Portrait of Fan Chi (network map)
Fan Chi had an official position before he became a student of Confucius. After Confucius traveled around the world and returned to China, Fan Chi became a disciple of the sage. Fan Chi is not only resourceful, but also very brave. On one occasion, the army of Qi attacked Lu, and his younger brother led the troops out and sent them as forwards. Lu's army dared not cross the sea to fight. Fan Chi suggested to his brother that he should take the lead in rushing over first. Brother agreed, and Lu won a great victory.
Although Fan Chi's appearance in The Analects of Confucius is not as good as that of Luz, Confucius' favorite disciple, he is still a figure with more appearances among Confucius' 72 disciples. Some people think that Confucius looked down on Fan Chi when he was a student, because every time Fan Chi asked questions, Confucius showed disdain. Actually, it's not. Confucius has a straightforward personality. He is impatient with Fan Chi's question because they have different views.
Fan Chi has a wide range of interests. In addition to learning the truth of being a man, he also asked Confucius about agronomy, but he was reprimanded by Confucius, accusing Confucius of despising farming. However, some people think that it is difficult for Fan Chi to ask Confucius for professional skills. Fan Chi was 36 years younger than his teacher, and Fan Chi died shortly after the death of Confucius. Who's Fan Chi? Do you know now?
Ask Jia.
The story of asking Jia is like this. Fan Chi asked Confucius how to grow crops well, and Confucius replied that his farming skills were not as good as that of an experienced farmer. Fan Chi then asked the teacher how to grow vegetables. Confucius told Fan Chi that he could not grow vegetables like a vegetable farmer. When Fan Chi respectfully withdrew, Confucius made many complaints. In his eyes, Fan Chi has become an out-and-out villain.
Portrait of Fan Chi (network map)
Confucius' idea is that as long as the superior attaches importance to the ceremony, then the people will respect it. If the superior takes a fancy to righteousness, then the people will obey. As long as the superiors attach importance to honesty, then the people will treat each other with sincerity. All of the above have been done, and people from all over the country will come to take refuge, so they don't have to grow their own crops.
Some people think that Confucius despises planting crops, so he didn't answer Fan Chi's question about crops and called Fan Chi a villain. In fact, Confucius' comments on Fan Chi were only aimed at his views. Confucius said everything to every disciple, even to his favorite disciple Luz. Fan Chi asked Confucius for advice on agriculture, but his teacher refused. In addition, in The Analects of Confucius, it is explained that Confucius is a person who is indifferent to food, but it is also a kind of behavior that Fan Chi asks the teacher what he doesn't know.
Fan Chi was born in a peasant family. He thought about the importance of agriculture, but he didn't continue to develop his thoughts. Mencius, another great scholar, attached great importance to agriculture, which coincided with Fan Chi. Confucius' words to Fan Chi also indirectly illustrated his thought of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Fan Chi was not smart enough, and Confucius gave him a simple and popular answer.
Fan Chi asked about knowledge.
Fan Chi's demand for knowledge is actually Fan Chi's demand for wisdom. In ancient times, wisdom and knowledge were interchangeable words. Fan Chi asked Confucius how to become a wise man. Confucius' answer is to advocate the good moral quality that an ordinary person should have, to fear ghosts and gods, but to stay away from them. Being able to do this is the real wisdom.
Statue of Fan Chi (network map)
Fan Chi asked what benevolence was, and Confucius gave him the answer that benevolent people always take the lead in dealing with difficulties and handle things better than others. Benevolent people let others get it first in the face of huge benefits, and then he will take it. This is the meaning of benevolence. Fan Chi asked questions about wisdom and benevolence, and Confucius answered him from a realistic perspective, which is Confucius' consistent style of answering questions. In his reply to Fan Chi, Confucius also put forward the view that ghosts and gods should stay away from each other. Confucius denied theocracy, but he did not deny sacrificial activities. He believes that sacrificial activities are mainly moral behaviors and have nothing to do with feudal superstitions.
