What is preschool children? China now implements free and compulsory education. Children who reach a certain age need to go to school for education. Preschool children are called preschool children. Next, I will share with you what preschool children are.
What is preschool children 1 1? How old are preschool children?
Preschool children refer to children who have not yet reached school age. At present, the school age of children in our country is 6 years old, so all children before the age of 0 ~ 6 are preschool children.
The age division of children—
Infantile period: 1~ 12 months. Among them, umbilical cord amputation to 28 days after birth is called neonatal period. A baby from 6 months to 12 months is called an older baby.
Early childhood: 1~3 years old.
Preschool: from the age of 3 to the age of 6-7 before entering primary school.
School age: 6 ~ 12 years old.
Puberty/adolescence: 13 years old to 18 years old.
It can be seen from this classification that children before entering primary school (that is, before the age of 6) can be regarded as preschool children.
Second, preschool education.
1, cultivate character
People will always encounter setbacks and failures in their lives. Parents should pay attention to cultivating their children's tough character. Correctly guide children to deal with setbacks and failures, cultivate children's self-confidence, give appropriate encouragement and praise, and make children's hearts full of sunshine.
Step 2 cultivate interest
Cultivate children's broad interests and pay attention to their hobbies. Don't think that if you have fun, you can't study and fall behind other children. Provide children with a variety of interest choices and give necessary guidance. Children have a wide range of interests and hobbies, and they are exposed to many things. Naturally, they can learn many things that books can't.
Step 3 reduce stress
Parents should not put too much pressure on their children, so that their bodies and minds can bear the pressure of overload, which may eventually lead to psychological obstacles and even diseases. Parents can adopt learning methods suitable for their children and guide them slowly. Children's education is very urgent.
4. Patience education
Parents should face up to their children's mistakes and don't educate them by beating and cursing, which will only make them afraid of you, without really realizing the reasons for their mistakes. When their children make mistakes, parents should teach them carefully and guide them to face and correct them in the right direction.
What is preschool children? 2. Age division
Infantile period: 1~ 12 months. Among them, umbilical cord amputation to 28 days after birth is called neonatal period. A baby from 6 months to 12 months is called an older baby.
Early childhood: 1~3 years old.
Preschool: from 3 to 6 years old, before entering primary school.
School age: 7 ~ 12 years old.
It can be seen from this classification that all children before entering primary school (that is, before the age of 6) can be regarded as preschool children.
Second, the development characteristics
The growth and changes of preschool children are amazing.
In this short time, children learn languages and develop self-awareness and self-environmental awareness in a special cultural background. The growth and development of children in this period is regular and orderly. For example, before learning to walk, you must learn to stand and learn simple words, and then you can learn to use complex sentences. However, due to the influence of environment and culture, the specific time of preschool children's development and change is different.
Malnutrition will hinder physical development, and lack of communication with the outside world will delay the development of language. After studying in South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa, meredith also found that children of different races with the same economic conditions have little difference in physical development. Weakness, burnout and indifference caused by disease and malnutrition are harmful to children's growth and development.
All-round development of preschool children's cognitive ability
Because children not only have different personalities, but also live in different cultural environments, cross-cultural research in this area needs to be deepened. Slobin has studied the development of children's language in Britain, Finland, the former Soviet Union and other countries. He pointed out that children in different cultural environments began to talk at the same time as they started to walk. At the age of 3, he had mastered 1000 words and had the basic ability to use grammatical structures correctly. Erickson, a child psychologist, used "shyness and doubt are a pair of freedom and autonomy" to describe the character of preschool children. He insists that the personality characteristics of preschool children are high self-confidence and conceit. According to Eriksson's theory, 4-5-year-old children have entered the third stage of development called "slackness versus creativity", which is a period when they act independently and go to the world outside their families. S Floy divides preschool children into two stages of psychological development: anal stage (about 18 months -3 years old) and genital stage (3-6 years old). There are many possibilities of emotional conflict in these two stages. Freud's theory emphasizes that if these conflicts are not satisfactorily resolved, it will cause children's personality disorder and reduce their emotional normal development ability. In the study of cognitive development, J Piaget's achievements are remarkable. Piaget believes that children go through many stages of cognitive development during their growth, and their way of thinking is different from that of adults. Preschool children are in the pre-calculation period, and often rely on perception rather than thinking to understand things, and will not think backwards.
What is preschool education for preschool children?
preschool education
After three years of development, children enter preschool, which is a very important period in one's life. Many basic abilities of people are formed at this age, such as oral English, basic movements and some living habits, and sex is also initially formed at this age. Therefore, the education and psychological care in this period can not be ignored. Early education includes four aspects: physique, intelligence, morality and beauty.
sports
Is the primary task of early education. Cultivate children's good living habits and independent living ability, and develop their basic movements, such as walking, running, jumping, crawling and crawling. To accomplish these tasks, it is not enough to have health care and nutrition conservation. It is also necessary to carry out certain sports activities and master certain skills, so that children's bones, muscles and various organs can be exercised and their adaptability and various functions can be improved.
intelligence
It is not important to impart advanced scientific knowledge in early intellectual education, but the key point is to develop children's intelligence, that is, to develop children's attention, observation, memory, thinking and imagination, as well as oral expression ability. Pre-school intellectual education is to lay the foundation for future education. If you miss this period of time, the later study will be very difficult or even irreparable, such as oral English. If a person has no chance to practice oral English before school, even if he spends a lot of energy in adulthood, he can't reach the normal oral English level. It should be prepared from the aspects of cultivating children's intelligence, study habits and interest in learning, rather than taking how many words they know and how many arithmetic books they have learned as the standard of children's intelligence.
moral character
It refers to moral education for children. There are three factors in the formation of people's moral character, namely, their understanding of moral character, emotion and behavior. Preschool children's understanding of things is relatively low, and many abstract truths are incomprehensible. They can only understand relatively straightforward and simple standards of right and wrong, and can cultivate some initial behavior habits of treating people, such as politeness, kindness and honesty. Children are imitative, and many things in society will unconsciously affect them. If you don't take the initiative to educate, children will naturally learn many bad behavior habits. Therefore, moral education depends on adults to infiltrate the educational content into children's whole life in detail, and preaching and preaching alone is by no means effective.
sense of beauty
It refers to the aesthetic education for children. There are many natural phenomena and social phenomena in life that can make people feel beauty, and some art forms are the result of refining and sublimating these beautiful contents. Aesthetic education for children is to cultivate them to consciously experience the beauty in life, teach them the skills to express their feelings about beauty initially, and even create something. The artistic form is vivid and vivid, and it is mostly described by sound, color or gesture, which conforms to the psychological characteristics of preschool children.
Therefore, art forms can attract children's attention and interest, and are easily influenced and edified by art, such as songs, music, dances, poems, artists and literary works. All children have little knowledge and experience, low level of understanding and appreciation, and are not mature physically, so they can only choose those works that are easy to understand. The environment around us, as well as people's behavior and language, have a profound impact on cultivating children's aesthetic feeling. Therefore, it is very important to beautify the kindergarten and family environment, and the manners, behaviors and clothes of adults are very important.