The moral obligation of patients does not include unconditional acceptance of human experiments.

The moral obligation of patients is:

(a) the obligation to cooperate with the diagnosis and treatment and nursing

Patients are generally not responsible for their illness, but they are responsible for receiving or not receiving treatment after seeing a doctor. Because personal health is closely related to others and society, such as infectious diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and genetic diseases. If not actively treated, it will bring adverse effects to others and society. If you don't actively cooperate or even refuse treatment, you are irresponsible to yourself, others and society. At the same time, in order to play the role of doctors and improve the quality of medical care and the efficiency of the use of medical and health resources, patients should consciously abide by the management system and diagnosis and treatment norms of medical institutions, so as to coordinate their own needs with medical work and strive for an early recovery. In addition, we should actively provide all kinds of information related to the disease, consciously accept the examination, abide by the doctor's advice, and actively cooperate with medical staff for scientific treatment. This is not only the responsibility of patients, but also a good embodiment of patients' health ethics.

In clinical practice, patients should perform the following duties and cooperate with diagnosis, treatment and nursing.

1. Inform the medical staff of their family history, past history and allergy history in a realistic way, so that the medical staff can obtain the basic medical information of the occurrence and development of the patient's disease through the understanding of the patient's family history, past history and allergy history, so as to accurately put forward diagnosis and treatment suggestions including medical examination and formulate correct diagnosis, treatment and nursing plans.

The second is to obey the guidance of medical staff and take medicine in strict accordance with the doctor's advice. Inpatients or patients with infectious diseases should also abide by the relevant hospitalization system and the provisions on preventing the spread of infectious diseases.

Third, actively communicate with medical staff, strengthen information exchange in the process of diagnosis and treatment, and establish a cooperative relationship between doctors and patients.

An unmarried female college student went to the hospital because of sudden abdominal pain. The doctor suspected an ectopic pregnancy. But when asked about the patient's sexual contact history, the patient denied it. With the gradual aggravation of the disease, the patient's blood pressure dropped rapidly and his face was pale. After abdominal puncture, a large amount of non-condensable blood was found in the abdominal cavity. If you don't operate in time, you will soon die of hemorrhagic shock. Later laparotomy confirmed the doctor's judgment, and the female patient almost died because she concealed her medical history.

An old man was hospitalized, and the doctor prescribed him a medicine. The nurse told him to take it twice a day according to the doctor's advice and told him not to drink it because it was a Chinese patent medicine. Besides, this patient has the habit of drinking. I actually drank it secretly, but I was afraid that drinking it would offset some of the efficacy, so I changed it to four times a day. A month later, it caused kidney failure.

(2) Respect the personality and labor obligations of medical personnel.

Medical staff shoulder the important mission of preventing and treating diseases and saving lives. They should learn to master the professional knowledge of diagnosing and treating diseases and nursing patients, work hard for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients, and spare no effort to sacrifice their own interests and even their lives. Especially in China, medical and health resources are limited, medical personnel are relatively few, and the doctor-patient ratio is far below the international average; Large population and complex diseases, including a large number of infectious diseases, hypertension, diabetes, malignant tumors and other diseases brought by modern lifestyles, bring serious difficulties to the diagnosis and treatment of nursing work; At the same time, the remuneration of grassroots medical staff is relatively low, mainly relying on professional ethics and inner beliefs to settle in poverty and devote themselves to lofty medical and health undertakings. Therefore, medical staff should be respected by patients and the whole society. However, in actual medical and health activities, some patients often make unreasonable demands, even abuse, slander and beat medical staff, which is not allowed by morality and law.

