The evaluation index of vocational education collectivization should include not only education index, but also economic index, employment index and people's livelihood index. These indicators should at least reflect the quantity and quality of technical and skilled personnel training, the depth of industrial chain coverage, the total coverage of enterprises, the proportion of national and regional GDP coverage, and the contribution of fiscal revenue and employment.
The criteria for judging the quality of vocational education collectivization should include the following aspects: solid infrastructure, perfect management and operation mechanism, remarkable service ability and operation effect, adequate guarantee measures, outstanding characteristics and innovation.
Solid infrastructure
To form a vocational education group, we must have four "leading" characteristics: group organization, articles of association system, target orientation and lead unit.
Group organization is the most basic condition for running a school by groups. Including the basic conditions such as the time, scale and reasonable composition of members of the group. Group internal institutions (such as decision-making bodies, executive bodies, coordination bodies, etc.). ) set up complete, clear responsibilities.
Articles of association system is the "legal" basis for running schools by groups. Including standardizing and scientifically formulating the articles of association of the group, clearly defining the nature, objectives and tasks of the group and the responsibilities and rights of all members; The operation system of the Group is systematic, scientific and operable; Different types of vocational education groups should have different governance structures, which represent the institutionalized level of enterprise management.
Target orientation is an important index to consider the direction of group running schools. Strategic orientation has a great influence on the development planning and work of the Group, including institutional reform, talent training mode, resource sharing and system construction. The orientation should be scientific and reasonable, and there should be bold practical innovation. Development planning should cover social services, school-school cooperation, school-enterprise cooperation, and regional (eastern and western) support. And adapt to the development of vocational education and national (regional) industrial development.
The role of the lead unit is the key to the operation of the group. The school supported by the lead school or the lead unit should at least be a provincial-level demonstration (backbone) college with a certain scale, complete infrastructure, strong school-running strength and high school-running level; Teaching, scientific research and social training have achieved fruitful results, including provincial training bases, excellent courses, famous teachers and teaching and research achievements; Its trained talents are welcomed by enterprises and society; Running a school has its own characteristics and advantages.
Perfect management and operation mechanism
The management and operation mechanism of the group is an important guarantee to strengthen the cooperation among "political, business, academic, enterprise, research and other institutions" and ensure the standardization and vitality of the group's activities.
Group management mainly includes four indicators: daily work, information exchange, property right management and research and exploration. Member units should actively participate in the daily work of the group's planning, summary, meetings, activities, archives, etc., with complete information and standardized management. The Group has established an information exchange platform, with updated contents and symmetrical information. The Group has its own fund-raising function and stable and diversified sources of funds, which can meet the needs of the Group's daily operation and maintenance of shared resources. Clear fund management, establish financial management system, standardize management, clear accounts, and make it public to member units on a regular basis; Asset sharing, clear property rights, and special management. Group members consciously participate in scientific research and strengthen theoretical research and practical exploration of group running schools.
The operation mechanism of the group includes four indicators: negotiation mechanism, decision-making mechanism, evaluation mechanism and reward and punishment mechanism. Establish a normalized regular consultation mechanism among internal member units, between the group and government departments and industry associations, and jointly carry out exchanges and consultations on the key work of group construction, development and collectivization; When it comes to major decision-making contents such as revision of articles of association, institutional reform, system formulation, assessment and appraisal, key project construction, membership and withdrawal, there are standardized and scientific decision-making mechanisms and procedures, and the decision-making results are fully implemented and the implementation effect is good; Establish a comprehensive assessment mechanism with extensive participation of all staff, detailed assessment standards, strong operability, strict and standardized assessment procedures, objective and fair assessment results, application of rewards and punishments, and obvious assessment results; Establish a reward and punishment mechanism corresponding to the assessment. On the one hand, there is a reward mechanism with the participation of all kinds of assessment subjects at all levels, giving rewards in terms of spirit and material. On the other hand, there are grading (filing) and withdrawal mechanisms for member units to ensure that member units can actively participate in vocational education and play a cooperative role.