Fan Chi is one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius. He is modest and eager to learn. He took pains to ask Confucius several questions about benevolence and wisdom, and Confucius answered them one by one every time, but the content of each answer was different. It makes sense to look at Confucius' list of answers one by one, but when we look at it together, we find that the contents of the answers are not related. This time, both wisdom and benevolence are equally important. Wisdom needs moral restraint, and benevolence needs morality.
Fan Chi accepted Confucius as a disciple when he was old, and did not travel around the world with Confucius. Fan Chi worships Confucius very much. Before he became a teacher, he had already embarked on the political road. However, after the death of Confucius, Fan Chi chose to preach for others.
Fan Chi Wen Ren
Fan Chi's theory of seeking benevolence appeared in The Analects of Confucius. He is a disciple of Confucius. Fan Chi asked the teacher what benevolence was, and the teacher replied that it was a lover. Fan Chi then asked the teacher what wisdom was, and Confucius replied that it was a wise man. Fan Chi didn't understand what the teacher was trying to say. Confucius gave a more specific answer, that is, to identify the upright and eliminate the dark. In this way, evil people will gradually move closer to good people and their moral quality will become better.
Portrait of Fan Chi (network map)
Fan Chi stepped back politely, told him his question and the answer given by the teacher in midsummer, and asked what the teacher's answer meant. Xia Zi replied that the teacher's answer was very profound. In ancient times, Shun owned the world, followed the crowd to select talents, and took a fancy to it, gradually alienating people without morality. After Shang Tang won the world, he also selected talents among ten thousand people. As a result, Yi Yin was chosen, and the whole society gradually became clear.
In fact, Fan Ziyi asked any two questions, besides Ren, there was also the question of wisdom. Fanzi got the teacher's answer but didn't understand the meaning. He didn't know anything until he got the example of Xia Zi. Confucius' answers to Fan Chi's questions about benevolence are different from those of other students, but in fact, Confucius' answers to each student's questions about benevolence are internally related. Fan Chi's answer contains not only ancient humanistic feelings, but also the methodology of how to be good.
Fan Chi accepted the education of Confucius, and thought that true wisdom is to select the right talents, but this is the wisdom of kings and superiors. There are many talented people in history who have no chance to display their ambitions. On the contrary, the wicked have risen step by step. In fact, it is not easy to achieve what Confucius called wisdom.
Fan Chi tomb
After the death of Confucius, Fan Chi and his other disciples went to Yutai County to preach and were buried in Wutai Village. To be exact, Fan Chi's tomb is located 50 meters south of Wutai Village in Yutai County, with the former site of Yutai in Lu Yingong in the north and Ziqian Ancestral Temple in the south. Zi Qian is Fan Chi's other disciples.
Pictures of Fan Chi's Tomb (Network Map)
The place where Fan Chi's tomb is located is the local historical and cultural center. Fan Chi's tomb is surrounded by the tombs of Fan's descendants and the stone tablets of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Fan Chi's tombstone was built during the Qianlong period, and Fan Chi was called a sage. Sage Fan Zi is the title that Fan Chi won in the Ming Dynasty. Fan Chi's tomb is exposed on the ground and made of mud. It is the most common conical cemetery with a height of about one meter and a circumference of about ten meters. Later generations of the Han Dynasty built Fan Miao He beside their tombs, which was spectacular. Since then, it has been sacrificed for generations. In 1980s, this area was rated as a cultural protection unit.
Fan Chi's tomb has experienced many twists and turns. In the 1940s, Fan Chi's descendants joined the anti-Japanese army and were retaliated by the Japanese. Fan Temple was destroyed, and even Fan's genealogy was almost burned. Two years later, the whole Fan Shi family raised money to restore Fan Chi's tombstone. Because of frequent wars and lack of funds, the Fan Temple has not been repaired. Twenty years later, the Cultural Revolution broke out in China, and Fan Chi's tombstone was forcibly broken. In 1980s, the tombstone of Fan Chi was rebuilt.
Fan Chi's tomb is not a big one, covering an area of less than 80 square meters. Fan Chi's Tomb is a famous tomb full of humanistic feelings. Fan Chi was named Yiduhou in Song Dynasty, and he always attached great importance to agriculture, which was a relatively advanced thought at that time.