American scholars Grant Wiggins, Jay McTaige, Lynn Erickson, Lois Lanning and others invariably lead teaching to understanding and pursue teaching based on understanding. According to Wiggins and others, education and teaching should be devoted to providing students with a framework to help them understand concepts.
A big concept is a big idea or a big idea, also known as a "big concept" or a "core concept". It is not a specific knowledge concept or term in a subject course, but an organized and structured "core concept", "knowledge model" or "knowledge model" that reflects the nature of the subject. It has the common characteristics of relative stability, consensus and dominance, and can "meaningfully" bond discrete or trivial topics and knowledge, thus helping students to interpret and predict a wide range of objects, events or phenomena with "expert thinking".
Deep analysis of holistic teaching method;
The guiding ideology of holistic teaching method takes the construction of students' cognitive structure as the core goal, the display of students' self-worth as the basic driving force, and the inspiration, guidance and questioning of teachers as the activation means.
The basic classroom model of holistic teaching method can be summarized as "3463".
The first "three" in "3463" is the three characteristics of this model: "modeling, hierarchy and life.
"The so-called' modeling' means that students' understanding of learning content always takes the thinking model as the starting point. First solve the problem of the place with good structure, and then solve the problem of the place with poor structure. Let knowledge exist in the structure forever. Learning content is always the unity of function, structure and knowledge elements.
The so-called "hierarchical" means that in the process of learning, students' thinking mode and teachers' guidance mode have changed at different levels. Students' thinking mode should go through several levels of transition from general paradigm to special paradigm, and teachers' guiding mode should go through scaffolding teaching, anchored teaching and random entry teaching in turn.
The so-called "living" means that in the process of learning, the classroom atmosphere is situational; Popularization of learning content; Three-dimensional perception; Actual cognitive effect. Learning is a special way of life.
"Four" in "3463" is the four modules of this model. These four modules are: independent inquiry, cooperation and exchange, reflection and internalization, and evaluation and perfection.
The so-called "independent inquiry" refers to the process of students completing their learning tasks independently under the guidance of "holistic teaching".
The so-called "cooperative communication" refers to the process of students' cooperative communication and mutual learning on the basis of autonomous learning.
The so-called "reflection internalization" refers to the process of students' self-reflection and summary of the problems and successes in cooperation and exchange.
The so-called "evaluation perfection" refers to the process that teachers evaluate and guide students to complete their learning tasks according to scientific evaluation standards after each learning process is completed.