First, the cultivation of children's good quality needs comprehensive influence.
There are many educational factors in the formation of quality, and many educational factors come from all aspects of society. These educational factors affect the formation of children's quality through various channels, and comprehensive education can exert its own advantages and have a wide and comprehensive impact on children. 1, the comprehensive influence of educational content, means and methods. Focusing on one stage, focusing on a certain key point, and conducting comprehensive education with various educational contents, educational means and various forms of activities are the main characteristics of comprehensive courses. Cultivating children's good qualities naturally permeates every theme activity. For example, the theme of small class "It's cold, I'm not afraid" aims to exercise children's will, let them overcome difficulties, persist in kindergarten and actively participate in various activities. In order to achieve this educational goal, I organize to observe and experience the cold in winter in the general knowledge class, and observe how pedestrians on the street insist on going to work in the cold; The Chinese class tells the story of "exercising in winter", organizes a lecture on "Who is least afraid of cold", performs a puppet show "Not afraid of cold in winter", sings "What are we doing in science class", and pushes snowmen and snowballs in outdoor activities. It is also necessary to play the game of "sweeping snow" so that children can receive education and edification in all aspects of activities, games and daily life. 2. The comprehensive influence of kindergarten, family and society. Early childhood education is a systematic project involving kindergartens, families and society. Children are a member of the family society, and their words and deeds are influenced by the words and deeds of all kinds of people in the family and society. Therefore, the formation of children's good quality can not be separated from family and society, which requires us not only to create conditions in kindergartens, but also to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of families and society. Such as establishing parent schools, holding parents' experience exchange meetings, and organizing open days for children's activities. , and regularly report the class work to parents, discuss education issues together, and strengthen the connection between kindergartens and families through home visits and daily exchanges; In addition, we should actively create conditions for children to have extensive contact with society and improve their moral awareness, emotional experience and social communication ability. For example, learn about the labor of people from all walks of life, let children know about the work units of parents, relatives and friends, and visit the surrounding environment.
Second, we should cultivate children's good qualities in activities.
The educational factors that affect the formation of children's quality can only show their significance and function if they become the objects of children's activities. Children take part in many activities in the park, including collective education activities, daily life and games. These are all good opportunities to cultivate children's quality. For example, in festivals, children should not only express their feelings by words and actions, but also make small gifts for each other to express their feelings and exchange feelings, which invisibly promotes the social development of children. Organizing children to often comment on their behaviors with others can cultivate their qualities of unity, modesty, cooperation, self-confidence, distinguishing right from wrong and self-education.
Third, the process of cultivating children's good quality can start with the elements of quality.
1, starting with understanding. Knowledge is the basis of forming quality. Its main characteristics are concreteness, superficiality and one-sidedness. According to this feature, teachers should consider the development level of children's thinking and moral concepts, provide all kinds of knowledge and experience, distinguish right from wrong in combination with specific things, and let them learn to judge and evaluate. Teachers are good at dissecting concepts, decomposing factors, and developing children's concepts from near to far, from concrete to abstract according to the objectives and contents of education. For example, to cultivate children's "unity and friendship" quality, teachers should let them know all the children in the class (1) through a series of ten-day education and random education, and know their names and advantages. (2) Being able to play with friends, share toys, cooperate in games and perform together. (3) They can know what they like, share their happiness with them, sympathize with their friends' difficulties and help others without disturbing them. (4) Willing to learn from children's good behavior and not discriminating against children with shortcomings and physical defects. (5) Correctly evaluate your own performance in the group and your activities with children, and you can correctly evaluate the behavior of others. (6) Will correctly handle conflicts and disputes with children and so on.