The cooperation mechanism mainly includes three indicators: school-enterprise cooperation mechanism, school-school cooperation mechanism and regional cooperation mechanism. School-enterprise cooperation is the key to improve the quality of vocational education. Through the cooperation mechanism of professional co-construction, talent co-training, scientific research co-attack and cultural co-transmission, the Group ensures the legitimate interests of all parties in school-enterprise cooperation and forms a long-term cooperative interest chain. Inter-school cooperation mechanism is an important way to realize resource sharing in colleges and universities. The Group can better serve the industry or regional vocational education by establishing mechanisms such as professional overall planning, resource sharing, continuous training of talents and joint promotion of services. Regional cooperation mechanism is an important carrier to enhance the service ability of the group. Promote the improvement of the overall level of the group through regional cooperation mechanisms such as cooperation and exchange, cooperation training, cooperation and employment, and international exchange.
The service ability and operation effect are remarkable.
The service ability and operational effectiveness of the group school mainly refers to the ability and effectiveness of the group to serve the modern industrial system and build a modern vocational education system, which is an important indicator of the group's radiation, demonstration and innovation.
The ability to serve regional economy mainly refers to the ability of running schools in groups to adapt to the optimization and upgrading of regional industrial structure. The professional structure of colleges and universities in the group is consistent with the regional industrial structure, which can cultivate enough technical and skilled talents for local pillar industries and new strategic industries. School-enterprise cooperation in developing courses and teaching materials, and jointly promoting the reform of school-running mode, training mode, teaching mode and evaluation mode, the quality of personnel training is high.
The ability to serve social development is mainly the ability of running schools in groups to promote the coordinated development of society and the effect of integrating resources. Resource integration ability reflects the comprehensive utilization degree of group resources and is an important index to examine the effectiveness of the group. It is manifested in the good comprehensive utilization effect of human resources within the group, the high degree of curriculum opening, and the strong ability to promote the overall expansion of regional vocational education with strength and weakness. Social service is an important measure for the Group to realize the integration of knowledge chain, interest chain, specialty chain and industrial chain, and the social service function is realized through public welfare activities such as technical service, employee training and skill appraisal.
The ability to serve employment and entrepreneurship is mainly the ability to run schools in groups, guide employment and entrepreneurship and improve the quality of employment. The guidance ability of employment and entrepreneurship means that the group can use the sharing mechanism to implement joint recruitment, cultivate the ability of employment and entrepreneurship, and establish employment guidance institutions and skill appraisal institutions for the society. Employment quality is the core index reflecting the operation effect of the group, including the counterpart employment rate of college students in the group, the employment rate in the group, the salary level of students, and the ability of sustainable development.
The ability to serve the convergence of secondary and higher vocational courses mainly lies in the ability and advantages of running schools in groups and systematically cultivating technical and technical talents. Higher vocational colleges play a leading role, while secondary vocational schools play a basic role, focusing on improving the curriculum convergence system, promoting the overall planning and convergence of talent training objectives, professional structure layout, curriculum textbook system, education and teaching process, information technology application, talent growth path, teacher training, industry guidance, deep cooperation between schools and enterprises, evaluation model reform, etc., and establishing a credit accumulation and conversion system to form an "overpass" for the growth of technical and technical talents.
Safeguard measures in place
The importance attached by governments and industries at all levels to the collectivization of vocational education is an important indicator of government leadership and industry guidance, including government support in policy formulation, overall coordination, supervision and management, capital investment, etc. Industry organizations release demand information, provide industry norms, promote the construction of industry standards and teaching reform, integrate and coordinate superior educational resources in the industry, actively play the role of organization and coordination, and promote the co-construction and sharing of various resources among group members.
Highlight characteristics and innovation
The outstanding characteristics and innovations of the group's operation include the comparative advantages of the group in the connection between secondary and higher vocational schools, joint construction and sharing, cooperative research, group culture and international exchanges, which have a wide social impact; The Group has systematically explored the management system, operation mechanism, property right reform, investment and financing methods, etc., put forward new ideas, and reached the first conclusion, with leading effect in China.
In a word, running a school by groups is a mode of running a school explored in the practice of vocational education in China, and it is still in the process of sustainable development. With the development of economy and society and the modernization of vocational education, the group-run school will further develop by leaps and bounds, and its evaluation criteria will continue to develop, gradually improve and mature.