Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China. His "Ruling the Country with Rites" (I)

High-level language) and "Governing the Country by Virtue" (The Analects of Confucius, Governing the Country by Politics).

For many years, it has been praised by the world. And Confucius' achievements in education are more like one.

A bright pearl shines brilliantly in the history of education in China. The following author comes from

This paper discusses Confucius' contribution to education from two aspects: the establishment of private schools and teaching ideas. *

Initiate a private school to recruit disciples.

Confucius spent most of his life in educational activities. He is the first person in the history of our country.

An educator who has devoted his life to education. Confucius originally wanted to go into politics, but he

Very politically frustrated. He tried many times to be an official, but was rejected by powerful people.

So it was not reused in the end, and even had to go abroad. Although the ruler of Lu also

I tried to win him over, but he didn't think they would take the right path and cooperate, so he quit.

Teaching at home. He was the first person to open a private school and hold a private lecture. Confucius runs a school, the Lord

There must be three periods. The first period is about 30-35 years old, and the second period

Between the ages of 37 and 50, the third period is his old age, that is, 68 to 73 years old.

His private lecture was a great success. According to legend, Confucius had 3000 disciples and 72 saints.

Many of these disciples came from far away. Seventy-two sages, some learn.

Ask the name, and some became ministers of the vassal States at that time. This was very remarkable at that time.

Achievement. Because in the era of Confucius, the school was designed for the slave owners and nobles, the so-called

"Learning in the government" means that not only slaves and civilians have no opportunities for education, but also slave owners.

This class also receives little education. Confucius ran a private school, recruited apprentices, and put forward that "there is no class in education."

Class "(The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong), that is, a person has the right to accept regardless of his origin.

Education. Confucius accepted disciples, and the tuition fee was very low, as long as he cultivated himself (The Analects of Confucius).

And "), accept as a disciple. "Shu Xiu" is ten pieces of dried meat. Relatively poor civilians, only

If you can afford more than ten pieces of dried meat as a teacher's gift, you can get an education. Ten strips of dried meat,

The average family can still afford it. This has broken through the restriction of "learning in the official".

Created a precedent for universal education. Because Confucius set up a private school to teach at different levels,

So that many ordinary people from humble origins can acquire the ability to participate in political activities through education,

In this way, you have a chance to become a saint. Because Confucius took the lead in running a private school, it was later private.

The atmosphere of people giving lectures is prevalent. "Chu Shi Debate" and "A Hundred Schools of Thought Contend" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

The emergence of the situation can be said to have a lot to do with Confucius' creation of private schools. Confucius started a private school,

"Education without class" is Confucius' outstanding contribution to education.

Second, the teaching concept is praised.

Teaching includes teaching and learning. In his life's teaching experience, Confucius always

I have gained a lot of meaningful experience, whether it is about "teaching" or "learning"

Yes, a set of self-contained teaching ideas has been formed. Although there are many teaching ideas,

After more than 2000 years, there are still lessons to be learned.

In terms of learning methods, Confucius advocated erudition, more practice and diligent review. The Analects of Confucius

The first sentence at the beginning is "keep pace with the times, don't you?" (Learning from the Analects of Confucius) Yes.

It is said that we should learn more knowledge and review more training, otherwise the knowledge we have learned will not be consolidated.

It is often said, "Reading a book a hundred times reveals its meaning". In fact, this also includes reviewing Gong.

The meaning of solid. Review what you have learned often, and then you can accumulate more old knowledge.

Produce new insights. Therefore, Confucius said, "review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher." ("open!

For a long time, people have used these words to encourage students to study hard.

Consolidate knowledge.

Confucius also believed that we should not only have knowledge and practice, but also keep thinking.

Combination of examination, study and thinking. He said: "It is useless to learn without thinking, and it is dangerous to think without learning."

Leisure "("The Analects of Confucius for politics "). On the one hand, he emphasized the importance of learning and once said, "I have tasted it. "

It's no use thinking all day. You might as well study. "(The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong) The hole is here.

Zi explained with his own personal experience that it is not good to dream for a long time, so it is better to study.

Some knowledge, and then think. On the other hand, Confucius also stressed the need to be diligent in thinking, and he was right.

Students who don't think seriously say there is no way. He said, "If you don't say so, you just do it."

I didn't do what I did. "("The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong ") That is to say, learn to use.

Think about it and often ask "why". So, learn without thinking.

Well, you can't just want to learn. Only by combining learning with thinking,

You will learn something. Confucius' learning method of combining learning with thinking is still

It has a good guiding significance.

