1. Superstructure theory: This view holds that education is the superstructure of society and has nothing to do with productivity and economic base. It emphasizes the role of education in the ideological field and the close relationship between education and social system.
2. Productivity theory: This view regards education as a means to improve social productivity. It emphasizes the role of education in imparting knowledge and skills and the value of these knowledge and skills in the production process.
3. Social practice theory: This view holds that education is a kind of social practice, aiming at promoting people's all-round development and social progress. It emphasizes the connection between education and social reality and the role of education in cultivating people's sense of social responsibility.
Instrumentalism: This view holds that education is a tool to achieve a certain social or political goal. It emphasizes the role of education in transmitting the thoughts and values of the ruling class.
5. Multi-attribute theory: This view holds that the essence of education has multiple attributes, including superstructure, productivity, social practice and tools. It emphasizes the different functions and values of education in different aspects.
Measures to improve education:
1. Increase investment in education: The government should increase investment in education and increase the proportion of education funds in the national budget. At the same time, encourage social forces to participate in running schools and expand educational resources and scale.
2. Strengthen the construction of teachers: Improving teachers' professional quality and teaching level is the key to improve the quality of education. It is necessary to strengthen the training and assessment of teachers, establish a scientific teacher evaluation mechanism, and improve the treatment and status of teachers.
3. Promote curriculum reform: Curriculum reform is an important way to improve the quality of education. It is necessary to adjust the curriculum and teaching content according to the development of the times and the needs of students, and pay attention to cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability.
4. Strengthening education informatization: It has become a trend to improve the quality of education by using information technology. Strengthen the construction of educational informatization, popularize digital educational resources, and improve educational efficiency and effect.
5. Perfecting the education evaluation system: Establishing a scientific education evaluation system is the guarantee to improve the quality of education. It is necessary to establish a diversified evaluation system, pay attention to the evaluation of students' comprehensive quality and ability, and strengthen the evaluation feedback and improvement mechanism.