Confucianism is an academic school in the Spring and Autumn Period, which takes Confucius as the teacher, takes six arts as the law, advocates "rites and music" and "benevolence", advocates "loyalty and forgiveness" and impartial "golden mean", advocates "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government", and attaches importance to moral and ethical education and human cultivation.

Confucianism emphasizes the role of education, and thinks that attaching importance to education and neglecting punishment is the only way for the country to be stable and the people to be rich and happy. Advocate "education without class", both the ruler and the ruled should be educated, so that the whole country can become a virtuous person.

Politically, he also advocated ruling the country by courtesy and convincing people by virtue, and called for the restoration of the "Zhou Li", which he thought was the ideal way to realize ideal politics.

2. mohists

Mo Zhai, the founder of Mohism, was a Song poet in the early Warring States Period. His thoughts represent the interests of ordinary people, especially those of craftsmen. Mozi advocated "universal love" (loving all people, regardless of the class difference between "the monarch and the minister" and "all people") and "non-attack" (opposing war, mainly opposing the unjust war at that time, reflecting the desire of small producers for a stable life).

"Shang Xian" (advocating meritocracy and opposing cronyism of princes and nobles). Mozi established a strict organization, the leader of Mohist Group became a giant, and Mohist actions must obey the giant's command. Mohist thought once became a prominent school in the Warring States period, and his thought was widely absorbed and used for reference by other schools, and was gradually ignored in the late Warring States period.

3. Legalists

Han Fei was a thinker and legalist master at the end of the Warring States Period. Han Feizi believes that history is developing forward, and the present will inevitably surpass the ancient times. People should carry out political reform according to actual needs, and don't have to follow ancient traditions.

Put forward a systematic theory of rule of law, advocating "law-based" and "law is not expensive" (the object of rule of law is the vast number of subjects, except the monarch, regardless of rank, should be bound by France and Germany).

It is argued that the monarch mainly uses political skills to control ministers and shock his subjects with absolute authority (magic potential). Han Feizi advocated the establishment of a centralized feudal country with autocratic monarchy, and the state power was concentrated in the hands of the monarch, which catered to the historical development trend of establishing a unified autocratic country.

4. Military strategist

Sun Tzu's Art of War is a famous military work written by Sun Wu and the earliest military work in the world. Military famous sayings such as "Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle" come from this book. Today, this book enjoys a high reputation in the world, and many western military schools have listed it as a teaching material. During the Warring States Period, Sun Bin, the descendant of Sun Wu, inherited and carried forward his military thoughts.

He opposes empty talk about benevolence and righteousness, and puts forward that "victory is strong and the world is smooth." This is in line with the new situation. He advocated "prepare before you move" and wrote Sun Bin's The Art of War. They were called military strategists at that time.

5. Taoism

Taoism is one of the important schools in the Warring States period, also known as "Taoists". Based on Laozi's "Tao" theory at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, this school uses "Tao" to explain the essence, origin, composition and change of all things in the universe.

It is believed that heaven does nothing and everything is transformed naturally. It denies that gods and ghosts dominate everything, advocates that Taoism is natural, let nature take its course, and advocates that quietism and women should be soft. The political ideal is "governing by doing nothing". After Laozi, Taoism was divided into different factions. There are four famous schools: Zhuangzi School, Yang Zhu School, Song Yin School and Huang Lao School.

Baidu encyclopedia-a hundred schools of thought contend