2. Min Zikai: surnamed Yi, Zi Qian, a native of Shandong, fifteen years younger than Confucius. Less abused by stepmother, because of its filial piety, mother also feels.
3. Ran Boniu: His real name is Ran Minggeng, whose name is Boniu, and he is from Lu, seven years younger than Confucius. Mencius, Min Ziqian and Yan Yuan called him a saint.
4. Zhong Gong: The real name is Ran Mingyong, the word Zhong Gong, a native of Lu, and Confucius is 29 years old. Open, silent and dignified.
5, kill me: the surname is Zaiming Yu, the word is from Shandong, and the age cannot be tested. Being good at rhetoric is more profound than being confident, honest and a doctor.
6. Zi Gong: Duanmu Ci, a great man, is thirty-one years younger than Confucius. He is eloquent and a diplomat. Okay, Huo Zhi, Ricky.
7. You Ran: surnamed Ran, a native of Lu, twenty-nine years younger than Confucius. Modesty, talent and good governance.
8. Lu Ji: Zhong, a native of Lu, is older than Confucius Xiao Jiu. Honest and frank, brave and talented, is in the same political department as Ran.
9. Ziyou: Yan Ming, Ziyou, Wu, 45 years younger than Confucius. Simple and broad, familiar with etiquette.
10,: surname Bu, word, Ren great man, 44 years younger than Confucius. The same theme as Ziyou.
1 1, Zeng Shen: Zeng, a native of Shandong, is 46 years younger than Confucius. Later generations are revered as saints. Filial piety is the most important and blunt in nature.
12,: My surname is Chen, who is 48 years younger than Confucius. Outstanding appearance, outstanding talent, outstanding appearance.
13, Gong Xihua: Chi Ming, born in Shandong, is 42 years younger than Confucius. Good at diplomacy.
14,: Fan, the word is late, Chen Ren, 36 years younger than Confucius. Confucius, who was good at asking questions, thought that his ambition was not ambitious enough.
15, Sima Niu: The real name is Sima Minggeng, born in the Song Dynasty, and the year number is unknown.
16, Youzi: The surname is famous and the word is in. He is from Shandong, forty-three years younger than Confucius.
17, Ceng Dian: the father of Ceng Zi, Zi Xi, born in Shandong, whose date of birth and death is unknown.
Extended information Confucius disciples:
The ten philosophers of Confucius are the collective names of the ten most outstanding students under Confucius (Ziyuan, Ziqian, Berniu, Zhonggong, Ziyou, Zigong, Luz, Ziwo, Ziyou and Xia Zi). "The Analects of Confucius. Confucius said, "I am not as good as Cai Chen." . Virtue: Yan Yuan, Min Zikai, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong; Word: Ziwo, Zigong; Politics: You Ran, Lu Ji; Literature: Freedom in Xia Zi. " "
Confucius' seventy-two sages refer to Confucius' disciples. Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China and the founder of Confucian school. "Historical Records Confucius Family" records: "Confucius taught poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music, and his disciples covered 3,000 Yan, and two of them were proficient in six arts. "This' seventy-two sages of Confucius' is a firm follower and practitioner of Confucius' thought and theory, and also an active disseminator of Confucianism.
Confucius' education:
Confucius put forward for the first time in the history of China that people's natural qualities are similar, and the differences in personality are mainly influenced by acquired education and social environment ("similar in sex, far from learning"). Therefore, everyone can be educated and everyone should be educated.
He advocated "no education for all", founded private schools and enrolled more students, which broke the monopoly of slave owners and nobles on school education and expanded the scope of education to civilians, conforming to the trend of social development at that time. He advocated "learning to be an official" and went to be an official after he completed his studies.
The purpose of his education is to cultivate a political gentleman, who must have high moral quality. Therefore, Confucius emphasized that moral education must be placed in the first place in school education ("Disciples are filial when they enter, filial when they leave, sincere and trustworthy, loving the people and being kind. Learn to write if you have spare capacity ").
In terms of teaching methods, Confucius requires teachers to have the educational philosophy of "teaching without distinction" and "managing the country to help the world", the methodology of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "heuristic", and pay attention to early childhood education and enlightenment education. He educates students to have an honest learning attitude, be open-minded and eager to learn, review what they have learned from time to time, so as to "review the past and learn new things", broaden and deepen the extension of new knowledge, and "draw inferences from others".
The main contents of Confucius' moral education are "courtesy" and "benevolence". Among them, "courtesy" is the moral standard, and "benevolence" is the highest moral standard. "Rite" is the form of "benevolence" and "benevolence" is the content of "ceremony". With the spirit of "benevolence", "ceremony" can be truly enriched. In terms of moral cultivation, he put forward methods such as determination, self-denial, practice, introspection and courage to reform.
"Learning and knowing" is the dominant idea of Confucius' teaching thought. While advocating being shameless and eager to learn, he emphasized the combination of learning and thinking ("learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous"), and at the same time, he should "apply what he has learned" and apply what he has learned to social practice.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius