The first paper on infant health education: on infant health education.
Infant health education is an important part of health education. In a narrow sense, preschool health education refers to a series of educational activities set up by kindergartens to help children improve their health knowledge, raise their health awareness, correct their health attitudes and cultivate their health behaviors, so as to better achieve the purpose of maintaining and promoting their health. Broadly speaking, children's health education and family health education are closely related. Specifically, children's health education mainly includes the following three aspects: first, children's normal physical development, physical standards and good behavior habits; Second, children's mental health, with positive, optimistic and cheerful psychological quality; Third, in addition to basic health knowledge, children also have certain social adaptability.
Infant health education is a systematic project, which needs to be completed by many parties. Strengthening infant health education requires the joint efforts of all parties and overall coordination.
(A) home cooperation, unified understanding
1. Create a suitable family environment
Environment is a valuable resource for kindergarten health education. When children step into the kindergarten gate, the first thing they see is the creation of the kindergarten environment. The layout of kindergarten environment should conform to the appreciation level of children and have a theme. In addition to the kindergarten environment, there is also a family environment. Family environment is also very important for the formation of children's health. Of course, in addition to creating a healthy and good kindergarten environment and family environment, it is also necessary to establish a healthy and harmonious children's healthy society.
2. Change parents' ideas and promote family cooperation.
First, kindergartens organize special lectures to enrich parents' knowledge of health education; Secondly, kindergartens carry out parent-child activities to create close contact opportunities for parents and children, so that parents can understand their children and understand the methods and means of early childhood health education; Finally, kindergartens should hold regular parent-teacher meetings and try their best to create all conditions to communicate with parents.
3. Establish a family contact column to promote family cooperation.
As long as the family contact column is set up in the publicity column of the kindergarten, it is generally located at the entrance of the kindergarten and the back wall of the classroom, and parents can see it as soon as they enter the kindergarten or enter the class. In this way, parents will actively cooperate with the work of kindergartens while understanding the work of kindergartens to ensure the smooth progress of children's health education.
4. Establish parents' schools and family blogs to facilitate family cooperation.
There are many ways of home cooperation, but the most important thing is to establish parent schools and home blogs. By establishing parent schools, kindergartens can increase parents' awareness of the importance of health education and their mastery of health knowledge. Kindergartens hold health education lectures regularly every month, organize parents to learn health theory knowledge, and convey ways and means of health education. Let parents lay a solid foundation for their children's better education while improving their own quality. The joint efforts of the family are conducive to the formation of a healthy growth environment for children, and the real cooperation of the family can be achieved? Prevention first, combining prevention with treatment? In order to make children grow up healthily and happily.
(B) Optimizing kindergarten curriculum and teaching reform
1. Adapt to the actual needs and enrich the contents of health education courses.
The current Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) points out that the contents of kindergarten health education include six aspects: daily health behavior education, diet and nutrition education to promote physical growth and development, mental health education, safe life education and physical exercise. In the actual operation of teachers, they often ignore such and such problems. Therefore, referring to the basic contents stipulated in the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) and combining with the actual needs, the health education for young children implemented in reality is enriched.
2. Carry out health education activities with lively forms and diverse ways.
Children's health education activities can be varied, and teachers can carry out a series of thematic activities according to children's age characteristics and psychological acceptance. ? Playing is a child's nature? Kindergartens and teachers should grasp children's naturalness and set up more games in teaching activities. Of course, the establishment of games should also be based on children's age characteristics and actual needs. For example, the arrangement of games in kindergarten sports activities: small class boys should strengthen the practice of running and jumping balance.
3. Establish an effective health education evaluation mechanism.
Evaluation can be simply defined as determining the value of something. The evaluation of infant health education refers to the comprehensive evaluation of the implementation process and results of infant health education, from which problems can be found, analyzed and solved. The evaluation of children's health education can be carried out from the following two aspects: first, objective evaluation, that is, whether children have mastered health common sense; Secondly, the process evaluation, that is, the evaluation of the implementation of children's health education, mainly focuses on whether the determination of health education goals corresponds to children's characteristics, whether the content of health education meets the needs of reality, and whether the ways and methods of health education meet the needs of students. Of course, the evaluation of children's health education is difficult to quantify and grasp, so teachers should not redouble their efforts.
