(A) the law of bilateral activities of teaching and learning
The teaching process is a bilateral activity composed of teachers' teaching and students' learning. The process of teachers' teaching is also the process of students' learning. Teachers' teaching determines students' learning, and students' learning affects teachers' teaching. They are mutually conditional and dialectical unity. In the whole teaching process, teachers play a leading role in education. Only by organizing, adjusting or guiding activities by teachers can students quickly master knowledge and skills, develop moral character and promote individual physical and mental development. Students are the main body of learning. Only when students actively participate in teaching activities can teachers play their due role in guiding and regulating students.
(B) the law of combining indirect experience with direct experience
Judging from the nature of gaining experience, the important feature of the teaching process is learning indirect experience. The finiteness of personal energy and the infinity of the outside world make it impossible and unnecessary for people to gain direct experience. The written form of indirect experience is book knowledge, which is scientifically arranged and presented to students in the form of textbooks. Students acquire knowledge through books, and teaching becomes an efficient process for students to master a lot of basic knowledge of science and culture. But learning indirect experience is inseparable from direct experience, which should be the starting point for students to master indirect experience. Therefore, teaching activities should also organize students to participate in certain practices in order to gain direct experience. In view of this, teaching activities should focus on learning indirect experience and combining students' direct experience. The organic combination of the two is an important condition to improve teaching efficiency and quality.
(C) the law of the unity of knowledge teaching and ideological education
The law of the unity of knowledge teaching and ideological education reflects the dialectical relationship between science and thought in the teaching process. First of all, teaching is educational. The teaching process should not only impart scientific knowledge, but also form students' good moral quality. Therefore, knowledge teaching and ideological education permeate and promote each other in the process of unification. The educational nature of teaching is not only reflected in the teaching content, but also in all aspects of teaching work. The educational nature of teaching lies in the whole teaching process. Secondly, teachers' words and deeds in teaching are important educational factors that affect students.
(D) the law of the unity of mastering knowledge and developing intelligence
The teaching process should not only improve students' ideological and moral level and enrich their knowledge system, but also develop students' intelligence and increase their wisdom. Knowledge is the basis of developing intelligence, which will promote the mastery of knowledge. Developing students' intelligence in teaching can make students learn faster, understand deeper and master more firmly. The development of students' intelligence is conducive to mastering knowledge, and students' intelligence is developed in the process of learning knowledge. Therefore, mastering knowledge and developing intelligence are conditions for mutual development and dialectical unity.