In terms of learning attitude, Confucius advocated that one should be honest and modest in dealing with learning.

Vain and studious. He said: "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing." (The Analects of Confucius is

Politics) is learning knowledge. If you understand it, you will understand. If you don't understand, you don't understand.

Never pretend to understand. In learning, we should be "sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions" (on)

Language, Gong Yechang "). Because "three people, there must be my teacher" ("The Analects of Confucius"

And "), several people walk together, and one of them must be my teacher, for sure.

Ask for advice modestly. The most important thing is "not ashamed to ask questions" and "brave"

If you can ask, you can't ask. If you ask more, you can ask less. "(The Analects of Confucius Taber) Students don't know each other.

Some students can ask each other, and teachers can ask students, scholars and college students if they don't understand.

Experts can also ask ordinary people if they don't understand. Confucius himself is a model of modesty and eagerness to learn. Although he is knowledgeable, he also humbly asks questions he doesn't understand.

Ask for advice. "The Analects of Confucius" records, "When a son enters a big temple, he asks everything." ("The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu")

He once said, "am I wise?" Ignorance is also. I was asked by a husband and it was empty. " exist

Language Zi Han, a great educator like Confucius, still calls himself "ignorant".

"Empty", its modesty is self-evident. As we all know, Confucius is eager to learn. he

He once said: "I was not born to know it, so I am ancient and eager to ask for it." (The Analects of Confucius)

Here, Confucius explained that he was not born with knowledge, but learned it.

Yes "In a city of ten rooms, there must be people who are faithful as hills, and they are not as eager to learn as hills." (The Analects of Confucius)

This is Confucius' confession of his studious spirit. Confucius' words are true and modest.

The spirit of being open-minded and eager to learn is undoubtedly of positive significance to everyone.

In terms of teaching methods, Confucius advocated inspiring teaching and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Confucius inspired teaching

Learning can be said to be just right. His student Yan Yuan once said, "The master is obedient and charming.

Blog me with words and ask me with gifts. I can't stop. "The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han and Confucius inspired teaching.

The extent to which students can't stop learning shows how inspiring his teaching is.

It worked. Confucius thinks that teachers can't always instill it in students at once. The point is.

Inspire students to think and think. This enlightening teaching idea is still accepted by the society.

Advocate. Confucius said: "If you are not angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry.

Fuya. "("The Analects of Confucius ")" Anger "refers to the fact that students can't get what they want, resulting in a desire.

Knowledge and desire; "Angry" means that students are in a paradox, although they know it but can't express it.

Generally speaking, it seems difficult to understand, and the state of being eager to understand. When students input "anger" and "frustration"

This situation is a good opportunity for teachers to inspire, induce and implement education. In teaching

In middle school, we should pay attention to arouse students' positive thinking and let them enter "anger" and "sadness"

Situation to inspire students. Through inspiration, cultivate students to "draw inferences from others"

Three "abilities". When you can't draw inferences, don't tell him the answer directly, but ask him.

He thinks independently and solves problems. Confucius often used "knock" in enlightenment teaching.

Two-headed "method. He once said, "A man asked me, but there was no one. I knocked at both ends. "

Exhausted. "The Analects of Confucius Zi Han" Confucius did not understand this problem, but through "knocking"

Both ends ",that is, ask questions from both sides, and finally talk about the problem thoroughly." Confucius

The teaching method of "knocking at both ends" is often used to help students acquire knowledge. Confucius realized that teaching

The significance of learning lies not in how much ready-made knowledge is instilled in students, but in teaching them.

Methods of acquiring knowledge. This heuristic teaching method is still widely used.

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is another basic teaching method of Confucius. Confucius believed that students' personality

There are differences, and the learning level is high or low. Therefore, he advocated that under the unified training goal,

Pay attention to teaching students according to their aptitude. According to the difference of students' learning level, he said, "Higher than the average person,

You can be verbal, below average, but not verbal. "("The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye ") is

Because of the students' personality differences, Confucius educated the students with the right medicine. Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude.

There are countless examples of teaching. The most typical example is Confucius' "literary thinking" towards You Ran and Luz.

"The answer. According to the Analects of Confucius, and asked the same question: listen to the Tao.

Will it be implemented after management? Confucius replied to Luz, "If you have a father and a brother, why don't you do it?"