(C) to strengthen the management of infant health education
1. Strengthen the construction of infant health education laws and regulations.
There are few literatures and articles about health education in China, only the Regulations on School Health Work promulgated by the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Health in 1990 and the Basic Requirements for Health Education for Primary and Secondary School Students promulgated by the State Education Commission in 1992- 1993 respectively. There are relatively few laws and regulations in the country. In addition to implementing the above two provisions, education administrative departments and school management departments should further strengthen management and urge relevant laws and regulations making departments to further improve the rules and regulations of health education.
2. Strengthen the humanized management of kindergarten health education.
Attaching importance to kindergarten management and formulating a reasonable kindergarten management system are conducive to the smooth progress of the work to a great extent. Therefore, when formulating kindergarten management measures, we should follow the principle of humanization, respect the rights and interests of teachers and children, and strengthen management. The specific methods mainly include the following three aspects: first, give teachers a certain choice of teaching materials; Second, give children some free time; Third, implement the accountability system, assign a special person to be responsible for all matters of children, and directly find the person in charge if there is any problem. It can be seen that the implementation of humanized management in kindergartens has greatly promoted the implementation of health education.
3. Establish a working platform for family, society and kindergarten cooperation.
Only with the close cooperation of family, society and kindergarten can children's health education play a role, but if we only rely on kindergarten health education, we will not get long-term results. We need to establish a collaborative and effective working platform between departments and personnel, which is an urgent problem to be solved now. For example, we can learn from the experience of institutions established in the United States to promote school health education and establishment? Health promotion school? It refers to a school that can promote and protect students' health by providing comprehensive and positive experience and organization through the joint efforts of the school and the members of the community where the school is located; This includes formal and informal health education courses, creating a safe and healthy school environment, providing appropriate health services, and promoting wider participation of families and communities to maximize the promotion and protection of the health of school community members. Of course, the establishment of such institutions can not only improve children's physical and mental health, but also stimulate the participation of parents and communities, promote their active cooperation, and better achieve the goal of children's health education.
References:
[1] Gu preschool children's health and health education. Jiangsu Education Press, 1997.
[2] Zhu Jiaxiong. Educational hygiene. People's Education Press, 1998.
[3] Department of Basic Education, Ministry of Education. Interpretation of the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial). Jiangsu Education Press, 2002.
[4] Gu. On health education of preschool children. Jiangsu Education Press, 2006.
[5] Zheng. Healthy life? Connotation of health teaching. Psychology press, 1997.
[6] Yan. Health education? Health teaching and research. (Taiwan Province) Psychology Press, 1994.
The Second Paper on Infant Health Education: Life-oriented Kindergarten Health Education
By Mr. Tao Xingzhi? Life is education? Inspired by this theory, teachers try to carry out health education for children in life by excavating the healthy content in children's lives, grasping the opportunity to guide healthy life, and using common educational materials in life to create a healthy living environment.
The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) clearly points out:? Kindergartens must give priority to protecting children's lives and promoting their health. ? Children's health education is the basic stage of lifelong health education, which is also closely related to children's quality education and has an extremely important impact on children's all-round development. Where is Mr. Tao Xingzhi? Life is education? The rich connotation of this theory has important implications for children's health education.
First of all, a healthy education is inseparable from a healthy life.
