2. Of course, different societies, different classes and backbones have different specific meanings. This must be made clear. But as far as the principle of unswervingly serving the cause of progress at that time is concerned, many touching stories of our ancestors with backbone and their positive educational significance are worth learning.
3. "Talk about backbone", and then directly put forward the central argument of this article: We China people have backbone. Quoting Mencius' words to explain what is "backbone" lays a solid theoretical foundation for the following narrative. These three sentences of Mencius run through the whole text.