2, from the emotional point of view. Children's emotions are impulsive, easily transferred and easily infected. Emotion plays a direct or indirect role in children's activities and affects their healthy psychological and behavioral development. Cultivating children's sense of morality, reason and beauty, protecting and encouraging positive emotions, improving negative emotions, and then giving full play to the role of emotions in children's activities and promoting the healthy development of children's psychology are the basic contents of children's emotional education. Around the content of education, I talk about the following five measures: (1) Take proper physical exercise. Emotions are always accompanied by children's activities. The number and quality of activities of weak children are much lower than those of healthy children, so the development and release of emotions are slower than those of healthy children, which often has a negative effect on activities. Generally speaking, children with weak constitution are more likely to experience negative emotions such as pain, fear, loneliness and boredom, and accordingly, they are also prone to show bad behavior tendencies such as shyness, timidity, selfishness, loneliness and willfulness in activities, so that over time, children will form unhealthy psychology. Therefore, strengthening children's physical exercise is an important prerequisite for emotional education. (2) Provide a warm living environment for children. (3) Use natural, musical, artistic and literary works to enrich children's emotional experience. Because children are easy to accept external emotional signals, it is very important to use nature, music and art to cultivate children's sense of beauty, reason and morality. Here I will focus on the role of literary works in enriching children's emotional experience. For children with less literacy, we can read them literary works, so that children can strengthen their emotional experience while listening. Therefore, we can change the name of the protagonist in literary works, change the environmental layout, and cooperate with the scene description in the works, so that children can fully understand and accept the emotional world of the protagonist in the immersive experience, thus achieving the purpose of enriching their emotional experience. (4) Minimize children's emotional experience of doubt, humiliation and guilt in activities, encourage children's creativity and independence, and cultivate children's sense of cooperation. Negative emotions are a serious obstacle for children to play games or other activities. Once the child has experienced excessive failure, humiliation, distrust, guilt, etc. During the activity, teachers should not comment, ridicule or express distrust casually. The creative function of overprotecting children's emotions is also very unfavorable. Children's favorite or active exploration activities, if only because they are dirty and a little dangerous, will be banned or even reprimanded by adults, and children will become timid. Adults must protect and encourage children's independent spirit and creative spirit in activities. In addition, cooperation between children should be encouraged as much as possible, because cooperation is the beginning of their exchange of feelings and understanding of interpersonal relationships. Adults should help children learn to control their emotions in cooperation, learn to be considerate of others and learn to share happiness, pain and love with others. (5) Understand children's emotions and teach them simple ways to control their emotions. Children are impulsive and have strong emotions, so children often cause excessive behavior because of emotional fluctuations. If you reprimand them simply and rudely, it will not solve the problem, but will aggravate their negative emotional experience. On the contrary, if you stand in the position of a child, sympathetically persuade: "I know that taking your toys makes you angry, right?" In this way, children think that after adults understand them and complain about grievances, they will treat their feelings more correctly and behave more generously. In addition, the main feature of children's emotions is that they do not pay attention to controlling their emotions and do whatever they want. However, with the expansion of children's activities, they will gradually realize many "no's" in life and realize that venting their feelings at will is no longer popular with peers and adults. Therefore, it is very important for children to learn to control their emotions. The way of children's emotional transformation is mainly transformation control. That is, using the characteristics that children's emotions are easy to transfer and infect, we can guide them to transform temporary negative emotions into positive emotions, so that the original negative emotions are gradually replaced by positive emotions; Or transfer all your emotions to the self-subject. The specific methods are as follows: A Teachers let children observe and identify other people's expressions and inner feelings and changes through various activities. B. Teach and guide children to think and ask others why their emotions will change or form different emotions. Why is he crying? Why is he so happy? Why are you afraid? What made him angry? Wait a minute. Understand the consequences of behavior. Let children gradually understand their emotions and behaviors, and what the other person's reaction is, so that children can initially reach emotional resonance from the perspective of others.
3. Start with action. Action is a practical activity. Proceed from action, that is, from practice. Cultivate emotions in practice, raise awareness, and then form behavior habits. In the exercise, I will focus on the simulation exercise method. Simulation exercises, as the name implies, are exercises that imitate the actual appearance. The difference between it and the behavior practice in daily life is that it is a performance activity, while the general behavior practice is combined with the reality of daily life.