Tao Xingzhi believes that life determines education; At the same time, education can only play its role through life. Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: What kind of education is your life? , and mentioned? It is a healthy life and a healthy education; It is an unhealthy life and an unhealthy education. ? So, if you want? If children receive a healthy education, they should have a healthy life. The learning and development guide for children aged 3-6 points out: Arrange the life of the day reasonably, and support and meet the needs of children to gain experience through direct perception, practical operation and personal experience to the maximum extent. ? One-day life in kindergarten contains many valuable educational elements, and health education is especially inseparable from children's life. Gu believes that children's health education is life education: the starting point and destination of children's health education is to cultivate children's healthy behavior, that is, to develop a healthy lifestyle. The fundamental purpose of children's health education is to improve children's quality of life, and the content of children's health education involves all fields of children's life. ?
Life and education are inseparable. Regarding the relationship between life and education, Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: Life education is life-centered education. Life and education are one thing, not two things. They are two names of a phenomenon, just like a person's nickname and scientific name. Life is education; Life is education; Life is not education. ? From this, we must understand that if it is not necessary for children's life, if it is not learned by children through application in life, or if it cannot serve life and make life healthier, it is not real health education. Children's health education itself is closely related to life. Healthy life is the ultimate goal of health education, and health education is also carried out in healthy life. Therefore, health education needs to pay attention to life, and healthy life is healthy education.
Second, realize children's health education in life.
After realizing the necessity and importance of life education in the field of health, life is education? This theory enlightens us that to realize healthy life education, we must combine life with practice. According to the working practice, the author summarizes the ways to implement children's healthy life education, which can be summarized as follows:
1. Explore the healthy content of children's life
Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: The education here is life education, which meets the needs of life, not fake education. We teach what life needs. ? Therefore, it is necessary to teach children the healthy content they need in life. Children have great subjective initiative and can take the initiative to discover and explore. Teachers should attach importance to children's subjectivity and interaction with children. On the basis of observing children's health problems, teachers should discover children's real needs for health education, dig out children's common health problems, generate courses after professional treatment, and provide appropriate help for children. Curriculum comes from life and serves life.
For example, there was a time when many children often asked: Why didn't girls have penises? Why can boys pee standing up? Teachers realize that this is a general cognitive need of children, and they are full of curiosity and exploration of basic knowledge, and children also have some life experience. Sex education is an important part of health education, which is integrated into life. With the development of children's gender psychology, teachers dig up relevant health contents and generate key points. Know the physical differences between boys and girls and learn to protect your private parts? Group activities.
2. Seize the opportunity to guide a healthy life.
Although collective health teaching is an indispensable form of education, it is impossible to achieve the purpose of health education by this way alone, especially the habits of hygiene, work and rest, diet and so on are all developed in life, so children's daily life can not be ignored. ? Life is education? This theory inspires teachers to put children in life, and the friction with life produces educational effects. Teachers should pay attention to the details of children's lives, be good at finding health education problems and seize the opportunity to educate children. Group activities, group and individual conversations can be used alone or in combination. The outline points out: be good at discovering the educational value implied in children's interests and accidents, grasp the educational opportunity and give appropriate guidance. ?
For example, children have to go up and down stairs every day, and it is a very suitable educational opportunity for teachers to take their children up and down stairs every time. In addition to regular verbal reminders, sometimes we can take the opportunity to give a safety warning to the whole child by observing the random behavior of the child, or we can talk to individual children who have unsafe behaviors.
3. Use common educational materials in life
Common materials in life must have their unique existence value. If health education can skillfully use materials in life, it is not only economical and environmentally friendly, but also can arouse children's interest, arouse children's resonance and stimulate children's curiosity, and fully mobilize their subjective initiative. Moreover, this is a hint to young children-practicing this skill well can directly play a role in their own lives, and the materials come from life and are also used in life. For example, the most suitable materials for exercising children's small hand muscles are scissors and chopsticks commonly used in daily life. In sports games, children are familiar with all kinds of daily necessities-cartons, cans, waste newspapers, plastic bottles and other common materials, and make new combinations to produce various ways of playing. Combined with life situation, it can stimulate children's enthusiasm and initiative and achieve the sports goal of getting twice the result with half the effort. In addition, natural resources are also an important part of biological resources. Children get physical and mental exercise and liberation by playing with sand, water and mud.
