The Book of Learning is one of the Confucian classics, The Book of Rites, which is generally regarded as the work of the Meng Si School of Confucianism and was written at the end of the Warring States Period. The full text of Xue Ji is only 1200 words, but the content is quite rich, which systematically summarizes the educational theory and practice of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period. It is a relatively systematic and complete educational monograph focusing on the teaching theory of human history.
The main teaching ideas of Xue Ji;
On the role of education: "to make people become common, we must learn"; "Building the army and the people, teaching first" (the relationship between education and politics).
On the relationship between teachers and teachers and students: "teaching and learning learn from each other"; "The teacher is strict, and the Tao is respected".
About teaching experience: "Tao and Fu Qian, strong and Fu Qian, open and open"; "Be good at saving losses"; "Have a proper career when teaching and live on campus when retiring"; "Tibet and information complement each other (combining in and out of class)."
On teaching principles: "Yu, Shi, Sun and Mo"; "It is forbidden to say no"; "When it can be called"; "Learning after time will be very hard and difficult to achieve"; "If you don't do it, you will be called a grandson" and "If you don't learn, you can't wait"; "Looking at each other is good, called rubbing".
On the Function of Education
Paying attention to the social function of education is the crystallization of pre-Qin Confucian educational thought. Xue Ji made a classic theoretical summary of this thought of pre-Qin Confucianism, and said at the beginning: "worrying about the constitution and seeking goodness is enough to touch people's hearts, but not enough to touch the public;" It is wise and far away, enough to move the public, not enough to turn the people. If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs, he must learn it. " "Jade is uncut, abrasive; People don't learn or know. It is the king of the past, building the country and building the people, and teaching is the first. " . Xue Ji summarizes the social function of education as "building the country and governing the people" and "transforming the people into customs". On the one hand, it emphasizes to actively promote the rule of virtue by cultivating the ruling talents with both ability and political integrity that the country needs; On the one hand, it emphasizes the formation of unified social morality and good social customs through education, so as to make the society stable, the people rich and the country strong, the government harmonious, the country prosperous and the people safe. This statement clearly reveals the theoretical problem that education is the foundation of the country.
The Book of Learning requires wise rulers to stand on the height of governing the country, ruling the people and realizing the "kingly way", put education first and give priority to the development of education. This sentence became a classic introduction for later Confucian scholars to discuss the role of education, which had an important impact on the education of feudal society in China.
Xue Ji inherited the tradition of Confucius' question teaching method and praised students who were good at asking questions. Teachers can get twice the result with half the effort and help teachers improve their level. Teachers have different ways to explain what they have learned. They can explain after students ask questions, or analyze when students' knowledge and ability are not enough to answer teachers' questions. Teachers should consider the actual situation of students when explaining problems. Some questions that students still don't understand after explaining can be put on hold for the time being.