1926 At the beginning of this year, Liang Qichao was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for hematuria. The doctor mistook his right kidney for a tumor, so he had it surgically removed. No tumor was found after right nephrectomy. In this regard, society and Liang Qichao's family have many responsibilities. Liang Qichao himself is very open-minded on this issue and understands medical personnel. He advised his family: "This operation is really unnecessary. Fortunately, after using it, my body didn't suffer at all. It only cost a few hundred dollars and suffered for ten days. It is worthwhile to change my peace of mind. " On June 2nd 1926, my illness and Union Hospital was published in the supplement of the morning paper, which affirmed that the medical treatment in Union Hospital was effective. Liang Qichao's tolerant attitude towards misdiagnosis in Union Medical College Hospital and his respect for medical staff were mainly due to the fact that western medicine had just entered China at that time, and people still lacked understanding of western medicine. Union Medical College Hospital was the most advanced western medicine hospital in China at that time. If we fight in the Union Medical College Hospital at this time, I'm afraid the patient will be the ultimate victim. Liang Qichao's understanding of Union Medical College Hospital and his respect for medical staff not only harmonized the relationship between doctors and patients, but also prompted the medical staff in the hospital to improve their skills.

(three) the obligation to abide by the rules and regulations of the hospital

Hospital rules and regulations are a series of effective measures to maintain normal medical order and ensure the quality of medical care. It is not only a code of conduct for medical staff, but also a behavioral requirement for patients and their families. It is the duty of every patient to abide by the rules and regulations of the hospital, including the health system, visiting system, accompanying system and paying medical expenses on time. Abiding by hospital rules and regulations is not only conducive to the recovery of patients' own health, but also to the rational and efficient use of medical and health resources and the protection of the interests of other patients.

The rules and regulations of the hospital mainly include the hospital work system formulated by the medical and health administrative department, such as the admission and discharge system of patients and the referral system of patients. Medical staff must publicize the management system that is directly related to the patient's visit and that the patient must abide by in a way that the patient can know. Medical staff also have the obligation to remind patients in good faith. If the patient neglects to abide by the management system of publicity and causes harm to the third party, the patient shall bear the responsibility.

Article 40 of the Law on Medical Practitioners in People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "Whoever obstructs doctors from practicing according to law, insults, slanders, threatens or beats doctors, or infringes on their personal freedom and interferes with their normal work and life shall be punished in accordance with the regulations on administrative penalties for public security; If it constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. "

Article 59 of the Regulations on the Handling of Medical Accidents stipulates: "Whoever, on the grounds of medical accidents, provokes troubles and robs medical records and disrupts the normal medical order of medical institutions and the technical appraisal of medical accidents shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law on the crime of disturbing social order; If it is not serious enough for criminal punishment, it shall be given administrative penalties for public security according to law. "

(four) the obligation to maintain health and develop good living habits.

Once a person suffers from a disease, he will not only suffer from the pain and disease, but also reduce or even lose his ability to bear social responsibilities, thus becoming a burden and loss for his family and society. In China, poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness are still important problems that restrict social development. Therefore, maintaining one's own health naturally becomes the social obligation of every citizen. At the same time, bad lifestyles and habits have become the main killers of modern people's health. Such as smoking, drinking, overeating, unprotected sex, not exercising, etc. , will have adverse effects on the body, leading to the occurrence and spread of diseases. Therefore, everyone should develop good living habits, safeguard their health and prevent problems before they happen; After you get sick, you should take active treatment, obey the orders of doctors and nurses, quit bad habits and exercise actively, so as not to become a burden to your family and society.

(5) The obligation to support medical development.

The development of medical science is a great cause for the benefit of mankind and future generations. The development and progress of medicine cannot be separated from the development and progress of medical education. The clinical nature of medical education is the most basic feature of medical education. Without the cooperation of clinical patients, the clinical nature of medical education will lose its foundation. In order to improve the level of medical science, medical workers need to study some clinical intractable diseases and rare diseases in order to explore effective prevention and treatment methods. This is inseparable from the active participation and strong support of the majority of patients. Therefore, any patient has the obligation to cooperate with medical teaching and scientific research activities, which is essentially a social obligation that patients should perform, but this obligation is not legally mandatory, but more a moral obligation, and medical personnel may not force patients to perform this obligation. When patients cooperate with medical teaching and research activities, medical personnel should be conservative if their privacy is involved. The main contents of the obligation to support the development of medical science are as follows: first, the autopsy of deceased patients with unknown reasons requires the understanding and support of the families of the deceased; Second, the experiment and use of new drugs and technologies need the participation and cooperation of patients; Thirdly, medical students need the trust, understanding and support of patients in teaching probation and clinical practice in order to train the follow-up medical talents.