this teaching method.
1. Ensure the scientific and ideological content of the lecture. The concepts, principles, facts and viewpoints taught by teachers must be correct, which requires teachers to prepare lessons and teach with heart.
2. Teaching should be clear and focused. Only with clear logic can students understand clearly.
3. Pay attention to language art .. Teachers' language level directly determines the effect of teaching methods, and they must constantly pay attention to and improve their language literacy. First of all, the language should be clear, accurate and concise, both logical and clear; Secondly, we should strive to be vivid and infectious, which is especially important for primary school students; Thirdly, pay attention to the level of pronunciation, the speed of speech, and the cadence.
4. Pay attention to cooperate with other teaching methods. The attention time of primary school students is limited, so it is difficult to achieve good results by using this teaching method completely in the whole classroom. Teachers should be good at using this teaching method alternately with other teaching methods and means to avoid students' fatigue and inattention caused by listening for a long time.
(2) Talking methods
Conversation is a teaching method that teachers guide students to acquire knowledge through comparison, analysis, judgment and other thinking activities in the form of oral questions and answers according to students' existing knowledge and experience. The basic form of conversational approach is that students learn through independent thinking under the guidance of teachers.
The advantage of heart-to-heart talk method is that it can fully stimulate students' active thinking, promote students' independent thinking, play a positive role in the development of students' intelligence, and also help students to exercise and improve their language expression ability. The disadvantage of talking method is that it takes more time to complete the same teaching task than teaching method. In addition, when the number of students is large, it is difficult to take care of every student. Therefore, the conversation method is often combined with other methods such as teaching method.
Teachers should pay attention to the following points when using the conversation method.
1. Be fully prepared. What do you talk about? What questions were asked? Which students to ask? And what kind of answers students might give? How to guide students to ask further questions? Wait, teachers should think carefully and arrange in advance.
2. Talk to all the students. Although dialogue can only be conducted between teachers and individual students, teachers can still attract all students through their efforts. First of all, the content of the conversation should be a common and important problem that can attract the attention of all students in teaching. Secondly, teachers should make the interviewees as representative as possible, such as choosing students of different levels. Thirdly, give appropriate explanations and explanations as a supplement during the conversation.
3. Make a summary at the end of the dialogue. In conversation, students' understanding and mastery often cannot be expressed accurately and concisely. Therefore, in the last stage of the conversation, teachers should use standardized and scientific expressions to summarize the knowledge gained by students through the conversation, so as to strengthen their own gains.
(3) Discussion method
Under the guidance of teachers, discussion is a teaching method in which students express and exchange opinions around a certain problem and acquire knowledge through mutual inspiration, discussion and consultation. The basic form of discussion method is that students learn through independent thinking and communication under the guidance of teachers.
The advantage of discussion method is that students with similar age and development level discuss together, which is easy to stimulate interest and active thinking, help them listen, compare and think different opinions, and think independently on this basis, and promote the development of thinking ability. In addition, the discussion method can generally give every student the opportunity to express his views and opinions, arouse the enthusiasm of all students and effectively promote the development of students' oral ability. The disadvantage of discussion method is that it is limited by the development of students' knowledge, experience and ability, and discussion is easy to become a mere formality or deviate from the theme, especially for primary school students, which needs teachers' attention.
Teachers should pay attention to the following points when using discussion method.
1. Select the discussion content. First of all, choose the content that is worth discussing. Generally speaking, the content of discussion should be the more important facts, concepts and principles in the teaching content. Secondly, to choose the content with appropriate difficulty, generally speaking, the content that is too simple or too complicated is not suitable. The former is difficult to arouse students' enthusiasm for learning, while the latter is easy to dampen students' enthusiasm.
2. Affirm the value of students' opinions. For the unknown, any point of view is valuable. Students always understand and think from their own logic, so although different opinions may be far from the correct answer, they really reflect the students' ideas. Teachers should not "judge" and rush to point out whether various viewpoints are right or wrong, but let students speak freely and understand what is right and wrong and why through full discussion.
3. Be good at guiding. Teachers should make a comprehensive tour and pay attention to listening when students discuss, and be good at catching the problems reflected in the discussion. Teachers should give appropriate guidance when the discussion encounters obstacles, remind students when the discussion is off topic, help students sort out conclusions and answers at the end of the discussion, and so on. These are all necessary conditions for the application of discussion method.