Arboretum is a scientific research unit for investigating, collecting, identifying, introducing, domesticating, preserving and popularizing plants, and it is also a garden for popularizing plant scientific knowledge and providing recreation for the masses. Plants in botanical gardens are generally cultivated in a planned way according to their different types. Although botanical gardens generally consider aesthetic concepts in layout and collection, its scientific use value is the most important, which is also the difference between it and ordinary ornamental gardens. Most botanical gardens are managed by universities or specialized scientific research institutions.
In BC 138, when Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, expanded the Shanglin Garden in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), he planted more than 2,000 kinds of precious fruit trees, exotic flowers and herbs from afar, which can be said to be the earliest embryonic form of botanical garden in the world. The "Herb Garden" mentioned in Sima Guang's Paradise Lost in Song Dynasty is similar to the modern medicinal botanical garden. The Royal Autumn Botanical Garden officially opened on 184 1. The world's largest Kolkata Tropical Botanical Garden was built in 1787, and changed its name from 1947 to Indian Botanical Garden. The earliest botanical garden in China was the Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden established in 1929. 1949, botanical gardens were established in Hangzhou, Beijing, Shenyang, Guangzhou and Wuhan. China Modern Botanical Garden was established late. The experimental farm for clearing agriculture (now Beijing Zoo) built in 1906 belongs to the Botanical Garden. Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden built in 1929 and Lushan Forest Botanical Garden built in 1934 are also early modern botanical gardens in China. After 1954, in addition to the restoration, enrichment and expansion of the two botanical gardens in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, various types of botanical gardens or arboretums such as Hangzhou, Beijing, Kunming, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Harbin, Hainan, Guilin, Xishuangbanna, Nanning, Guizhou, Xiamen, Gannan, Nanyue and Shanghai have been established one after another. By 1986, there were more than 70 botanical gardens in China.
Mission of Botanical Garden: The basic mission of Botanical Garden is to display, introduce, study and utilize the abundant plant resources in nature, especially the wild plant resources. Therefore, all botanical gardens take the collection, identification and preservation of plant germplasm resources, including rare, precious and endangered species, as the primary part of their work. At the same time, botanical garden is also an important garden for plant introduction and domestication, which plays an important role in adapting exotic plants to local growth conditions and increasing and transforming local cultivated plant species. Many famous botanical gardens also conduct research on plant classification, physiology, morphology, ecology and plant breeding. It is the common work of almost all botanical gardens to combine popular science with scientific research and attach importance to popular science education in the park. The method includes arranging various plant exhibition areas, supplemented by schematic descriptions of specimens, models, charts and characters; Hold special lectures and show slides, videos or movies; Publish books and periodicals and hold training courses.