Socrates was a famous philosopher and educator in ancient Greece. He opened a new stage in the history of western philosophy from natural philosophy to ethical philosophy, and was the first educator with long-term influence in the history of western thought. Socrates, as a famous educator in ancient Greece, has always been a hot figure in the teacher recruitment examination.

On the Significance of Education

Socrates believes that people are born with differences, but no matter how big the differences are, education can improve people. As long as people can predict the results, everything is controlled by their intelligence and can be learned.

2. On the purpose of education

Socrates believes that the purpose of education is to cultivate talents for governing the country. He believes that a ruler must have virtue, profound understanding and various practical knowledge.

The primary task of education is to cultivate morality.

Ethical issues are the center of Socrates' whole ideological system.

(1) Practical Philosophy-Morality

Socrates thinks that philosophy should shift from studying nature to studying human issues such as ethics and politics, and philosophy should be practical. Socrates' position is of epoch-making significance in the history of western philosophy and ethics.

(2) Seeking the "general" of morality

Socrates was dissatisfied with the skepticism and relativism of the wise men, and demanded to explore the universal and effective "commonness" in truth and morality, seek the essence and study the general definition of ethical concepts. Putting forward the theoretical question of ethics for the first time is a leap in philosophical thinking, which affects Plato's exploration of universalism and rationality.

(3) Teach people to be human.

(4) Virtue is knowledge and wisdom is virtue.

Morality is not innate, correct behavior is based on correct judgment, and knowledge, wisdom and morality are intrinsically and directly related. The good and evil of people's behavior mainly depends on the knowledge they have. Only by knowing what is good and what is evil can we seek good and avoid evil. Therefore, to teach people morality is to teach people wisdom, and to teach people to distinguish right from wrong is to teach people morality. In this sense, Socrates clearly pointed out. Virtue is knowledge. This view can be said to be the embryonic form of modern education and teaching principles.

(5) Self-control is the foundation of virtue.

(6) Obeying the law is justice.

(7) Example is more important than words.

4. Educational content-extensive and practical knowledge

Extensive and practical knowledge, in addition to teaching political and ethical eloquence, Fan He, astronomy and arithmetic are also listed as compulsory subjects for the first time. At the same time, it also attaches great importance to physical exercise.

5. Teaching method-Socrates method

Socrates formed a unique method in philosophical research and lectures, which consists of four steps: sarcasm, midwifery, induction and definition, and is called Socrates method. Sarcasm is to question the other party's remarks, force the other party into contradiction, and finally admit their ignorance. Midwifery is to help the other person get the answer to the question himself. Induction is to find the commonness and essence of things from various concrete things, and to seek "commonness" through the comparison of concrete things. Definition is to classify individual things into general concepts and get general concepts about things.

I think health lies in exercise.

Socrates believes that good health is useful in peacetime, because people need to do everything with their bodies and try to keep their bodies in the best condition.