First, the basic content of health education
1, life and health education.
The main purpose is to help children acquire necessary health knowledge in daily life, cultivate children's good living habits and gradually learn a healthy lifestyle.
2. Safety education.
Mainly to help children acquire and master the most basic safety knowledge and skills in daily life, so that children gradually know how to care for themselves and others, and constantly enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection.
3. Physical exercise.
Use sports equipment or natural objects for physical exercise to develop children's physical fitness in an all-round and coordinated way, enhance children's physical fitness and improve their ability to adapt to nature; Cultivate children's good psychological qualities such as being brave and not afraid of difficulties.
4. Mental health education.
Cultivate children's good psychological quality, enhance their own psychological strength and improve their adaptability to social life. Including: emotional education; Cultivation of good personality.
Second, choose the appropriate educational methods.
The "Outline" requires that "we should not only attach great importance to and meet children's needs for protection and care, but also respect and meet their growing independent needs, avoid excessive protection and arranged substitution, and encourage and guide children to take care of themselves and try independently."
1. Appropriate educational methods.
(1) Children's personal perception experience.
(2) Practice some life skills and healthy behaviors to form stable behavior habits.
2. Diversified forms of education.
(1) Organic infiltration in children's daily life. Children's health education is life education. It is necessary to infiltrate the concept of health education and implement health education strategies in all aspects of children's daily life, such as washing, eating, cleaning, sleeping and playing. For example, let children know the importance of hygiene when washing their hands; You should know how to protect yourself when you swing and slide in outdoor activities.
(2) Organic integration of all fields of education. For example, when painting, you should learn the correct sitting posture and pen posture, and paint in the right way; Cultivate children to express boldly in language activities and develop interpersonal skills.
2. What are the basic knowledge of children, including those?
In the development of preschool education, we should adhere to four "principles": 1 and "individuality".
2. The principles of "innovation" and "improvement". 3. The principle of "timeliness".
Pay attention to practical results. 4. The principle of "combining guided training with self-education".
Theoretical support of preschool teachers' professional development: teacher sociology theory, teacher psychology theory, teacher pedagogy theory, teacher evaluation theory, etc. Therefore, the most basic problems of preschool education are as follows: 1. Modern educational concept is the crystallization of people's understanding of educational activities, which not only reflects the changes of educational reality, but also profoundly affects the existence of educational reality.
Professor Lu Jie of Nanjing Normal University pointed out that the modernization of education should first focus on the modernization of ideas, that is, transforming traditional educational concepts into modern educational concepts. Only teachers with modern educational ideas can have modern education. The "software" construction of this kind of education should be the key to the modernization of early childhood education and the guarantee for cultivating cross-century talents.
What is the modern concept of early childhood education? The so-called modern concept of early childhood education is the fundamental view and attitude of modern people towards early childhood education. It involves the values, objectives, curriculum, teaching and evaluation of early childhood education.
Early childhood education is an integral part of socialist education and the foundation of basic education, which is educational and welfare. Early childhood education not only aims at promoting children's comprehensive and harmonious development in health, cognition, sociality, emotion and personality, but also highlights the characteristics of the times. 2 1 century preschool education should make children "learn to live", "learn to learn" and "learn to care".
In particular, we should help children care about the economic and ecological interests of society and the country, the global living conditions, others, families, friends and companions, other species (including animals and plants), truth, knowledge, learning and their own health. The future preschool education curriculum tends to be holistic and comprehensive, and will pay more attention to the interconnection of educational content, the comprehensive application of educational methods and means, and pursue the overall interests.
Modern education evaluation will be more comprehensive and systematic, and the focus of evaluation will be the development of young children. Preschool teachers can achieve the educational goal of 2 1 century only by guiding educational practice with modern educational concepts.
Second, the scientific concept of children, the modern concept of education is based on the modern concept of children. Therefore, kindergarten teachers in the 2 1 century must establish a scientific view of children.
How should I treat my children in the future? What kind of children should the future children be? In previous international seminars on future world education, representatives from all countries have put forward a consistent view that talents in the 2 1 century should have the qualities of adaptability, creativity, sociality, resilience and global concept. Based on these new requirements for children, a scientific view of children should mainly include the following aspects: (1) Children are people in a society, and they have all basic human rights.
The World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s and the Plan of Action for the Implementation of the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s (including the Convention on the Rights of the Child) submitted by the United Nations at the largest world summit for children held in September, 1990, clearly stated that all countries should fully guarantee children's right to survival. Teachers should safeguard their basic rights as human beings and create conditions for the best protection of children's rights.
(2) Children are developing people. Children have full development potential, and there are individual differences in development. Teachers should follow the law of students' physical and mental development, admit their individual differences and fully tap their potential.
(3) Children are independent people and should have the opportunity and right to take the initiative, freedom and full action. (4) Children are complete people, with a sound body and a rich spiritual world. We must attach great importance to their all-round development in physical, cognitive, moral, emotional and personality aspects.
Only when teachers know children scientifically can they treat them correctly and make them grow up healthily. Third, a developmental vision and a strong sense of the future. The object of preschool education is the master of the future world. Preschool teachers must cultivate talents with developmental vision. Cultivating today's children with the standards of the future society requires a strong sense of the future. Therefore, a forward-looking strategic vision is particularly important for preschool teachers in the 2 1 century.