What? "Mean, there are father and brother alive, how can you get started? And answer

You Ran said, "smell it and do it", which means to do it when you hear it. Gong Xihua doesn't understand why,

Ask Confucius why this is. Confucius told him: "retreat after planning, so advance;" : You are human,

So I retired. "("The Analects of Confucius Advanced ") In this way, Confucius used

Different ways of education. Lutz can be said to be a typical example of Confucius teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. When Lutz did not enter the cave, his personality was extreme and reckless. Under the influence of Confucius education, it gradually became

As a "gentleman and Confucian". When fighting with people in civil strife, his hat tassel was broken and he was still studying.

I can't forget that "a gentleman never dies." Now it seems that Lutz's move seems a bit "pedantic".

But on the other hand, it also reflects the success of Confucius in teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. In order to teach students in accordance with their aptitude,

Confucius also practiced teaching different subjects. This is also the first precedent in the history of education. Confucius branch

Teaching has trained many top talents. The Analects of Confucius records "Virtue: Yan Yuan but Min Zi"

Money, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong; Word: slay me, Zigong; Politics: You Ran, Luz; writing

Research object: Freedom in Xia Zi. "(Advanced Analects of Confucius) Because Confucius insisted on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, because

The students trained by Confucius have their own characteristics and strengths.

In terms of teacher norms, Confucius believes that teaching by example is more important than teaching by words. Therefore, teachers should take the lead.

Set an example for students. He thinks, "You can't be right, like a right person?" ("open!

If you misbehave, how can you correct the behavior of others? as long as

If you behave correctly, you are not afraid that others will not obey you. As the saying goes, "an upright man walks without orders;"

His body is not straight, although he disobeys. "(The Analects of Confucius Lutz) Therefore, teachers must do this.

People who can't control themselves are not fit to control others. The most important thing for teachers is to spare no effort to teach students.

In order to teach students well, teachers must constantly learn and enrich themselves. Confucius

I'm also practicing, "I forget to eat when I'm angry, and forget my worries when I'm happy" (The Analects of Confucius), really.

It is the "teaching by memorization, tireless and tireless" (The Analects of Confucius).

Confucius was like this, influencing students with his words and deeds, thus winning their respect.

Respect is also respected by future generations.

Confucius' teaching ideas are worth learning, and others, such as music, dedication and self-cultivation.

Self-respect, teaching and learning, etc. , are worthy of absorption and utilization. Confucius' teaching

During his career, he summed up so many effective teaching experiences, which he did for the Institute of Education.

Made an indelible contribution.

In a word, Confucius was an outstanding educator in ancient China, and later generations respected him.

The son is a "most holy teacher" and an "eternal teacher". He is not only an aristocrat in the educational history of China.

Status, he also has a certain position in the history of world education. Celebrities published in the United States

The yearbook handbook lists Confucius as one of the top ten thinkers in the world. Studying Confucius today

Educational achievements still have important practical significance.

If you are not satisfied with the above, what time is it =v=

Confucius' contribution in the history of education in China

A: Confucius' contribution to moral ethics is that he put forward and carefully demonstrated a new concept-"benevolence", and based on this, he established an educational view that has long influenced China's history and culture. To put it simply, a gentleman should strive for others and realize lofty ideals. In Confucius' view, "benevolence" is the integration of many moral norms such as respect, tolerance, sensitivity and benefit. Confucius' answer to this is "love". Love and respect for people are two sides of the same thing. So Confucius said, "Don't do to others what you don't want", that is, don't impose what you don't want on others. He also said, "If you want to stand up, you must let others stand up and do things by themselves, and at the same time let others do things." This kind of love is not about loving your loved ones, but about loving the masses. How can "love and care for the masses" be regarded as loving the masses? Confucius said, "Old people are safe, friends believe, and few people are pregnant.". That is, caring for and respecting the elderly, being loyal to friends and attaching importance to the education of teenagers are the standards of loving the masses. Respect for the elderly and honesty are mediators of interpersonal relationships and the main content of a harmonious society. Confucius pioneered. A large number of disciples have been trained, of which more than 70 are outstanding. These people comprehensively expounded Confucianism along the ideological direction established by Confucius. During the Warring States period, Mencius and Xunzi were the most important representatives of Confucianism. They enriched Confucius' ideological system from different angles, thus laying the basic characteristics of Confucianism. Benevolence is the core of Confucianism. For example, Confucius once analyzed all kinds of qualities of people, and Mencius summed them up as benevolence.