What is the focus of this part? Climb over a certain height? In large class sports activities, teachers use children's commonly used materials-tables to simulate high mountains and high walls, which is simple, economical but very effective. In the activities, from attention (you see the table every day), to curiosity and surprise (familiar tables also have novel ways of playing), to interest (the combination of tables and cushions is very challenging), children always actively participate in sports activities, and the goal is successfully achieved.
4. Create a healthy living environment.
Environment includes education, and habit becomes nature. The outline points out that the environment is an important educational resource and should be created and utilized to effectively promote children's development. ? First of all, providing a safe and rich material environment plays an important role in children's development and health. For example, a well-lit space, a safe and healthy food mix, large-scale sports equipment that is regularly inspected, and venues for activities such as playing with sand and water. Secondly, creating a good psychological living environment is conducive to the healthy development of children's psychology. For example, teachers and children, children's peers, parents and children have a good interpersonal environment and a harmonious emotional atmosphere.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that teachers and parents are important roles in children's lives, and their words and deeds have formed a hidden environment that affects children's health. If parents don't go to bed early and get up early, don't be picky about food, and don't wash their hands before and after meals, it is difficult for children to develop good habits of work and rest, diet and hygiene, because children are more likely to be hinted at and imitate adult behavior. Hidden environment affects children's living habits, and healthy hidden environment helps children develop healthy living habits. With healthy living habits, children have taken a big step towards a healthy life.
Third, the conclusion
A healthy life is a healthy education, and efforts should be made to bring children's health education back to life. Help health education with healthy life and promote healthy life with health education. Promote quality development with health education and create a bright future for children with quality development.
On health education activities in kindergartens.
Kindergarten is a stage in which children gradually develop self-awareness. If the primary school students are the flowers of the motherland, then the kindergarten children are the budding buds. Kindergarten children are not yet able to live independently, and they need the help of teachers in their study and life. This paper will discuss how teachers carry out health education activities in kindergartens.
Keywords: kindergarten; Health education; Home-school alliance
Kindergarten is the stage when children come into contact with collective life. During this period, children need to learn to communicate with others slowly. Because children are still young, their thinking ability is relatively simple, and many abstract concepts are not well understood. At the same time, children's study and life need the guidance of teachers to proceed smoothly. Kindergarten children are innocent and lovely, they don't know how to distinguish between good and bad and don't know how to protect themselves. Faced with this situation, how to cultivate children's health awareness more effectively has become a very noteworthy issue. The author believes that kindergarten teachers should consider the health status of children and gradually cultivate their health awareness when carrying out health education activities. Therefore, in the specific teaching process, kindergarten teachers can carry out teaching activities from the following aspects.
First, use a variety of teaching methods.
Kindergarten health education is an important way to promote children's healthy development. The psychological development of kindergarten children is in the primary stage, and children in this period can't understand abstract knowledge. Therefore, kindergarten teachers need to carry out health education in a way suitable for children's understanding. According to the characteristics of children's psychological development and learning cognition, kindergarten teachers need to show more abstract knowledge to children in a concrete and intuitive way, which tests their teaching ability. In fact, in specific health education activities, kindergarten teachers can take various ways to teach, so that children can know some basic health knowledge in a pleasant, relaxed and harmonious atmosphere.
First, there are various ways to carry out health education activities, and kindergarten teachers can adopt game-centered teaching methods. Kindergarten children have just left their family life, and they often have some resistance when facing strange teachers and companions. If kindergarten teachers want to better implement health education activities, they can first appease children's nervousness, make use of children's lively and playful nature, and adopt game teaching to carry out health education activities. Game teaching is an effective teaching method. In this way, kindergarten teachers can adapt to children's psychological needs, let children participate in group activities more efficiently, and let children learn to protect their health in a very happy atmosphere.
