Prevention of chickenpox

Chickenpox is very contagious, and it will be contagious as long as it comes into contact with a sick companion. Therefore, the following preventive measures should be taken:

1. Reduce contact and prevent infection: During the high incidence of chickenpox, parents should take their children to hospitals and other public places as little as possible to avoid contact with patients with chickenpox or herpes zoster and prevent their children from being infected with chickenpox. Schools and kindergartens with chickenpox should stop holding large-scale activities to reduce the chance of transmission. Children who have been exposed to patients should be observed for 2 1 ~ 28 days.

2, pay attention to personal hygiene, enhance physical fitness: pay attention to personal hygiene, often give children a bath, change clothes, keep skin clean, frequently cut nails, frequently wash hands, adhere to physical exercise, enhance disease resistance, pay attention to timely increase or decrease clothes before and after exercise to prevent colds.

3. Open windows frequently to keep the air fresh: classrooms, activity rooms and bedrooms should always open windows to keep the air circulating, and students on duty should sprinkle water before sweeping the floor. Students should go outdoors during recess. In the class with students suffering from chickenpox, you can use 84 disinfectant with water (the ratio is 1: 100) to scrub the desks, chairs and learning tools, or you can use 1: 100 disinfectant to spray the classroom for air disinfection (doors and windows need to be closed when disinfecting the classroom), or you can use ultraviolet rays for disinfection.

4. Carry out publicity and education to grasp the incidence in time: schools should publicize the knowledge of prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases through radio, blackboard newspapers, galleries and other forms to raise students' awareness of self-protection. If there are students with chicken pox in the class, they should report to the principal's office and clinic in time so as to grasp the situation in time and take corresponding prevention and control measures as soon as possible. .

Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine is the most effective preventive measure: so far, there is no specific method to treat chickenpox. Once chickenpox is prevalent in kindergartens or schools, isolation measures can only be taken, which greatly affects the normal teaching order. In any case, because the patient is contagious two days before the eruption, isolating the patient cannot completely prevent the spread of chickenpox. Therefore, the most ideal and effective way to prevent chickenpox is vaccination. At present, the United States and other developed countries have stipulated that children and adults should be routinely vaccinated with varicella vaccine. Studies have confirmed that more than 90% of children aged from 12 months to 12 years can produce protection for more than 6 years after vaccination, and some human antibodies last for more than 10 years. Parents can take their children to the local vaccination department for vaccination.

Patients exposed to varicella may be infected with varicella virus, but using varicella vaccine within 3 ~ 5 days after exposure can effectively prevent the occurrence of varicella or reduce the severity of the disease. Vaccination in the case of virus infection may cause disease, but the symptoms are obviously mild, the skin damage is small, and most of them do not have a fever. In this case, vaccination will not add extra harm to the body, but also successfully control the chickenpox epidemic on campus and reduce the incidence of chickenpox patients.

For patients who have been exposed to chickenpox or people with very poor resistance, patients with some serious diseases (hematological diseases, lymphoma and other malignant tumors), pregnant women and premature infants, high-titer anti-varicella-zoster immunoglobulin should be injected as soon as possible within 72 hours, and the more timely the injection, the better the effect. However, this immunoglobulin comes from healthy volunteers infected with varicella-zoster virus, which is expensive and difficult to buy. It can only be effective in a short time and cannot prevent the occurrence of varicella in the future. Generally, it is only used under special circumstances.

The susceptible and frail people who are exposed to chickenpox can also use gamma globulin at an early stage, which can alleviate clinical symptoms or delay the occurrence of diseases, but it takes a short time to prevent diseases and cannot avoid the occurrence of chickenpox. Therefore, vaccination can effectively prevent the occurrence of chickenpox.