? The main factors of employment difficulties
In 2007, the proportion of civil servants in China was about 42: 1, and last year it was about 48.6: 1? . The severe employment situation forces college graduates to change their employment concept. In 2006, the subordinate institutions of Guangzhou City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Bureau openly recruited for the public, and 13 positions attracted 286 undergraduate and graduate students to compete, with an average of 26 people grabbing a sanitation position. In 2006, the enrollment and employment ratio of funeral system in Beijing was as high as 100: 1, which was no less difficult than the national civil service examination in 2007.
On the other hand, due to the increase of education cost, the education expenses borne by the educated have greatly increased. On the one hand, ordinary people have to pay a lot of education expenses, on the other hand, it is difficult for their children to find jobs after graduation, and their dissatisfaction is understandable.
It should be noted that there are both objective and subjective reasons for the difficulty in obtaining employment.
1, the objective reasons for employment difficulties
Employment difficulty is a worldwide problem, especially in countries with large population and underdeveloped economy. Even in developed capitalist countries, it still exists, and sometimes it is serious in some fields.
There are many objective reasons for the difficulty in obtaining employment, mainly including: (1) The jobs provided by economic development cannot meet the employment demand; (2) The number of employed people is greater than the number of jobs that society can provide; (3) The employment mechanism and policies are imperfect or problematic; (4) The employment environment is not optimized.
Employment is closely related to economic development. With the rapid development of economy, more employment opportunities will be provided. Slow or deteriorating economic development will provide fewer employment opportunities and even lead to a large number of unemployment. There are many factors that affect economic development, mainly including: the quality of workers, the ability of leaders, the level of science and technology, economic system and mechanism, political factors, natural environment, international environment and so on. Among them, the quality of workers, the ability of leaders and scientific and cultural factors are all related to the level of education development.
2. Subjective factors of employment difficulties.
Employment difficulty is both an objective factor and a lot of subjective problems. For example, employment concept, entrepreneurial ability, the quality of workers and so on. On the one hand, it is difficult to find employment, and many people can't find jobs; On the other hand, there are also many jobs, such as high-tech requirements or fields with difficult conditions, which many people are not suitable or willing to do. Another problem is that there are objective environment and conditions for starting a business, but they lack the quality and ability to start their own business and find a job.
There may be many people competing for a job, such as college graduates, junior high school graduates, returned overseas students, demobilized veterans, urban residents, migrant workers, and people who want to transfer jobs or jobs. Two years ago, a street community recruited a staff member, and more than 4,000 people from all over the country signed up for the competition.
Reducing the proportion of college graduates, that is, reducing the number of college students, will inevitably increase the proportion of junior high school graduates or other types of personnel. In terms of quantity, the competition for this job will not decrease. Some people doubt whether to run such a large-scale higher education, and think that the scale of running higher education should be reduced. However, if the number of college students decreases, it will inevitably increase the employment difficulty of junior and senior high school graduates, and it will also bring people's dissatisfaction with the low admission rate of the college entrance examination. This is the reason why we have expanded the scale of higher education in recent years. Because only by expanding the enrollment scale of higher education can it be changed? Thousands of troops crowded a wooden bridge? Phenomenon. Therefore, the problem of difficult employment should not be solved mainly by reducing the scale of higher education.
The role of education in employment
Generally speaking, the development of education has a positive role in promoting employment, but it will also produce certain pressure. Efforts should be made to give full play to the positive role of education in promoting employment and seriously solve the certain pressure brought by education on employment.
1, the development of education can effectively promote employment.
The role of education in promoting employment is reflected in four aspects: (1) The development of education can effectively promote social and economic development, thus providing more jobs for the society; (2) The development of education can train more workers with higher quality and ability, and make the educated have more employment choices and opportunities; (3) The development of education can transform huge population pressure into powerful human resource advantages; (4) With the development of education, more employment opportunities can be created in the field of education.
In short, education lays an important foundation for employment and creates favorable conditions for employment.
At present, the Ministry of Education attaches great importance to the employment of college graduates, and it is reasonable to link the employment rate of college graduates with the number of college students. However, we should further study and correctly understand the relationship between education and employment.
It is reasonable to decide whether to enroll students according to the employment rate, but it cannot be absolute. The rationality lies in: the specialty setting and talent training of colleges and universities must meet the needs of the talent market, and colleges and universities cannot all train unemployed and unemployed talents. The reason why it can't be absolute is that employment is determined by many complicated factors. Developing higher education and cultivating college students is not only the pre-job training for the labor force, but also the improvement of the quality of the whole nation. In addition, there is still a time lag from enrollment to employment, so it is impossible to predict whether the students majoring in this major will be employed in the next three or four years absolutely and accurately. Whether or not to enroll students depends not only on the job demand of employment, but also on the demand of social development for talents of this major. Therefore, enrollment cannot be decided by employment rate alone. The low employment rate cannot be fully borne by schools.
2. The development of education will also bring pressure to employment.
Most college graduates have employment problems. The more graduates, the greater the employment pressure. College graduates' participation in employment competition also brings pressure to other people with low or no education. The employment difficulties of college graduates must be highly valued by governments at all levels.
Strive to improve the employment rate of college graduates
Improving the employment rate of college graduates requires the efforts of schools and students, as well as the great attention and joint efforts of the whole society.
1, what should schools and students do?
Schools should adjust their major settings in a timely manner according to economic and social development and talent market demand. It is necessary to strengthen discipline construction and ensure the quality of running schools. On the basis of continuous enrollment expansion for many years, we should now pay special attention to improving the quality of running schools. It is necessary to deepen educational reform, persist in educational innovation and comprehensively promote quality education. We should pay attention to enhancing students' practical ability, innovation ability, employment ability and entrepreneurial ability. College graduates should change their employment concept, strive to improve their own quality and ability, and dare to participate in the competition between employment and entrepreneurship.
2. What should the government and society do?
Governments at all levels and society should attach great importance to the employment of college graduates, broaden employment channels, expand employment opportunities and provide jobs. It is necessary to establish and improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to graduates' employment and self-employment. The whole society should care about and support the employment of college graduates and strive to create conditions for their employment.