For example, at ordinary times, many children love sweets such as candy. Eating this kind of food for a long time will cause wormholes in children's teeth. What is this called? Dental caries? . Kindergarten is an important period for children's physical growth, and chewing food with teeth is the most important way to eat. If children have teeth problems, there is no doubt that their nutritional intake will become unbalanced, which will greatly affect their healthy growth. Therefore, kindergarten teachers need to pay attention to this health problem and let children gradually learn to protect their teeth. Kindergarten teachers want to convey the idea that eating sweets is harmful to children. If you just preach, the effect will be very poor, because children at this stage have poor understanding ability. Explain the truth of dental health to children, which is actually difficult for children to understand.
Therefore, in this health education activity, kindergarten teachers need to adopt concrete and intuitive teaching methods to explain the harm of tooth wormholes to children, and game teaching is a good choice. Explain the causes of dental caries to children by means of game teaching, so that children can understand the importance of protecting teeth vividly and concretely, and children can quickly understand the importance of dental health. In specific health education activities, kindergarten teachers can prepare some egg shells, biscuits, vinegar and a mirror, and then let the children soak the egg shells in vinegar two days in advance. In class, kindergarten teachers can combine some pictures related to teeth to explain and guide children to understand the knowledge related to dental caries. In the dental health education class, the kindergarten teacher asked the children to knock on the eggshells separately, and then asked them how they felt. The children will answer that the eggshell is soft and the color is black. Then the kindergarten teacher can ask the children why the eggshells are soft. After getting all kinds of answers from children, kindergarten teachers can show some pictures of dental caries and tell children that after eating a lot of biscuits, there will be some food residues on their teeth. If they don't brush their teeth in time, these residues will produce acid, just like vinegar. Eggshells are like human teeth in this game. Acid will make teeth as black and soft as eggshells. Then the kindergarten teacher can let the children look at their teeth in the mirror to see if there are wormholes in them.
Through this game, children will understand why eating without brushing their teeth will lead to wormholes in their teeth, and then the teacher can tell the children that wormholes will make their teeth particularly painful and make them eat badly, even if they like eating very much. In this way, children will understand the importance of protecting dental health in an entertaining atmosphere.
Secondly, kindergarten teachers can use a variety of teaching methods to carry out situational teaching in health education activities. As the name implies, situational teaching is to create a favorable situation for children's learning and let children learn efficiently in such an environment. Health education is an important course in children's teaching activities, and kindergarten teachers need to adopt various ways to cultivate children's awareness of self-protection. Situational teaching is intuitive and simple, which can make children actively participate in health teaching activities, so kindergarten teachers can teach in this way. In the specific teaching process, kindergarten teachers can use music, stories, videos and other ways to strengthen children's health teaching, so that children can experience the fun of the classroom and actively participate in health education activities.
Second, pay attention to the integration of home and school.
Many students are at home because the children are young? Little princess? 、? Little emperor? The arrogance of parents can easily lead children to form many bad habits. If only kindergarten teachers make unilateral efforts, the effect of health teaching will be greatly reduced. Therefore, teachers need to involve parents in health teaching activities. Specifically, kindergarten teachers can compile? Parent-child day? Let parents coordinate their time to participate in their children's educational activities. Kindergarten children's bodies are in a period of rapid development, so it is very necessary to strengthen children's physical exercise, which can promote children's growth, make children's limbs develop harmoniously and develop their sports ability. Kindergarten teachers can let students and parents do it together? Three feet for two? Or let parents play with their children? Eagles catch chickens? Games help children get familiar with the kindergarten environment in a relaxed atmosphere, cultivate the parent-child relationship between children and parents, and also make children interested in sports. In parent-child activities, if children have bad hygiene habits such as picky eaters, then teachers can take some corresponding measures to make children understand that kindergartens and families are the same, and they can't be picky eaters anywhere, so as to cultivate children's health awareness efficiently.
In short, health education activities in kindergartens need teachers to adopt various ways to teach, and teachers also need to pay attention to the combination of home and school and strive to change children's bad hygiene habits.
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