Future consciousness mainly includes environmental consciousness, competitive consciousness, international consciousness and global consciousness. (1) Environmental awareness.
Environmental education has become the focus of global attention, and it will also be a new subject of education in China. 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development, 1994 Geneva International Education Conference and 1995 Copenhagen World Summit for Social Development fully affirmed the important role of environmental education in improving the quality of human life and the relationship between man and nature.
Preschool teachers should establish environmental awareness, fully understand the importance of environmental education, and put it into educational practice, so as to cultivate children with environmental awareness in the 2 1 century. (2) Competitive consciousness.
After the 1980s, the world political structure has undergone drastic changes, and all countries in the world have changed from arms competition during the Cold War to economic competition and comprehensive national strength competition. The so-called competition of comprehensive national strength is actually the competition of high technology and talents.
It is the requirement of modern society for education to let students learn to dare to compete and adapt to competition from an early age. 2 1 century preschool teachers must establish a sense of competition and cultivate children to learn fair competition in educational activities.
(3) International consciousness. China is going to the world, and the world is going to China, which is an irresistible trend.
While their economies are transforming into increasingly open and interdependent world economic integration, many countries put forward that education should be geared to the international needs, helping to cultivate "people who cross national boundaries", "people who face the world" and "international people who are good at cooperating and working with others". 2/kloc-education in the 20th century should help children to establish the concepts of "global village" and "I am a citizen of the world", so as to cultivate their ability to choose beyond national boundaries and cultures.
Therefore, the important task of education is to cultivate "world people". Therefore, the international awareness of preschool teachers is indispensable.
3. What are the common sense of early childhood education?
The common sense of early childhood education are:
1, let the children learn to walk alone in 1 6 months, and learn to go to the toilet alone in 1 8 months; Early childhood education can only be effective if it starts from real small things.
2, 2 years old learn to wear underwear, cultivate good habits (some people say that children are not sensible, and then slowly teach when they grow up. Don't underestimate children, they already know a lot. Teaching is more acceptable when children are young. If you miss early childhood education, it will be difficult to correct it later); 2 years old and 6 months old, can eat and dress by themselves.
3, 2~3 years old wear shoes with laces (parents should let go more, let the child get exercise, and can't let him rely on everything. ), train children's complex thinking ability; Eat at least three colors of vegetables every day to train children's overall planning ability.
4, 4 years old to educate children to learn self-esteem and self-love; The most important thing in early childhood is not to learn knowledge, but to cultivate the quality, attitude, emotion and ability of children who will benefit for life, which is very important.
5, 5 years old to cultivate children's sense of self-esteem; Early childhood education is to cultivate children's sound and beautiful hearts in a subtle way and let them grow up healthily and happily.
6, 6-year-old education children unity, competitiveness, strength contrast; The method of preaching is not suitable for cultivating children, and the method suitable for children's age characteristics is "game".
Early childhood education (refers to activities that affect young children)-Baidu Encyclopedia
4. What is the main education in kindergarten?
Early intellectual enlightenment development, the habit of doing things by yourself, the exercise of getting along well with peers, the cultivation of good living habits, and the understanding of the relationship between learning and teaching with teachers (aunts).
To give a few concrete examples, for example, in the early intellectual enlightenment development, right hemisphere learning was the main way to identify Chinese characters and numbers, and Chinese characters such as airplanes were identified by graphics or photos; Simple unit numbers are recognized by songs and dances. Hands-on, guide children to go to the toilet to untie pants, flush their hands, wipe their hands and other basic knowledge of life.
Cooperate with building blocks, build blocks well, and exercise language and physical communication with children. Drink a glass of water in the morning and afternoon and take a nap at noon.
Guide children to answer questions actively and strengthen interaction with teachers. Wait a minute.
5. What are the contents of general knowledge education for children?
The specific content of general education can be roughly divided into the following categories: knowing yourself and asking children to establish a self-concept of "I"; Understand the family and kindergarten; Know daily necessities and tools: know the main festivals in life; Know the name, main characteristics and order of spring, summer, autumn and winter; Observe the changes of natural phenomena in four seasons and understand the relationship between seasons and plant growth, maturity and harvest; Understand the relationship between seasons and animals' litter, growth, development and life; Know common plants (including rice, vegetables, fruits, trees, flowers, etc. ); Know several common plants, name them, identify their main characteristics, and classify them on the basis of accumulated knowledge and experience; Know that some common plants are the necessities of people's lives, such as food crops, oil crops, vegetables, fruits and so on. Let children know that trees and flowers can be appreciated, purify the air and beautify the environment; Discover the relationship between plants and water, soil and sunlight. Cultivate children's interest and feelings for plants, and let children know common animals (including poultry, livestock, birds, insects, wild animals, etc.). ); Educate children to love animals, and don't hurt or kill valuable animals at will; Let children observe various natural phenomena and their changes, such as lightning, thunder and rain. , and a preliminary understanding of their relationship with people and people's use of nature; Educate children to care about the natural phenomena around them and cultivate their interest in observing natural phenomena.