Confucius thought is a product of history and an important part of China's history and culture. Because of its brilliant thinking, it has long been recognized by people. This is of historical significance and modern value for us to build a harmonious society, adjust the relationship between people, abide by public morality and realize the harmonious development between man and nature. As for Confucius' political, legal and philosophical thoughts, they are recognized by people all over the world. The Confucian moral spirit and ethics advocated by Confucius have gradually become the moral and cultural concepts guiding people's moral life. In particular, the idea of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" has a harmonious guiding significance in the relations between countries in today's world.

Confucius' educational thought and its practical significance

1, the object of education is "teaching without discrimination". In addition to breaking the situation of "learning in the official" at that time, the culture moved down and promoted the rise of the scholar class. Today's compulsory education is also related to it.

2. Education acts on society and cultivates people. Today, there are still deviations here. How clever saints are!

3. The purpose of education is to cultivate "scholars". Dialectically speaking, "being an official is the best way to learn, and learning is the best way to be an official" has both great significance and side effects that cause misunderstanding.

4. The content of education is "writing, action, loyalty and faith".

"Disciples are filial, and younger brothers are filial. I sincerely believe that I love people and love them. I have spare capacity to study literature. " (Xue Ji) attaches importance to moral education rather than intellectual education. The six classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Yi, Li, Yue and Chunqiu have been processed and revised, and the teaching is closely related to "writing, action, loyalty and faith". Its far-reaching influence on the state of etiquette is universally recognized. As educators today, we must seriously understand.

Dialectically, there are contradictions in Confucius' educational thought, such as ignoring practical knowledge such as productive labor, being limited by the lack of natural science knowledge at that time, ignoring the cultivation of speculative knowledge and ability, and lacking sufficient philosophical speculative atmosphere. This can also be said to have a certain relationship with rigid dogmatic teaching.

5, the four principles of moral education:

(1) Contemporary education that is determined and persistent should seriously reflect and implement "frustration education". The contest between Chinese and Japanese summer camps is thought-provoking. It is worrying to be pampered, to love leisure and hate work, to play with things and to be discouraged, and to be "ungrateful".

(2) Self-denial and introspection in contemporary education, including teachers, lack this spirit and are indifferent to being a teacher; Students are self-centered, blindly conceited, see their own strengths shorter than others, and cover up their own mistakes with others' mistakes. Of course, on the other hand, we should also pay attention to the negative effects brought by Confucius' thought; It is necessary to cultivate students to be bold and cautious, develop their personality, have their own opinions and understand others.

(3) Better late than never, we should dare to admit our mistakes, correct them and avoid whitewashing them. The best way to treat teachers' own shortcomings is to face up to them, study hard and dare to blame themselves.

(4) It is particularly important for educators to practice what they say and do what they say. What the teacher said is not true, and students can't understand it, which has a strong negative effect.

6. Teaching and learning advocate eight principles:

(1) Being diligent in learning and knowledgeable in contemporary education means not only teaching students, but also asking teachers themselves, that is, the "group view". It is of great benefit to straighten out the position of individuals in the teacher group and learn from each other's strengths.

(2) always learn, always learn. Teachers and students should always study and cultivate knowledge, and use the new terms of educational reform to call "rumination" and "migration". It is necessary to prevent rote memorization and armchair strategist, and pay attention to cultivating a firm grasp of knowledge, which can be integrated and extrapolated.

(3) Pay equal attention to learning and thinking, focusing on learning. "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous."

(4) apply what you have learned and match words with deeds. At present, there is also the problem of separation of learning and application in education. For example, the Chinese teacher can't write well and speak well (stuttering, stuttering, nonstandard, mantra). Students' reading and writing ability is low, and they can recite articles but can't use them.

(5) Learn with an open mind and work hard. "What you know is what you know, and what you don't know is what you know." When a teacher is a teacher, he often lacks the spirit of studying hard, pretends to be mysterious, pretends to be mysterious, and actually does not make progress, muddling along, making himself gradually aging, rigid and degenerate.

(6) Inspire thinking and draw inferences. The current educational reform emphasizes inspiring students to think and cultivating students' autonomous learning; Chinese unit teaching focuses on drawing inferences from others and realizing vertical and horizontal migration.

(7) Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, preparing lessons from reality, preparing schools, teachers, students and teaching materials. According to the book, cramming is actually a sign of inertia. The student's view is "gifted".

(8) Set an example by carefully understanding that "a person's body is upright, but he does not do things without orders; If you are not upright, you will not obey orders "and" If you are not upright, you will be like a human being ". To be a teacher, you must have a strong sense of role. Of course, on the other hand, we should also cultivate students' independent personality consciousness of "I love my teacher, and I especially love the truth".